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Green Drug Supply Chain Investigation by Time-Market Balance and Risk

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第3期13卷 611-631页

作者： Mahmoudreza Entezami Hossein Havaeji Computer Science and Software Engineering Department Concordia University Montreal Canada Mechanical Engineering Department école de Technologie Supérieure Montreal Canada

The quality of pharmaceutical products plays a crucial role in healthcare systems such as hospitals for better patient services. Drug Supply Chain Management requires approaches to uncertainty and risk consideration. This study is a comprehensive multi-objective mathematical model considering the uncertainties and potential reserves in supply and medicine. The proposed model includes three general objective functions that minimize total production costs, including the costs of transportation, maintenance, breakdown, collection, and disposal of waste. The model also maximizes the quality of potential storage. The results show the proposed method has a high quality to solve the model and leads to the optimization of the results to provide the drug supply chain for the proposed example. We have identified three important risks and uncertainties in addressing drug supply planning: the indefinite duration of the licensing process, the risk of a forced brand change, and indefinite repayment levels that lead to varied demand diversification. The results of comparison with other multi-objective optimization methods in existing articles also show better performance of the proposed model. A significant cost reduction results from implementing our model instead of using the over-storage role to estimate the volume of active drug elements, as seen in today’s industry.

关键词： Market Supply Planning New Product Introduction Two-Stage Variable Planning Regulation Affairs

Analyze, Debug, Optimize: Real-Time Tracing for Perception and Mapping Systems in ROS 2

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lajoie, Pierre-Yves Bédard, Christophe Beltrame, Giovanni Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montréal Montreal Canada

Perception and mapping systems are among the most computationally, memory, and bandwidth intensive software components in robotics. Therefore, analysis, debugging, and optimization are crucial to improve perception systems performance in real-time applications. However, standard approaches often depict a partial picture of the actual performance. Fortunately, instrumentation and tracing offer a great opportunity for detailed performance analysis of real-time systems. In this paper, we show how our novel open-source tracing tools and techniques for ROS 2 enable us to identify delays, bottlenecks and critical paths inside centralized, or distributed, perception and mapping systems. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Real time systems

Self-Supervised Domain Calibration and Uncertainty Estimation for Place Recognition

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lajoie, Pierre-Yves Beltrame, Giovanni Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montréal Montreal Canada

Visual place recognition techniques based on deep learning, which have imposed themselves as the state-of-the-art in recent years, do not generalize well to environments visually different from the training set. Thus, to achieve top performance, it is sometimes necessary to fine-tune the networks to the target environment. To this end, we propose a self-supervised domain calibration procedure based on robust pose graph optimization from Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) as the supervision signal without requiring GPS or manual labeling. Moreover, we leverage the procedure to improve uncertainty estimation for place recognition matches which is important in safety critical applications. We show that our approach can improve the performance of a state-of-the-art technique on a target environment dissimilar from its training set and that we can obtain uncertainty estimates. We believe that this approach will help practitioners to deploy robust place recognition solutions in real-world applications. Our code is available publicly: https://***/MISTLab/vpr-calibration-and-uncertainty. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calibration

Transformer-Based Human Action Recognition with Dynamic Feature Selection

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Transformer-Based Human Action Recognition with Dynamic Feat...

Canadian Conference on computer and Robot Vision, CRV

作者： Soufiane Lamghari Guillaume-Alexandre Bilodeau Nicolas Saunier Dept. of Computer and Software Engineering LITIV Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada Dept. of Civil Geological and Mining Eng. Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada

Human action recognition in videos is an important task of computer vision that aims to automatically recognize and classify human actions in video sequences. However, accurately recognizing human actions can be challenging due to the complexity and variability of human motion and appearance. In this paper, we propose ActiViT, a novel approach for human action recognition in videos based on a Transformer architecture. Unlike existing methods that rely on convolutional or recurrent layers, our model is entirely based on the Transformer encoder, enabling us to leverage valuable information in action image patches features. We demonstrate that by dynamically selecting key patches guided by specific human poses, our model learns informative features useful for distinguishing between different actions. Our experimental results on real-world datasets convincingly demonstrate the effectiveness of our model and the importance of selecting discriminative key poses for action recognition.

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Opportunities and Security Risks of Technical Leverage: A Replication Study on the NPM Ecosystem

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Samaana, Haya Costa, Diego Elias Abdellatif, Ahmad Shihab, Emad Department of Computer Engineering An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada Department of Electrical & Software Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Canada

To comply with high productivity demands, software developers reuse free open-source software (FOSS) code to avoid reinventing the wheel when incorporating software features. The reliance on FOSS reuse has been shown to improve productivity and the quality of delivered software;however, reusing FOSS comes at the risk of exposing software projects to public vulnerabilities. Massacci and Pashchenko have explored this trade-off in the Java ecosystem through the lens of technical leverage: the ratio of code borrowed from FOSS over the code developed by project maintainers. In this paper, we replicate the work of Massacci and Pashchenko and we expand the analysis to include level-1 transitive dependencies to study technical leverage in the fastest-growing NPM ecosystem. We investigated 14,042 NPM library releases and found that both opportunities and risks of technical leverage are magnified in the NPM ecosystem. Small-medium libraries leverage 2.5x more code from FOSS than their code, while large libraries leverage only 3% of FOSS code in their projects. Our models indicate that technical leverage shortens the release cycle for small-medium libraries. However, the risk of vulnerability exposure is 4-7x higher for libraries with high technical leverage. We also expanded our replication study to include the first level of transitive dependencies, and show that the results still hold, albeit with significant changes in the magnitude of both opportunities and risks of technical leverage. Our results indicate the extremes of opportunities and risks in NPM, where high technical leverage enables fast releases but comes at the cost of security risks. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer software reusability

Turning to Information Theory to Bring in-Memory Computing into Practice

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IEEE BITS the Information Theory Magazine

IEEE BITS the Information Theory Magazine 2023年第3期3卷 64-77页

作者： Dupraz, Elsa Leduc-Primeau, Francois Cai, Kui Dolecek, Lara Lab-STICC UMR CNRS IMT Atlantique Brest29238 France Polytechnique Montreal Department of Electrical Engineering MontrealQCH3T 1J4 Canada Singapore University of Technology and Design Science Mathematics and Technology Cluster Singapore487372 Singapore UCLA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Los AngelesCA90095 United States

This article explores the emerging field of in-memory computing, which has the potential to significantly improve energy efficiency in many signal processing and machine learning applications. In-memory computing systems are impacted by various sources of noise and perturbations that can affect their computation accuracy. Therefore, this article aims to identify the key challenges to be addressed from an information-theoretic point of view in this area. It first identifies relevant computation structures and noise models from the literature of hardware implementation, and then reviews existing works in information theory and error-correction for in-memory computing. Finally, it identifies key open avenues for establishing information-theoretic foundations of in-memory computing systems, and for providing insightful design rules leading to highly energy-efficient computing systems. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Error correction

Dependency Practices for Vulnerability Mitigation

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Jafari, Abbas Javan Costa, Diego Elias Abdellatif, Ahmad Shihab, Emad Lab The Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada

Relying on dependency packages accelerates software development, but it also increases the exposure to security vulnerabilities that may be present in dependencies. While developers have full control over which dependency packages (and which version) they use, they have no control over the dependencies of their dependencies. Such transitive dependencies, which often amount to a greater number than direct dependencies, can become infected with vulnerabilities and put software projects at risk. To mitigate this risk, Practitioners need to select dependencies that respond quickly to vulnerabilities to prevent the propagation of vulnerable code to their project. To identify such dependencies, we analyze more than 450 vulnerabilities in the npm ecosystem to understand why dependent packages remain vulnerable. We identify over 200,000 npm packages that are infected through their dependencies and use 9 features to build a prediction model that identifies packages that quickly adopt the vulnerability fix and prevent further propagation of vulnerabilities. We also study the relationship between these features and the response speed of vulnerable packages. We complement our work with a practitioner survey to understand the applicability of our findings. Developers can incorporate our findings into their dependency management practices to mitigate the impact of vulnerabilities from their dependency supply chain. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ecosystems

A Graph-Based Customizable Handover Framework for LEO Satellite Networks

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A Graph-Based Customizable Handover Framework for LEO Satell...

2022 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, GC Wkshps 2022

作者： Hozayen, Mohamed Darwish, Tasneem Kurt, Gunes Karabulut Yanikomeroglu, Halim Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaON Canada Polytechnique Montréal Poly-Grames Research Center Department of Electrical Engineering MontrealQC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665459754

Future satellite networks are expected to have thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites orbiting Earth at very high speeds. User equipment (UE) communicating directly with LEO satellites will experience frequent handovers. Managing the handover process is complicated due to the high frequency of handovers and the availability of multiple LEO satellites as handover targets. In addition, as the status of the communication link between a UE and an LEO satellite varies in accordance with the visibility period of the satellite, initiating handovers at the right time will significantly affect the quality of service (QoS) of the communication provided. To address this problem, this work proposes a graph-based customizable handover framework that considers both the handover timing and target while selecting a handover sequence that maintains QoS. A time-based graph is designed where the vertices represent the satellites' instances over a certain period of time and the edges' weights are the customizable handover criteria (i.e., data rate and delay in this work). The appropriate sequence and timing of handovers that fulfill the required QoS are obtained by finding the shortest path in the graph. Discussion and simulations, which were conducted on the Starlink Phase I constellation, show the low complexity and performance advantages of the proposed handover framework. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

There Is More to Dwell Than Meets the Eye: Toward Better Gaze-Based Text Entry Systems With Multi-Threshold Dwell 25

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There Is More to Dwell Than Meets the Eye: Toward Better Gaz...

2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025

作者： Mutasim, Aunnoy K Bashar, Mohammad Raihanul Lutteroth, Christof Batmaz, Anil Ufuk Stuerzlinger, Wolfgang Simon Fraser University VancouverBC Canada Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering Concordia University MontrealQC Canada Computer Science University of Bath Bath United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713941

Dwell-based text entry seems to peak at 20 words per minute (WPM). Yet, little is known about the factors contributing to this limit, except that it requires extensive training. Thus, we conducted a longitudinal study, broke the overall dwell-based selection time into six different components, and identified several design challenges and opportunities. Subsequently, we designed two novel dwell keyboards that use multiple yet much shorter dwell thresholds: Dual-Threshold Dwell (DTD) and Multi-Threshold Dwell (MTD). The performance analysis showed that MTD (18.3 WPM) outperformed both DTD (15.3 WPM) and the conventional Constant-Threshold Dwell (12.9 WPM). Notably, absolute novices achieved these speeds within just 30 phrases. Moreover, MTD's performance is also the fastest-ever reported average text entry speed for gaze-based keyboards. Finally, we discuss how our chosen parameters can be further optimized to pave the way toward more efficient dwell-based text entry. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Text Entry