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Secure beamforming and deployment design for rate-splitting multiple access-based UAV communications

Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 342-356页

作者： Bing WANG Xiaofeng TAO Shujun HAN Huici WU Kai YANG Zhu HAN National Engineering Research Center of Mobile Network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Peng Cheng Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston

Rate-splitting multiple access(RSMA) has recently gained attention as a potential robust multiple access(MA)scheme for upcoming wireless networks. Given its ability to efficiently utilize wireless resources and design interference management strategies, it can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) networks to provide convenient services for large-scale access ground users. However, due to the line-of-sight(LoS) broadcast nature of UAV transmission, information is susceptible to eavesdropping in RSMA-based UAV networks. Moreover, the superposition of signals at the receiver in such networks becomes complicated. To cope with the challenge, we propose a two-user multi-input single-output(MISO) RSMA-based UAV secure transmission framework in downlink communication networks. In a passive eavesdropping scenario, our goal is to maximize the sum secrecy rate by optimizing the transmit beamforming and deployment location of the UAV-base station(UAV-BS),while considering quality-of-service(QoS) constraints, maximum transmit power, and flight space limitations. To address the non-convexity of the proposed problem, the optimization problem is first decoupled into two subproblems. Then, the successive convex approximation(SCA) method is employed to solve each subproblem using different propositions. In addition, an alternating optimization(AO)-based location RSMA(L-RSMA) beamforming algorithm is developed to implement joint optimization to obtain the suboptimal solution. Numerical results demonstrate that(1) the proposed L-RSMA scheme yields a28.97% higher sum secrecy rate than the baseline L-space division multiple access(SDMA) scheme;(2) the proposed L-RSMA scheme improves the security performance by 42.61% compared to the L-non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) scheme.

关键词： rate-splitting multiple access UAV communication precoding optimization deployment location physical layer security

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Usability and Security Analysis of the Compare-and-Confirm Method in Mobile Push-Based Two-Factor Authentication

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第6期24卷 4623-4638页

作者： Jubur, Mohammed Saxena, Nitesh Reegu, Faheem A. Jazan University Department of Computer Network Engineering Jazan45142 Saudi Arabia Texas A&M University Department of Computer Science Engineering College StationTX77840 United States

Push-based two-factor authentication (2FA) methods, such as the "Just-Confirm" approach, are popular due to their user-friendly design, requiring users to simply approve or deny a push notification on their mobile device. However, these methods are vulnerable to "concurrency attacks," where an attacker attempts to log in immediately after the legitimate user, causing multiple push notifications that may lead to users inadvertently approving fraudulent access. This vulnerability arises because the login notifications are not uniquely bound to individual login attempts. To address this issue, Push-Compare-and-Confirm 2FA method enhances security by associating each login notification with a unique code displayed on both the authentication terminal and the push notification. Users are required to match these codes before confirming access, thereby binding the notification to a specific login attempt. Recognizing the ubiquity of mobile devices in daily life, we conducted a comprehensive user study with 65 participants to evaluate the usability and security of Push-Compare-and-Confirm. The study considered two scenarios: one where the user’s second-factor device (phone) is physically separate from the authentication terminal (e.g., logging in on a PC and confirming on the phone), and another where the phone serves as both the authentication terminal and the second-factor device. Participants completed 24 login trials, including both benign and attack scenarios, with varying code lengths (four characters and six characters). Our results indicate that while Push-Compare-and-Confirm maintains high usability in benign scenarios, with True Positive Rates (TPR) exceeding 95%, it presents significant challenges in attack detection. Participants correctly identified only about 50% of fraudulent login attempts, indicating a substantial vulnerability remains. These findings suggest that although Push-Compare-and-Confirm enhances security over standard push-based 2FA methods, addit

关键词： Authentication

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Entropy-Bottleneck-Based Privacy Protection Mechanism for Semantic Communication

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2971-2988页

作者： Kaiyang Han Xiaoqiang Jia Yangfei Lin Tsutomu Yoshinaga Yalong Li Jiale Wu School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010051China Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of Electro-CommunicationsChofuTokyo1828585Japan

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things,along with the growing demand for privacy-preserving transmission,the need for efficient and secure communication systems has become increasingly *** communication methods transmit data at the bit level without considering its semantic significance,leading to redundant transmission overhead and reduced *** communication addresses this issue by extracting and transmitting only the mostmeaningful semantic information,thereby improving bandwidth ***,despite reducing the volume of data,it remains vulnerable to privacy risks,as semantic features may still expose sensitive *** address this,we propose an entropy-bottleneck-based privacy protection mechanism for semantic *** approach uses semantic segmentation to partition images into regions of interest(ROI)and regions of non-interest(RONI)based on the receiver’s needs,enabling differentiated semantic *** focusing transmission on ROIs,bandwidth usage is optimized,and non-essential data is *** entropy bottleneck model probabilistically encodes the semantic information into a compact bit stream,reducing correlation between the transmitted content and the original data,thus enhancing privacy *** proposed framework is systematically evaluated in terms of compression efficiency,semantic fidelity,and privacy *** comparative experiments with traditional and state-of-the-art methods,we demonstrate that the approach significantly reduces data transmission,maintains the quality of semantically important regions,and ensures robust privacy protection.

关键词： Semantic communication privacy protection semantic segmentation entropy-based compression

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Blockchain-based knowledge-aware semantic communications for remote driving image transmission

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Digital Communications and networks 2025年第2期11卷 317-325页

作者： Yangfei Lin Tutomu Murase Yusheng Ji Wugedele Bao Lei Zhong Jie Li Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of Electro-Communications Information Technology Center Nagoya University National Institute of Informatics(NII) Hohhot Minzu College Toyota Motor Corporation Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University

Remote driving, an emergent technology enabling remote operations of vehicles, presents a significant challenge in transmitting large volumes of image data to a central server. This requirement outpaces the capacity of traditional communication methods. To tackle this, we propose a novel framework using semantic communications, through a region of interest semantic segmentation method, to reduce the communication costs by transmitting meaningful semantic information rather than bit-wise data. To solve the knowledge base inconsistencies inherent in semantic communications, we introduce a blockchain-based edge-assisted system for managing diverse and geographically varied semantic segmentation knowledge bases. This system not only ensures the security of data through the tamper-resistant nature of blockchain but also leverages edge computing for efficient management. Additionally, the implementation of blockchain sharding handles differentiated knowledge bases for various tasks, thus boosting overall blockchain efficiency. Experimental results show a great reduction in latency by sharding and an increase in model accuracy, confirming our framework's effectiveness.

关键词： Semantic communication Remote driving Semantic segmentation Blockchain Knowledge base management

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Optimized Resource Allocation in Vehicle Edge Computing through Platoon Collaboration

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16129-16141页

作者： Zhao, Liang Feng, Yuhang Hawbani, Ammar Xu, Lexi Liu, Zhi Bi, Yuanguo Shenyang Aerospace University School of Computer Science Shenyang110136 China China Unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Research Institute Beijing100048 China University of Electro-Communications Department of Computer and Network Engineering Japan Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China

In modern vehicular networks, the absence of infrastructure support such as Roadside Units (RSUs) presents significant challenges for efficient task offloading and allocation. Limited computational capabilities of individual vehicles, combined with task allocation imbalances caused by varying task complexity and vehicle capacities, further complicate the process. Additionally, the formation of vehicular platoons requires accurate future route and destination information to ensure stable collaboration and effective coordination. However, such information can be challenging to obtain due to dynamic and unpredictable road environments, hindering the reliability of platoon formation. To address these challenges, we propose a platoon-based offloading strategy that integrates Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to enhance task allocation efficiency. This approach also leverages the Convoy Formation Algorithm considering Future Positions (CFA-FP) to manage platoon constraints effectively. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly improves key performance metrics, including total computation cost, latency, and offloading success rate, compared to other task offloading strategies. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Predicting from a Different Perspective: A Re-ranking Model for Inductive Knowledge Graph Completion 21st

Predicting from a Different Perspective: A Re-ranking Mode...

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21st Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2024

作者： Iwamoto, Yuki Kaneiwa, Ken Department of Computer Network Engineering Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819601240

Rule-induction models have demonstrated great power in the inductive setting of knowledge graph completion. In this setting, the models are tested on a knowledge graph entirely composed of unseen entities. These models learn relation patterns as rules by utilizing subgraphs. Providing the same inputs with different rules leads to differences in the model’s predictions. In this paper, we focus on the behavior of such models. We propose a re-ranking-based model called ReDistLP (Re-ranking with a Distinct Model for Link Prediction). This model enhances the effectiveness of re-ranking by leveraging the difference in the predictions between the initial retriever and the re-ranker. ReDistLP outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in 2 out of 3 benchmarks. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Baby Suffocation Prediction System 2

Baby Suffocation Prediction System

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2nd International Conference on Advanced Innovations in Smart Cities, ICAISC 2025

作者： Atwah, Rasha Jamal Alharthi, Mashael Alharbi, Lamees Bashnini, Jana Al-Sharif, Nujoud College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Department of Computer and Network Engineering Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506995

The number of suffocation cases among babies during their sleeping is increased due to the presence of blankets and sheets. Therefore, it is crucial to have a reliable system that can monitor babies during bedtime. In order to ensure the safety of children, we have developed an AI-based comprehensive smart system that provides real-time monitoring to predict suffocation incidents as soon as possible. The proposed system offers babies protection by promoting suffocation prediction within an appropriate time frame. The system is built based on the BlazeFace detection model to monitor the baby and send notifications and sound alarms if the baby's face is covered or missing for a certain amount of time. The notification is sent through the mobile application to alert the baby's parents or caregivers if there is a suffocation case that may occur. Additionally, an audible alarm is activated to grab the attention of the child's parents or caregivers and ensure quick intervention. We conducted an experiment to assess the system's effectiveness, and the prototype shows adequate accuracy and quick response. There is still space for further development, which we suggest as future work. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Interactive computer systems

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Smart Visual Pollution Detection System 2

Smart Visual Pollution Detection System

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2nd International Conference on Advanced Innovations in Smart Cities, ICAISC 2025

作者： Alsolami, Rothana Atwah, Rasha Alajlani, Ranad Alhajaili, Sara College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Department of Computer and Network Engineering Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506995

As Saudi Arabia moves forward with its Vision 2030 initiative to improve the quality of life and services for its people, visual pollution continues to have a negative impact on the environment. However, assessing and addressing visual pollution in cities remains a challenging task due to its subjective nature and complexity. One of the main challenges is the lack of powerful and reliable intelligent systems for detecting visual pollution. To tackle this issue, we have invested our efforts in developing a cost-effective intelligent system using advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and computer vision. This system will help detect and monitor visual pollution, including items such as water cans, paper, and plastic cups. Our smart system uses sensors like cameras to collect data and then analyzes it to display the information on a user-friendly control panel for administrators to monitor the area under study. The system has been successfully tested under various scenarios and has shown promising accuracy rates, reaching up to 87% in detecting recyclable materials. We believe that there are numerous opportunities to further enhance the performance of future designs. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Detection Internet of Things (IoT) Smart Cities Visual Pollution

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Coded Beam Training for RIS-Assisted Wireless Communications

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年第5期24卷 3854-3867页

作者： Chen, Yuhao Dai, Linglong Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CambridgeMA02139 United States

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is considered as one of the key technologies for future 6G communications. To fully unleash the performance of RIS, accurate channel state information (CSI) is crucial. Beam training is widely utilized to acquire the CSI. However, before aligning the beam correctly to establish stable connections, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at UE is inevitably low, which reduces the beam training accuracy. To deal with this problem, we exploit the coded beam training framework for RIS systems, which leverages the error correction capability of channel coding to improve the beam training accuracy under low SNR. Specifically, we first extend the coded beam training framework to RIS systems by decoupling the base station-RIS channel and the RIS-user channel. For this framework, codewords that accurately steer to multiple angles is essential for fully unleashing the error correction capability. In order to realize effective codeword design in RIS systems, we then propose a new codeword design criterion, based on which we propose a relaxed Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) based codeword design scheme by considering the constant modulus constraints of RIS elements. In addition, considering the two dimensional structure of RIS, we further propose a dimension reduced encoder design scheme, which can not only guarentee a better beam shape, but also enable a stronger error correction capability. Simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme can realize effective and accurate beam training in low SNR scenarios. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Error correction

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A Base Station Deployment Algorithm for Wireless Positioning Considering Dynamic Obstacles

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 4573-4591页

作者： Aiguo Li Yunfei Jia Department of Network Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710600China College of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710600China

In the context of security systems,adequate signal coverage is paramount for the communication between security personnel and the accurate positioning of *** studies focus on optimizing base station deployment under the assumption of static obstacles,aiming to maximize the perception coverage of wireless RF(Radio Frequency)signals and reduce positioning blind ***,in practical security systems,obstacles are subject to change,necessitating the consideration of base station deployment in dynamic ***,research in this area still needs to be *** paper proposes a Dynamic Indoor Environment Beacon Deployment Algorithm(DIE-BDA)to address this *** algorithm considers the dynamic alterations in obstacle locations within the designated *** determines the requisite number of base stations,the requisite time,and the area’s practical and overall signal coverage *** experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can calculate the deployment strategy in 0.12 s following a change in obstacle *** results show that the algorithm in this paper requires 0.12 s to compute the deployment strategy after the positions of obstacles *** 13 base stations,it achieves an effective coverage rate of 93.5%and an overall coverage rate of 97.75%.The algorithm can rapidly compute a revised deployment strategy in response to changes in obstacle positions within security systems,thereby ensuring the efficacy of signal coverage.

关键词： Wireless positioning base station deployment dynamic obstacles dynamic obstacle wireless positioning

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