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Utilization of Two Cross Two Switch for Bitonic Sorting Circuit

Micro and Nanosystems 2025年第1期17卷 45-57页

作者： Bhattacharjee, Subhasree Sarkar, Soumyadip Das, Kunal Sadhu, Arindam Sarkar, Bikramjit Department of Computer Application Narula Institute of Technology Kolkata India Department of Computer Science Acharya Prafulla Chandra College Kolkata India Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Greater Kolkata College of Engineering and Management West Bengal India Department of Computer Science & Engineering JIS College of Engineering West Bengal India

Background: The synthesis of reversible logic has gained prominence as a crucial research area, particularly in the context of post-CMOS computing devices, notably quantum computing. Objective: To implement the bitonic sorting circuit, 2x2 switch, is used. The overarching objective of implementing a reversible sorting circuit is to mitigate power consumption while promising secure communication. The successful implementation of the bitonic sorting circuit utilizing the proposed 2x2 switch is validated through simulations conducted in IBM Qiskit. Methods: This study begins by employing the control swap gate to implement a 2x2 switch, aimed at enabling concurrent computing operations within multiprocessor systems to enhance throughput. Subsequently, following the successful implementation of the 2x2 switch, the study proceeds to design a bitonic sorting circuit. Results: Bitonic sort using a 2x2 switch on the IBM Quantum Experience (IBMQ) platform via the QISKit SDK in Python 3.6. Specifically, Qiskit v0.29.0 is utilized, with OpenQASM. OpenQASM serves as the quantum assembly and instruction language. Conclusion: This work presents a methodology for constructing a 2x2 switch, utilizing a reversible control swap gate as its core component. Additionally, it demonstrates the intricate development and implementation of a bitonic sorting circuit, capitalizing on this innovative switch architecture. © 2025 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Quantum computers

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SADCCNet: self-attention-based dense cascaded capsule network for bone cancer detection using deep learning approach

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Iran Journal of computer Science 2025年 1-21页

作者： Kotwal, Jameer Gulab Sharma, Nand Kishore Somkunwar, Rachna Bavkar, Dnyaneshwar Deshmukh, Swapnil Khan, Vajid Korade, Nilesh Department of Computer Engineering Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology Maharashtra Pimpri Pune 411018 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Kanpur 209305 India Department of Computer Engineering MGM College of Engineering & Technology Navi-Mumbai 410209 India Department of Computer Engineering G.S. Moze College of Engineering Balewadi Pune 411045 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Artificial Intelligence) Vishwakarma Institute of Technology Pune India

Bone cancer is a cancerous tumour that originates in bone tissue and causes inflammation, pain, and fractures. It could spread from other body areas or start in the bones. After a diagnosis, it is essential to begin appropriate treatment procedures at once, especially for malignant bone tumours. Several techniques were developed for bone cancer detection at an earlier stage. However, those techniques failed to provide efficient results due to their overfitting, higher false positive rate, etc. To overcome these kinds of issues, the proposed methodology is introduced to provide efficient performance. Initially, the data were gathered from Chonnam National University Hospital (CNUH) dataset. The pre-processing was done using the uprated non-local mean filtering (Up-NonMF) and contrast-limited ADAPTIVE histogram equalisation (CLAHE) for noise reduction and contrast enhancement. Then, the multi-stage UNet (Multi-SUnet) is used for segmentation. Finally, the proposed self-attention-based dense cascaded capsule network (SADCCNet) model is used to classify bone cancer. Here, the SADCCNet model is optimised using the binary zebra optimisation algorithm (BZOA) to improve its efficiency. This model is executed using the Python tool. The performance of the proposed technique is determined by comparing it with various existing models such as Res_UNet, MobiNet_V2, and VGG-16 models. The proposed model achieves 98.93% accuracy, 97.05% precision, 97.09% recall, 97% F1 score, and 97.35% Specificity. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Adaptive histogram equalisation Dense capsule networks Self-attention UNet

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Advancing emotion recognition via EEG signals using a deep learning approach with ensemble model

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2024年第1-2期47卷 143-154页

作者： Immanuel, Rajeswari Rajesh Sangeetha, S.K.B. Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology Vadapalani Campus Tamil Nadu Chennai India

Human emotions are the mind's responses to external stimuli, and due to their dynamic and unpredictable nature, research in this field has become increasingly important. There is a growing trend in utilizing deep learning and machine learning techniques for emotion recognition through EEG (electroencephalogram) signals. This paper presents an investigation based on a real-time dataset that comprises 15 subjects, consisting of 7 males and 8 females. The EEG signals of these subjects were recorded during exposure to video stimuli. The collected real-time data underwent preprocessing, followed by the extraction of features using various methods tailored for this purpose. The study includes an evaluation of model performance by comparing the accuracy and loss metrics between models applied to both raw and preprocessed data. The paper introduces the EEGEM (Electroencephalogram Ensemble Model), which represents an ensemble model combining LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) to achieve the desired outcomes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the EEGEM model, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 95.56%. This model has proven to surpass the performance of other established machine learning and deep learning techniques in the field of emotion recognition, making it a promising and superior tool for this application. © 2024 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Salp swarm algorithm using lens opposition-based learning and local search for constrained optimization problems

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Iran Journal of computer Science 2025年第2期8卷 659-686页

作者： Majumdar, Parijata Mitra, Sanjoy Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Agartala Jirania 799046 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tripura Institute of Technology Agartala Narsingarh 799009 India

The Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) simulates how salps forage and travel in the ocean. SSA suffers from low initial population diversity, improper balancing of exploration and exploitation, and slow convergence speed. Thus, we have proposed a novel variant of SSA (LOLSSA) by integrating lens opposition learning with the fundamental evolutionary techniques of SSA to increase the initial population variety. During exploration, the information about the local best position for each individual is effectively shared with the follower, using the salp position update process to avoid getting stuck at the local optimum. At the end of each iteration, the local search algorithm is utilized to increase exploitation. Additionally, the leader’s salp position incorporates inertia weight to speed up the convergence speed. Swarm intelligence algorithms have proven their efficacy in feature selection, since they search for an optimal set of features in a large search area that will have the best impact on the accuracy of the training system. LOLSSA is thus employed for feature selection to select informative features in 11 high-dimensional datasets, where it outperforms well-known metaheuristics in average fitness, accuracy, and average number of feature reductions. In the software-as-a-service cloud computing model, a task scheduling problem is solved to satisfy the QoS requirement of both the service provider and the user. Experiments show that LOLSSA optimizes this problem in terms of different performance metrics. LOLSSA also outperforms other metaheuristics regarding 23 well-known benchmark functions, IEEE CEC-C06 2019, and CEC-06 2020 benchmark functions, and in solving engineering design problems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Convergence speed Feature selection Global optimization Lens opposition learning Salp swarm algorithm Task scheduling problem

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AI-enabled dental caries detection using transfer learning and gradient-based class activation mapping

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2024年第7期15卷 3009-3033页

作者： Inani, Hardik Mehta, Veerangi Bhavsar, Drashti Gupta, Rajeev Kumar Jain, Arti Akhtar, Zahid Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gujarat Gandhinagar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Information Technology Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida India Department of Network and Computer Security State University of New York Polytechnic Institute NY United States

Dental caries detection holds the key to unlocking brighter smiles and healthier lives by identifying one of the most common oral health issues early on. This vital topic sheds light on innovative ways to combat tooth decay, empowering individuals to take control of their oral health and maintain radiant smiles. This research paper delves into the realm of transfer learning techniques, aiming to elevate the precision and efficacy of dental caries diagnosis. Utilizing Keras ImageDataGenerator, a rich and balanced dataset is crafted by augmenting teeth images from the Kaggle teeth dataset. Five cutting-edge pre-trained architectures are harnessed in the transfer learning approach: EfficientNetV2B3, VGG19, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, and ResNet50, with each model, initialized using ImageNet weights and tailored top layers. A comprehensive set of evaluation metrics, encompassing accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and false negative rates are employed to gauge the performance of these architectures. The findings unveil the unique advantages and drawbacks of each model, illuminating the path to an optimal choice for dental caries detection using Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping). The testing accuracies achieved by EfficientNetV2B3, VGG19, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, and ResNet50 models stand at 95.89%, 96.58%, 93.15%, 93.15%, and 94.18%, respectively. The Training accuracies stood at 100%, 99.91%, 100%, 100% and 100%, meanwhile on validation we achieved 97.63%, 96.68%, 98.82%, 96.68%, and 100% accuracies for EfficientNetV2B3, VGG19, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, and ResNet50 models respectively. Capitalizing on transfer learning and juxtaposing diverse pre-trained architectures, this research paper paves the way for substantial advancements in dental diagnostic capabilities, culminating in enhanced patient outcomes and superior oral health. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Chemical activation

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Secure data authentication and access control protocol for industrial healthcare system

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第5期14卷 4853-4864页

作者： Gupta, Daya Sagar Mazumdar, Nabajyoti Nag, Amitava Singh, Jyoti Prakash Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology Jais UP Amethi229304 India Department of Information Technology Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad Prayagraj India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar BTR Kokrajhar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Patna India

Because of recent COVID-19 epidemic, the Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) has acquired a significant impetus to diagnose patients remotely, regulate medical equipment, and track quarantined patients via smart electronic devices installed at the patient’s end. Nevertheless, the IoMT confronts various security and privacy issues, such as entity authentication, confidentiality, and integrity of health-related data, among others, rendering this technology vulnerable to different attacks. To address these concerns, a number of security procedures based on traditional cryptographic approaches, such as discrete logarithm and integer factorization problems, have been developed. All of these protocols, however, are vulnerable to quantum attacks. This paper, in this context, presents a data authentication and access control protocol for IoMT systems that can withstand quantum attacks. A comprehensive formal security assessment demonstrates that the proposed algorithm can endure both current and future threats. In terms of data computing, transmission, and key storage overheads, it also surpasses other related techniques. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Authentication

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Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi S V V Shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam Sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DSC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

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iLIAC: An approach of identifying dissimilar groups on unstructured numerical image dataset using improved agglomerative clustering technique

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第39期83卷 86359-86381页

作者： S, Sreedhar Kumar Ahmed, Syed Thouheed Fathima, Afifa Salsabil Mathivanan, Sandeep Kumar Jayagopal, Prabhu Saif, Abdu Gupta, Sachin Kumar Sinha, Garima Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Technology CMR University Karnataka Bengaluru India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana Kandi India School of Computer Science and Engineering REVA University Bangalore India School of Computer Science and Engineering Galgotias University Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida203201 India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India Department of Communication and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and IT Taiz University Taiz Yemen Katra India Department of Computer Science Engineering Jain University Bangalore India

Unstructured Numerical Image Dataset Separation (UNIDS) method employing an enhanced unsupervised clustering technique. The objective is to delineate an optimal number of distinct groups within the input grayscale (G-S) image content, utilizing the improved limited iteration agglomerative clustering (iLIAC) clustering technique for the separation and enhancement of picture elements. The UNIDS method is structured into two primary stages: partitioning and validation. In the partitioning stage, the UNIDS method identifies an appropriate number of discrete clusters within the grayscale image using the iLIAC technique, eliminating the need for predetermined procedures. Subsequently, the method evaluates the similarity and deviation among data elements within the same group in the resultant image dataset. Additionally, it assesses the proximity and inters severance among clusters in the outcome of the image dataset through the partitioning process. Empirical results indicate that the UNIDS system excels in the spontaneous identification of an optimal number of discrete clusters within the input G-S image. The system demonstrates superior thickness, reduced deviation among data elements within the same cluster, increased inter-separation, and diminished inter-closeness between cluster elements. Furthermore, empirical analysis establishes the superior performance of the UNIDS approach compared to existing clustering techniques. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Multilevel characterization of unknown protein sequences using hierarchical long short term memory model

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 6593-6614页

作者： Agrawal, Saurabh Sisodia, Dilip Singh Nagwani, Naresh Kumar Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Raipur GE Road Chhattisgarh Raipur492010 India

Multilevel characterization of the recently developed Unknown Protein Sequence (UPS) is significant for the drug-designing, disease-diagnosis, and treatment plans. UPS can demonstrate harmful as well as useful characters. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based Multilevel Protein Characterization (ML_PC) model using Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier (NFC) and transfer learning has been proposed in this paper for characteristics, species, and function prediction of the UPS. Gram Negative (GN) dataset with known 2286 protein sequences, is used for formation and validation of the ML_PC model. Thereafter NFC is applied at initial stage of the validated ML_PC model to filter the 518 independent protein sequences of the UPS dataset as GN or Non-GN in context with known GN dataset. However, NFC is competent to handle likelihood classification complications of supervised learning. Characteristics, species, and functions of the filtered GN UPS have been predicted in succeeding levels of the ML_PC framework through Protein Characterization (PC) model. LSTM and transfer learning based PC model has been trained and validated using augmented feature of the known GN protein sequence samples, while tested with UPS and filtered GN protein sequences. Transfer learning has been applied as requisite postprocessing to overcome overfitting in the prediction of bacterial protein species with insufficient protein sequence samples. Performance of the multilevel model is improved by 7.52% after combining with transfer learning and NFC. ML_PC model has been compatible to extract relevant biological information of the UPS in context to various categories of bacterial proteins. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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A Novel Proof-of-Concept AI-Driven Approach for Advanced Electromagnetic Imaging

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 2025年 151卷 25-31页

作者： Ghaffarpour, Ali Vasei, Tahereh Ganesh, Mahindra Amineh, Reza K. Ravan, Maryam Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York Institute of Technology New YorkNY10023 United States

This paper introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) methodology designed to enhance the output of two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetic imaging systems, specifically tailored for the imaging of conductive objects utilizing inductive sensors. The core of our imaging system comprises a commercial data acquisition board, alongside custom-made multilayer planar coils developed by conventional printed circuit board technology. By leveraging recent advances in AI and machine learning, our approach significantly improves the resolution and clarity of electromagnetic images. The paper uses a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier to process the raw electromagnetic data captured by the imaging system. These algorithms are trained to recognize patterns and anomalies in electromagnetic field data, which are often indicative of conductive objects. The enhanced imaging capability is demonstrated through a series of experiments that compare the AI-enhanced outputs with the ground truth. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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