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Human Emotions Classification Using EEG via Audiovisual Stimuli and AI

computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5075-5089页

作者： Abdullah A Asiri Akhtar Badshah Fazal Muhammad Hassan A Alshamrani Khalil Ullah Khalaf A Alshamrani Samar Alqhtani Muhammad Irfan Hanan Talal Halawani Khlood M Mehdar Radiological Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan Department of Software Engineering University of MalakandDir LowerPakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of EngineeringNajran University Saudi ArabiaNajran61441Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran University Saudi ArabiaNajran61441Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Anatomy Department Medicine CollegeNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia

Electroencephalogram(EEG)is a medical imaging technology that can measure the electrical activity of the scalp produced by the brain,measured and recorded chronologically the surface of the scalp from the *** recorded signals from the brain are rich with useful *** inference of this useful information is a challenging *** paper aims to process the EEG signals for the recognition of human emotions specifically happiness,anger,fear,sadness,and surprise in response to audiovisual *** EEG signals are recorded by placing neurosky mindwave headset on the subject’s scalp,in response to audiovisual stimuli for the mentioned *** a bandpass filter with a bandwidth of 1-100 Hz,recorded raw EEG signals are *** preprocessed signals then further analyzed and twelve selected features in different domains are *** Random forest(RF)and multilayer perceptron(MLP)algorithms are then used for the classification of the emotions through extracted *** proposed audiovisual stimuli based EEG emotion classification system shows an average classification accuracy of 80%and 88%usingMLP and RF classifiers respectively on hybrid features for experimental signals of different *** proposed model outperforms in terms of cost and accuracy.

关键词： Electroencephalography emotion classification signal processing multilayer perceptron random forest

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Unveiling Memorization in Code Models 24

Unveiling Memorization in Code Models

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44th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software engineering, ICSE 2024

作者： Yang, Zhou Zhao, Zhipeng Wang, Chenyu Shi, Jieke Kim, Dongsun Han, Donggyun Lo, David School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore University of Copenhagen Department of Computer Science Copenhagen Denmark School of Computer Science and Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea Republic of Royal Holloway University of London Department of Computer Science London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702174

The availability of large-scale datasets, advanced architectures, and powerful computational resources have led to effective code models that automate diverse software engineering activities. The datasets usually consist of billions of lines of code from both open-source and private repositories. A code model memorizes and produces source code verbatim, which potentially contains vulnerabilities, sensitive information, or code with strict licenses, leading to potential security and privacy issues. This paper investigates an important problem: to what extent do code models memorize their training data? We conduct an empirical study to explore memorization in large pre-trained code models. Our study highlights that simply extracting 20,000 outputs (each having 512 tokens) from a code model can produce over 40,125 code snippets that are memorized from the training data. To provide a better understanding, we build a taxonomy of memorized contents with 3 categories and 14 subcategories. The results show that the prompts sent to the code models affect the distribution of memorized contents. We identify several key factors of memorization. Specifically, given the same architecture, larger models suffer more from memorization problem. A code model produces more memorization when it is allowed to generate longer outputs. We also find a strong positive correlation between the number of an output's occurrences in the training data and that in the generated outputs, which indicates that a potential way to reduce memorization is to remove duplicates in the training data. We then identify effective metrics that infer whether an output contains memorization accurately. We also make suggestions to deal with memorization. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Open source software

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Innovative Approaches to Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments Using an Advanced Willow Catkin Optimization Algorithm

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2495-2520页

作者： Jeng-Shyang Pan Na Yu Shu-Chuan Chu An-Ning Zhang Bin Yan Junzo Watada College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of TechnologyTaichung41349Taiwan College of Electronics Communication and PhysicsShandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China Graduate School of Information Production and SystemsWaseda UniversityKitakyushu808-0135Japan

The widespread adoption of cloud computing has underscored the critical importance of efficient resource allocation and management, particularly in task scheduling, which involves assigning tasks to computing resources for optimized resource utilization. Several meta-heuristic algorithms have shown effectiveness in task scheduling, among which the relatively recent Willow Catkin Optimization (WCO) algorithm has demonstrated potential, albeit with apparent needs for enhanced global search capability and convergence speed. To address these limitations of WCO in cloud computing task scheduling, this paper introduces an improved version termed the Advanced Willow Catkin Optimization (AWCO) algorithm. AWCO enhances the algorithm’s performance by augmenting its global search capability through a quasi-opposition-based learning strategy and accelerating its convergence speed via sinusoidal mapping. A comprehensive evaluation utilizing the CEC2014 benchmark suite, comprising 30 test functions, demonstrates that AWCO achieves superior optimization outcomes, surpassing conventional WCO and a range of established meta-heuristics. The proposed algorithm also considers trade-offs among the cost, makespan, and load balancing objectives. Experimental results of AWCO are compared with those obtained using the other meta-heuristics, illustrating that the proposed algorithm provides superior performance in task scheduling. The method offers a robust foundation for enhancing the utilization of cloud computing resources in the domain of task scheduling within a cloud computing environment.

关键词： Willow catkin optimization algorithm cloud computing task scheduling opposition-based learning strategy

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Facial Image-Based Autism Detection:A Comparative Study of Deep Neural Network Classifiers

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 105-126页

作者： Tayyaba Farhat Sheeraz Akram Hatoon SAlSagri Zulfiqar Ali Awais Ahmad Arfan Jaffar Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology The Superior UniversityLahore54600Pakistan Intelligent Data Visual Computing Research(IDVCR) Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyThe Superior UniversityLahore54600Pakistan Information Systems Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh12571Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering(CSEE) University of EssexWivenhoe ParkColchesterCO43SQUK

Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant challenges in social interaction,communication,and repetitive *** and precise ASD detection is crucial,particularly in regions with limited diagnostic resources like *** study aims to conduct an extensive comparative analysis of various machine learning classifiers for ASD detection using facial images to identify an accurate and cost-effective solution tailored to the local *** research involves experimentation with VGG16 and MobileNet models,exploring different batch sizes,optimizers,and learning rate *** addition,the“Orange”machine learning tool is employed to evaluate classifier performance and automated image processing capabilities are utilized within the *** findings unequivocally establish VGG16 as the most effective classifier with a 5-fold cross-validation ***,VGG16,with a batch size of 2 and the Adam optimizer,trained for 100 epochs,achieves a remarkable validation accuracy of 99% and a testing accuracy of 87%.Furthermore,the model achieves an F1 score of 88%,precision of 85%,and recall of 90% on test *** validate the practical applicability of the VGG16 model with 5-fold cross-validation,the study conducts further testing on a dataset sourced fromautism centers in Pakistan,resulting in an accuracy rate of 85%.This reaffirms the model’s suitability for real-world ASD *** research offers valuable insights into classifier performance,emphasizing the potential of machine learning to deliver precise and accessible ASD diagnoses via facial image analysis.

关键词： Autism Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) disease segmentation features optimization deep learning models facial images classification

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Bilateral Coupled Epsilon Negative Metamaterial for Dual Band Wireless Communications

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1263-1281页

作者： Md Mhedi Hasan Mohammad Tariqul Islam Md Moniruzzaman Mohd Hafiz Uddin Norsuzlin Binti Mohd Sahar Md Samsuzzaman Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaSelangor43600Malaysia Space Science Centre Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaSelangor43600Malaysia Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and EngineeringPatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhali8602Bangladesh

This work presents a dual band epsilon negative(ENG)metamaterial with a bilateral coupled split ring resonator(SRR)for use in C and X band wireless communication *** traditional split-ring resonator(SRR)has been amended with this engineered *** proposed metamaterial unit cell is realized on the 1.6 mm thick FR-4 printed media with a dimension of 10×10 *** resonating patch built with a square split outer *** interlinked inner rings are coupled vertically to the outer ring to extend its electrical length as well as to tune the resonance *** simulation is performed using CST studio suite 2019 to design and performance *** transmission coefficient(S21)of the proposed unit cell and array configuration exhibits two resonances at 6.7 and 10.5 GHz with wide bandwidth extended from 4.86 to 8.06 GHz and 10.1 to 11.2 GHz,*** permittivity is noted at frequencies between 6.76–9.5 GHz and 10.5–12 GHz,consecutively,with near-zero refractive index and *** optimal EMR value depicts the compactness of the proposed *** 1×2,2×2 and 4×4 arrays are analyzed that shows similar response compared to the unit *** results of the 2×2 array shows the close similarity of S21 response as compared to *** observed properties of the proposed unit cell ascertain its suitability for wireless communications by enhancing the gain and directivity of the antenna system.

关键词： Metamaterial epsilon negative near-zero index split ring resonator wireless communications

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A Hybrid Model to Predict the Breast Cancer using Stacking and Bagging Model 3

A Hybrid Model to Predict the Breast Cancer using Stacking a...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications, ICMNWC 2023

作者： Yuvalatha, S. Nithyapriya, S. Prabhavathy, S. Priyadharshini, R. Savitha, S. Kayathri, S. Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Sathyamangalam India Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Sathyamangalam India Christ the King Engineering College Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Coimbatore India Sri Ranganathar Institute of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India PSR Engineering College Department of Computer and Science and Engineering Sivakasi India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317022

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the cells of the breast tissue. Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death for women globally. In the examination of medical data, breast cancer prediction is a difficult task. To make decisions and accurately distinguish between benign and malignant tumors, physicians and pathologists need certain automated technologies. In this paper, hybrid ensemble technique (Bagging and Stacking) is used to predict the breast tumors as benign and malignant tumors. In the proposed work, the subset of data is created from the initial Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Data Set by bootstrapping technique. Each bootstrap dataset is used to train the weak learner. The weak learners are K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The Logistic Regression (LR) is used as the Meta Learner. The Meta Learner uses the predictions of weak learners as its training data. The proposed hybrid ensemble model obtains an accuracy 98.7%, Precision 98.83%, Recall 98.54%, F1 Score 98.68% and 0.012% error. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Bagging Bootstrapping Ensemble Malignant Meta Learner Stacking

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Deep Learning Approach for Automated Skin Disease Diagnosis 1

Deep Learning Approach for Automated Skin Disease Diagnosis

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1st International Conference on Innovations in Communications, Electrical and computer engineering, ICICEC 2024

作者： Prashanth, B.S. Puneeth, B.H. Manoj Kumar, M.V. Bhavana, R.K. Arshitha, K. Santhosh, S. Puneeth, S.P. Sneha, H.R. Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Department of Information Science & Engineering Karnataka Bangalore560064 India Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Karnataka Davanagere577004 India Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Information Science and Engineering Karnataka Davanagere577004 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376517

Skin diseases has been a significant challenge in healthcare, necessitating accurate and timely diagnosis for effective treatment. This paper presents research on the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the categorization of skin illnesses. CNNs are a viable tool for automated skin disease detection since they successfully leverage the deep learning capabilities in image-based tasks. The research begins with a detailed review of existing methodologies and datasets in the domain of skin disease classification. Subsequently, we propose a novel CNN architecture tailored to address the unique challenges posed by dermatological images, such as variability in lesion size, color, and texture. The proposed model is trained and evaluated on a diverse and extensive dataset, ensuring its robustness and generalization capabilities across various skin conditions. The study delves into the interpretability of the CNN model, providing insights into the features learned during the training process. This analysis contributes to the understanding of how deep learning models make decisions in the context of dermatological diagnosis, enhancing the trustworthiness and acceptance of such automated systems in clinical settings. Furthermore, the paper investigates the impact of data augmentation techniques on model performance, addressing the scarcity of labeled dermatological datasets. By increasing the training data, we explore strategies to improve the model's ability to generalize to unseen cases, thereby enhancing its practical utility. Experimental results are presented and compared with state-of-the-art approaches, proving the viability of the suggested CNN architecture. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Leveraging Instruction-based Learning for Effective UAV Traffic Management in Dynamic Environment

Leveraging Instruction-based Learning for Effective UAV Traf...

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Ramya, R.S. Daniel, Keren Lois Rajkumar, S. Madhavan, Sruthi S. Akshya, J. Choudhry, Mani Deepak Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India KGiSL Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Coimbatore India Sona College of Technology Department of Information Technology Salem India Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Coimbatore India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computational Intelligence Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

With the popularization of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in surveillance, delivery services, environmental monitoring, and increasingly other operational aspects, besides the need to take off and land, efficient traffic management becomes integral for assuring and securing further development and exploitation. Most of the existing traffic management systems for UAVs depend on traditional rule-based algorithms or simpler machine learning techniques, such as DQN or PPO. However, these systems also have enormous challenges: dynamic environments, high-density traffic, and robust decision-making over unpredictable weather and network conditions. In addition, the above traditional models usually experience difficulties in balancing exploration and exploitation, leading to suboptimal routing and enlarged collision risks in complicated urban airspaces. These challenges have driven us to develop a new proposal: a UA V traffic management framework based on Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) combined with Instruction-Based Learning. In this approach, advanced learning for DDQN optimizes processes at decision-making points for UAVs. The model proposed herein, along with comprehensive simulations and quantitative analyses, demonstrated higher performance in terms of leadership and cumulative rewards while keeping lower training loss compared to the classical algorithms such as DQN, A3C, and PPO. At the same time, the DDQN model presented a better success rate (95%), as also reflected in the balanced precision-recall curve showing an area under the curve of 0.90, over others in the on-point prediction of UAVstate and safety margin of collision. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DDQN-based framework significantly enhances UA V traffic management by optimizing energy consumption in complex airspaces and reducing the risk of collision. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Decision making

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Real-Time Deepfake Detection for AI-Generated Arabic Speech 6

Real-Time Deepfake Detection for AI-Generated Arabic Speech

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6th IEEE Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging sciences Conference, NILES 2024

作者： Awaad, Rewaa Hedya, Abdelrahman Fadel, Mariam Zaky, Ahmed B. Minia University Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Minya61111 Egypt Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Alexandria21934 Egypt Benha University Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra Benha13511 Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378511

This study investigates the effectiveness of Retrieval-based Voice Conversion (RVC) in detecting AI-generated Arabic speech across diverse linguistic contexts. The primary research questions address whether the RVC model can accurately differentiate between real and synthetic speech samples in various languages and its generalization capability across different linguistic contexts. Experimental evaluations show that the model achieves accuracies of 92% using Ensemble Learning (XGBoost and LightGBM), 93% with Meta Learning, and 90% with Neural Networks. Assessments encompass scenarios with real Arabic and English speech not included in training datasets, as well as different speakers across languages. The study contributes insights into the robustness and practical application of RVC for speech authentication. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Translation (languages)

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引用

11th International Conference on Information and Education Technology, ICIET 2023

作者： Muepu, Daniel M. Shirafuji, Atsushi Amin, Md Faizul Ibne Watanobe, Yutaka The University of Aizu Graduate Department of Computer and Information Systems Aizu-Wakamatsu Japan The University of Aizu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aizu-Wakamatsu Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665465489

This paper proposes a recommendation model for similar programming problems to support programming education. In the proposed model, problem similarity is determined according to the similarity of source codes, in terms of the term frequency-inverse document frequency and the effort required to solve the given problem, as calculated according to Halstead metrics. The proposed model can be used to improve student understanding of a programming concept by solving many similar problems simultaneously. In addition, teachers can diversify similar programming problems during practical exercises, assignments, quizzes, and exams. The first experiment carried out in the Aizu Online Judge showed that the user's accuracy when solving a problem was correlated to the user's accuracy for a similar problem and, the second experiment showed a matching rate of 70% between the result of our recommendation model and the observations of a teaching assistant involved in programming classes. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Recommender systems

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