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A voting-based trustworthy distributed IoT attack detection model

Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 2025年第1期29卷 103-118页

作者： Sharma, Priya Sharma, Sanjay Kumar Dani, Diksha University School of Information & Communication Technology Gautam Buddha University Greater Noida India Department of Computer Engineering SVKM’s NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering Mumbai India

Besides the enhancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) distributed environment, anomalous activities are also escalating rapidly. Therefore, improving the trustworthiness of distributed networks is required for the extensive adoption of IoT infrastructure. Establishing a security mechanism in IoT networks is a challenging task as communication links are lossy and connected devices are resource-dependent. Conventional security techniques such as intrusion detection systems (IDS) are insufficient to shelter the IoT-distributed environment due to less computational capacity, restricted upgraded devices, and mismatched protocols. This paper proposes a novel machine learning-based trustworthy model for IoT attack detection. The proposed system combines the capability of Ada-boost and Gradient-boost to classify anomalous activities with low computational capacity proficiently and within a minimum time frame. Experiments were conducted on Distributed Smart Space Orchestration System (DS2OS) IoT dataset to assess the significance of the novel attack detection model. The demonstration shows that the proposed model obtains 98.28% training accuracy, 98.26% testing accuracy, and 99.25% AUC score. A confusion matrix has also been calculated to check the authenticity of the results—a comparison of the proposed model with individual learners and existing models proves that the proposed model outperformed. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Stairdepth: a novel staircase detection through depth maps generated by depth anything V2

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International Journal of information technology (Singapore) 2025年第4期17卷 2075-2086页

作者： Shekar, Avire Laxmi Chandra Chandrika, Mukkolla Bhuvana Naidu, Vakkalagadda Hemanth Muppalaneni, Naresh Babu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Kurnool Kurnool India

Detection of a staircase is an important task in the fields of both assistive technology and autonomous navigation with an aim to enable substantial improvement in safety and accessibility for both those with limited vision and those with mobility problems. Classic methods often perform poorly under challenging conditions, such as low lighting, irregular architectural arrangements, or occluded views. Whereas the integration of physical depth sensors has increased detection accuracy, this integration introduces increased complexity, cost and greater maintenance issues. Our work proposes a novel architecture capable of directly estimating depth maps from color images using a pre-trained model without relying on physical sensors for depth estimation. It detects the staircase efficiently, including the classification of stair lines into concave or convex, with the classification of surfaces as a tread or riser, hence localizing staircases accurately. Our proposed methodology demonstrated exceptional results, with 83.2% Precision, 90.8% Recall, and 72.2% Intersection over Union on stair line classification and 97.1% Pixel Accuracy and 82.9% Mean Pixel Accuracy on stair surfaces by outperforming the efficacy of current approaches pertaining to stair line and surface classification. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2025.

关键词： Depth image Segmentation Stair surfaces Staircase detection StairDepth Stairline

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A Comprehensive Analysis of Knowledge Graph-based Social Recommendation System 1

A Comprehensive Analysis of Knowledge Graph-based Social Rec...

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1st International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computational Networks, ICISCN 2025

作者： Navuluri, Madhavilatha Bhuyan, Hemanta Kumar RGUKT-IIIT Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ongole India Department of Information Technology and Computer Applications Guntur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529246

Recommendation systems are crucial due to their high relevance in terms of interpretability and performance. A Social Recommendation system explores how social relations influence user choices and how users select items. In this system, user-embeddings are learned from Knowledge graphs to enhance the recommendations. The social recommendation system can be categorized into three main areas: user recommendation, movie recommendation, and explainable recommendation. User recommendation focusses on providing users with personalized services, movie recommendation enhances the movie-watching experience, and explainable recommendation aims to provide the reasoning behind the suggested items. Data sparsity and the cold start problem are significant challenges faced by RS. The Social RS model addresses these issues by leveraging both user-item interactions and user-user social relationships, thereby improving the overall quality of social network-based recommendations. Methods such as Light Graph Convolutional Network (LGCN), Hyperbolic Recommender (HSR), and Knowledge Enhanced Graph Neural Networks (KEGNN) have been proposed to enhance social recommendation performance. Evaluation metrics such as recall @N, precision @N are commonly used to assess and estimate the effectiveness of recommendation systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Automatic emotion recognition using deep neural network

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-30页

作者： Sujatha, R. Chatterjee, Jyotir Moy Pathy, Baibhav Hu, Yu-Chen School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of CSE Graphic Era University Dehradun India School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Computer Science Tunghai University Taichung City Taiwan

Emotions are a vital semantic part of human correspondence. Emotions are significant for human correspondence as well as basic for human–computer cooperation. Viable correspondence between people is possibly achieved when both the importance and the emotion of the correspondence are perceived by all groups included. Understanding the significance of language has generally been concentrated on in natural language processing (NLP) as a semantic examination. In NLP, the text can be handled appropriately for classification. Emotion detection from facial emotion is the subfield of social signal processing applied in a wide assortment of regions, explicitly for human and PC collaboration. Many researchers have proposed various approaches, generally utilizing machine learning concepts. Automatic emotion recognition (AER) is significant for working with consistent intuitiveness between a person and a smart device toward fully acknowledging an intelligent society. Many researchers examined cross-lingual and multilingual speech emotion as a stage toward language-free emotion acknowledgment in natural speech. In the present work, we are proposing a deep learning-based AER system using four openly accessible datasets, namely Basic Arabic Vocal Emotions Dataset (BAVED), Acted Emotional Speech Dynamic Database (AESDD), Urdu written in Latin/Roman Script (URDU), and Toronto Emotional Speech Set (TESS), by utilizing the Jupyter notebook and a Python library for music and audio synthesis named Librosa. The experimental results exhibited that the proposed approach achieves better than the existing approaches, i.e., the accuracy of the proposed system with the URDU dataset is 96.24%, the TESS dataset is 99.10%, the AESDD dataset is 65.97%, and the BAVED dataset is 73.12%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Semantics

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Ultra-low power MoS2 optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity for color target recognition

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 187-196页

作者： Bo WEI Yabo CHEN Xiaotong HAN Yan KANG Bujia LIANG Cheng LI Xiaokuo YANG Liang FANG Yuanxi PENG Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense Technology Fundamentals Department Air Force Engineering University College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense Technology College of Computer National University of Defense Technology

Optoelectronic synapses that integrate visual perception and pre-processing hold significant potential for neuromorphic vision systems（NVSs）. However, due to a lack of wavelength sensitivity, existing NVS mainly focuses on gray-scale image processing, making it challenging to recognize color images. Additionally, the high power consumption of optoelectronic synapses, compared to the 10 fJ energy consumption of biological synapses, limits their broader application. To address these challenges, an energy-efficient NVS capable of color target recognition in a noisy environment was developed,utilizing a MoS2optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity. Benefiting from the distinct photon capture capabilities of 450, 535, and 650 nm light, the optoelectronic synapse exhibits wavelength-dependent synaptic plasticity, including excitatory postsynaptic current（EPSC）, paired-pulse facilitation（PPF）, and long-term plasticity（LTP）. These properties can effectively mimic the visual memory and color discrimination functions of the human vision system. Results demonstrate that the NVS, based on MoS2optoelectronic synapses, can eliminate the color noise at the sensor level, increasing color image recognition accuracy from 50% to 90%. Importantly, the optoelectronic synapse operates at a low voltage spike of0.0005 V, consuming only 0.075 fJ per spike, surpassing the energy efficiency of both existing optoelectronic and biological synapses. This ultra-low power, color-sensitive device eliminates the need for color filters and offers great promise for future deployment in filter-free NVS.

关键词： optoelectronic synapse neuromorphic vision system color recognition 2D materials image pre-processing

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An overview on IRS-enabled sensing and communications for 6G: architectures, fundamental limits, and joint beamforming designs

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 170-193页

作者： Xianxin SONG Yuan FANG Feng WANG Zixiang REN Xianghao YU Ye ZHANG Fan LIU Jie XU Derrick Wing Kwan NG Rui ZHANG Shuguang CUI School of Science and Engineering (SSE) Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen)and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

This study presents an overview on intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-enabled sensing and communication for the forthcoming sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks, in which IRSs are strategically deployed to proactively reconfigure wireless environments to improve both sensing and communication(S&C) performance. First, we exploit a single IRS to enable wireless sensing in the base station's(BS's) non-line-of-sight(NLoS) area. In particular, we present three IRS-enabled NLoS target sensing architectures with fully-passive, semi-passive, and active IRSs, respectively. We compare their pros and cons by analyzing the fundamental sensing performance limits for target detection and parameter estimation. Next, we consider a single IRS to facilitate integrated sensing and communication(ISAC), in which the transmit signals at the BS are used for achieving both S&C functionalities, aided by the IRS through reflective beamforming. We present joint transmit signal and receiver processing designs for realizing efficient ISAC, and jointly optimize the transmit beamforming at the BS and reflective beamforming at the IRS to balance the fundamental performance tradeoff between S&C. Furthermore, we discuss multi-IRS networked ISAC, by particularly focusing on multi-IRS-enabled multi-link ISAC, multi-region ISAC, and ISAC signal routing, respectively. Finally, we highlight various promising research topics in this area to motivate future work.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing sensing and communication tradeoff

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A Lightweight Authentication Protocol for RFID-Assisted Supply Chain Management System

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12845-12852页

作者： Tariq, Tayyaba Kuo, Wen-Chung Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Salman Das, Ashok Kumar Alenazi, Mohammed J. F. National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Douliu64002 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Lahore54590 Pakistan International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul02841 Korea Republic of King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia

In the evolving landscape of supply chain management, the integration of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology has marked a significant milestone. This development has led to the emergence of a new system in RFID-based supply chain management, which is intricately linked with the advances in the Internet of Things (IoT). RFID technology employs electromagnetic fields to identify and track tags on objects and revolutionizes the management and tracking of items in the supply chain. However, the public communication among RFID tags, RFID readers, and supply chain infrastructure predominantly escalates security and privacy challenges. Several authentication protocols have been proposed to overcome these challenges. However, the vulnerability of most proposed protocols to numerous security attacks renders them inefficient. Therefore, to address these crucial challenges, we devised an RFID-based authentication protocol for supply chain management systems. The incorporation of a physically unclonable function (PUF) into the protocol fortifies the system against physical tampering attacks. To validate the security and effectiveness of the devised protocol, both informal and formal security analysis are conducted. The formal security analysis is conducted using the widely used random oracle model. The informal security analysis reveals that the devised protocol provides enhanced and efficient security features. Furthermore, we perform a comparative analysis with related protocols, focusing on critical performance metrics like communication cost, computation cost, and overall security features. The results of the comparative analysis are promising, indicating a substantial 30.92% reduction in computational cost and a 23.98% reduction in communication cost in comparison to related protocols, thus highlighting the protocol’s superior performance and resource efficiency. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Genetic Algorithm Based Deterministic Workflow Scheduling with Load Balancing 2

Genetic Algorithm Based Deterministic Workflow Scheduling wi...

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2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication technology and Networking, CICTN 2025

作者： Mittal, Punit Kumar, Satender Sharma, Swati Department of Computer Science and Engineering Quantum University Roorkee India Department of Information Technology Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology Meerut India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530389

A crucial problem in cloud computing is load balancing, which makes it challenging to guarantee that services operate as intended in accordance with quality of service (QoS), performance reviews, and service contracts that cloud service providers (CSPs) demand of businesses. The main goal is to distribute workloads among computer resources in order to improve performance. Load balancing is categorized as an "NP-hard" problem due to the ample solution space and the time needed to identify the optimal solution. While only a few approaches may provide an exact answer in polynomial time, prior research shows that metaheuristic-based tactics can find correct solutions in a fair amount of time. We use a framework that integrates Neural Network Task Classification (N2TC) and Genetic Algorithm Task Assignment (GATA) for load balancing. By taking load balancing and task completion time into account, this approach seeks to maximize load distribution and reduce process execution time. Extensive simulations of application operations were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested load-balancing strategy. Results have shown that the proposed framework outperforms tournament selection genetic algorithm (TSGA), Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (HEFT), and Performance Effective Task Scheduling (PETS) heuristics in terms of load balancing up to 4.52% and makespan by 6.47%. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Software design and FPGA implementation of optimized medical image fusion techniques

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-31页

作者： Elshazly, E.A. El-Shafai, Walid El-Hoseny, Heba El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M Zahran, O. Abdelwahab, Safey A. S. El-Halawany, M.M. Fikry, R.M. Elaraby, S.M. Faragallah, Osama S. Mohamed, Wael A. Mahmoud, Korany R. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Cairo Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open University 11681 Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information Technology Taif University 11099 Taif21944 Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Benha University Benha Egypt Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Helwan University Helwan Egypt Giza Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Nowadays, medical image fusion plays a crucial role in enhancing the diagnosis accuracy and the clinical decision-making process in various healthcare applications. This research work presents a comprehensive study of the design and implementation of optimized medical image fusion techniques using a combination of software and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies. The proposed medical image fusion strategy is based on the utilization of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Modified Central Force Optimization (MCFO). The implementation of the proposed technique as well as the traditional medical image fusion techniques is considered using an appropriate software design and FPGA. The presented techniques aim to overcome the limitations of traditional fusion techniques by integrating advanced image processing algorithms, optimization algorithms, and parallel computing capabilities offered by FPGA platforms. The first step in the proposed framework is to match the histogram of one of the images with that of the other, so that both images will have the same dynamic range. After that, the DWT is used to decompose the images that should be fused together. Based on some constraints, the MCFO optimization algorithm is used to evaluate the optimum level of decomposition and the optimum parameters for the best fusion quality. Finally, to improve the obtained visual quality and reinforce the information in the fusion result, an additional contrast enhancement step using adaptive histogram equalization is applied to the fusion result. Comparative study between the proposed optimized DWT-based fusion framework, the traditional Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Additive Wavelet Transform (AWT), and DWT-based fusion techniques is presented. Various metrics of fusion quality are considered, including average gradient, standard deviation, local contrast, entropy, edge strength, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Qab/f, and processing time. The proposed optimized DWT-ba

关键词： MATLAB

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Breaking the Interference and Fading Gridlock in Backscatter Communications: State-of-the-Art, Design Challenges, and Future Directions

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IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2025年第2期27卷 870-911页

作者： Gu, Bowen Li, Dong Ding, Haiyang Wang, Gongpu Tellambura, Chintha Macau University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering China National University of Defense Technology College of Information and Communication Wuhan430019 China Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing100044 China University of Alberta Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EdmontonABT6G 2R3 Canada

As the Internet of Things (IoT) advances by leaps and bounds, a multitude of devices are becoming interconnected, marking the onset of an era where everything is connected. While this growth opens up opportunities for novel products and applications, it also leads to increased energy reliance on IoT devices, creating a significant bottleneck that hinders sustainable progress. Backscatter communication (BackCom), as a low-power and passive communication technology, emerges as one of the promising solutions to this energy impasse by reducing the manufacturing cost and energy consumption for IoT devices. However, BackCom systems also face some challenges, such as complex interference environments, including the direct-link interference (DLI) and the mutual interference (MI) between tags, which severely disrupt the efficiency of BackCom networks. Moreover, the double-path fading is another major issue that leads to a degraded system performance. To fully unleash the potential of BackComs, the purpose of this paper is to furnish a comprehensive review of existing solutions with a focus on addressing these challenges, offering an insightful analysis and comparison of various strategies. Specifically, we begin by introducing the preliminaries for BackCom, including its history, operating mechanisms, main architectures, etc., providing a foundational understanding of this field. Then, we delve into fundamental issues related to BackCom systems, such as solutions for the DLI, the MI, and the double-path fading. This paper thoroughly provides state-of-the-art advances for each case, particularly highlighting how the latest innovations in theoretical approaches and system design can strategically address these challenges. Finally, we explore emerging trends and challenges in BackComs by forecasting potential technological advancements and providing insights and guidelines for navigating the intricate landscape of future communication needs in a rapidly evolving IoT ecosystem.

关键词： Internet of things

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