It is common for only partial relevance judgments to be used when comparing retrieval system effectiveness, in order to control experimental cost. Using TREC data, we consider the uncertainty introduced into per-topic...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781921426803
It is common for only partial relevance judgments to be used when comparing retrieval system effectiveness, in order to control experimental cost. Using TREC data, we consider the uncertainty introduced into per-topic effectiveness scores by pooled judgments, and measure the effect that incomplete evidence has on both the systems scores that are generated, and also on the quality of paired system comparisons. We measure system behavior from three different points of view: the trend in effectiveness scores;the separability of system pairs;and the number of reversals in significance outcomes as the depth of judgments increases. Our results show that when shallow pooled judgments are used system separability remains relatively high, but that there is also a high rate of significance reversal. We then show that explicitly adjusting effectiveness scores to allow for the known amount of uncertainty gives a reduced number of reversals, and hence more consistent experimental outcomes.
Complex technical systems, such as mechatronic systems, can exploit networking as well as the computational power available today to achieve an automatic improvement of the technical system performance at run-time thr...
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Information about which statements in a concurrent program may happen in parallel (MHP) has a number of important applications. It can be used in program optimization, debugging, program understanding tools, improving...
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Real-time collaborative programming has attracted increasing attention and interest in recent years. To resolve the semantic conflict problem in real-time collaborative programming, a Dependency-based Automatic Lockin...
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It is highly desired to detect the DDoS flooding attacks at an early stage in order to launch effective countermeasures timely. We have developed a distributed change-point detection scheme to detect flooding type DDo...
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Green computing has become an important subject due to global warming caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. While green computing is an active research area, it is still of infancy in computer science (CS) educ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605588209
Green computing has become an important subject due to global warming caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. While green computing is an active research area, it is still of infancy in computer science (CS) education. In this regard, we propose to bring green computing into CS capstone curriculum. This integration culminates in a portable and affordable platform, a portable Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in a Box (WinBox) with emerging ZigBee wireless technology. Both instructors and students benefit from this innovation. It allows an instructor to sponsor a realistic, significant, and feasible semester-long project. It provides students a challenge to integrate their learnt principles and theories to analyze, design, implement a productoriented project creatively. Students are well prepared for the professional workforce by gaining hands-on experience from developing a real-world product. Our publicly accessible "learning by doing" pedagogical model promotes lifelong learning. Copyright 2010 ACM.
Smooth decomposable negation normal form (s-DNNF) circuits are a compact form of representing many Boolean functions, that permit linear time satisfiability checking. Given a constraint defined by an s-DNNF circuit, w...
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In Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks(WMSNs),nodes capable of retrieving video,audio,images,and small scale sensor data,tend to generate immense traffic of various *** energy-efficient transmission of such a vast amo...
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In Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks(WMSNs),nodes capable of retrieving video,audio,images,and small scale sensor data,tend to generate immense traffic of various *** energy-efficient transmission of such a vast amount of heterogeneous multimedia content while simultaneously ensuring the quality of service and optimal energy consumption is ***,we propose a Power-Efficient Wireless Multimedia of Things(PE-WMoT),a robust and energy-efficient cluster-based mechanism to improve the overall lifetime of *** a PE-WMoT,nodes declare themselves Cluster Heads(CHs)based on available *** cluster formation and CH declaration processes are completed,the Sub-Cluster(SC)formation process triggers,in which application base nodes within close vicinity of each other organize themselves under the administration of a Sub-Cluster Head(SCH).The SCH gathers data from member nodes,removes redundancies,and forwards miniaturized data to its respective ***-WMoT adopts a fuzzy-based technique named the analytical hierarchical process,which enables CHs to select an optimal SCH among available SCs.A PE-WMoT also devises a robust scheduling mechanism between CH,SCH,and child nodes to enable collision-free data *** results revealed that a PE-WMoT significantly reduces the number of redundant packet transmissions,improves energy consumption of the network,and effectively increases network throughput.
Rice stripe virus（RSV） often causes severe rice yield loss in temperate regions of East Asia. Although the correlation of small interfering RNAs（si RNAs） with transgenic virus resistance of plants using RNA interf...
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Rice stripe virus（RSV） often causes severe rice yield loss in temperate regions of East Asia. Although the correlation of small interfering RNAs（si RNAs） with transgenic virus resistance of plants using RNA interference（RNAi） is known for decades, no systematical research has been done on the profiling of si RNAs from a genomic scale. Our research is aiming to systematically study the RNAi impact in RSV-resistant transgenic rice, which was generated by introducing an inverted repeat construct that targets RSV nucleocapsid protein（NCP） gene. In this paper, three independent RSV-retsistant transgenic rice lines were generated, their stable integration of the T-DNA fragment and the expression of si RNAs were confirmed by Southern blotting and Northern blotting analyses, and the majority of si RNAs were in lengths of 21, 22, and 24 nucleotides（nt）, which have validated a connection between the presence of the RSV NCP homologous si RNAs and the RSV resistance in those transgenic rice lines. In one of these transgenic lines（T4-B1）, the T-DNA fragment was found to have been inserted at chromosome 1 of the rice genome, substituting the rice genome fragment from 32 158 773 to 32 158 787 nt. Bioinformatics analysis of small RNA-Seq data on the T4-B1 line also confirmed the large population of NCP-derived si RNAs in transgenic plants, and the RSV-infected library（T4-B1-V） possessed more si RNAs than its mock inoculated libraries（T4-B1-VF）, these results indicating the inverted repeat construct and RSV could introduce abundance of si RNAs in transgenic rice. Moreover, a varied expression level of specific si RNAs was found among different segments of the NCP gene template, about 47% of NCP-derived si RNAs reads aligned with the fragment from 594 to 832 nt（239 nt in length） in NCP gene（969 nt in length） in the T4-B1-V, indicating a potential usage of hotspot regions for RNAi silencing in future research. In conclusion, as the first study to address the si RNA profile in RSV-resi
Remote keyless entry (RKE) systems have become a standard feature in modern vehicles, offering the convenience of wireless control. However, this convenience is accompanied by significant security vulnerabilities, par...
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