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DXDSENet-CM model: an ensemble learning model based on depthwise Squeeze-and-Excitation ConvMixer architecture for the classification of multi-class skin lesions

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 9903-9938页

作者： Fırat, Hüseyin Üzen, Hüseyin Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Dicle University Diyarbakır Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Bingol University Bingol Turkey

Skin cancer is acknowledged as the most prevalent form of cancer on a global scale. Failure to detect it in its initial phases can lead to fatality, underscoring the significance of early diagnosis. While visible to the naked eye, the considerable similarities between different classes and the variations within a single class create substantial hurdles for accurate detection. Given the widespread occurrence of this ailment, numerous deep learning-driven automated systems have been created to aid dermatologists in promptly identifying skin anomalies. Within this investigation, an ensemble learning architecture based on Xception, DenseNet201 and Depthwise Squeeze-and-Excitation Network and ConvMixer (DSENet-ConvMixer) architectures is presented for skin lesion classification. Xception, a pre-trained CNN network, utilizes depthwise separable convolutions and residual connections, offering efficient feature extraction from skin lesion images. DenseNet201’s parameter efficiency, feature reuse, and multi-scale information capture make it a valuable addition. DSENet-ConvMixer integrates these components, efficiently merging low-level and high-level features to enhance training and network efficiency. ConvMixer excels at feature extraction, enhancing spatial detail capture. ISIC 2018 and 2019 datasets were employed to assess the classification performance of the proposed architecture. Individual accuracies for Xception, DenseNet201, and DSENet-ConvMixer in ISIC 2018 were 85.91%, 85.71%, 82.02%, respectively, and in ISIC 2019 were 80.93%, 80.50%, 79.08%, respectively. However, the ensemble architecture with these three architectures achieved 88.21% for ISIC 2018 and 92.34% for ISIC 2019, demonstrating superior performance. Literature reviews on both datasets also confirmed the proposed architecture’s effectiveness compared to recent studies. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Hybrid DF and SIR Forwarding Strategy in Conventional and Distributed Alamouti Space-Time Coded Cooperative networks

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第2期142卷 1933-1954页

作者： Slim Chaoui Omar Alruwaili Faeiz Alserhani Haifa Harrouch Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72388Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Applied CollegeUniversity of HailHail55424Saudi Arabia

In this paper,we propose a hybrid decode-and-forward and soft information relaying(HDFSIR)strategy to mitigate error propagation in coded cooperative *** the HDFSIR approach,the relay operates in decode-and-forward(DF)mode when it successfully decodes the received message;otherwise,it switches to soft information relaying(SIR)*** benefits of the DF and SIR forwarding strategies are combined to achieve better performance than deploying the DF or SIR strategy ***-form expressions for the outage probability and symbol error rate(SER)are derived for coded cooperative communication with HDFSIR and energy-harvesting ***,we introduce a novel normalized log-likelihood-ratio based soft estimation symbol(NL-SES)mapping technique,which enhances soft symbol accuracy for higher-order modulation,and propose a model characterizing the relationship between the estimated complex soft symbol and the actual high-order modulated ***-more,the hybrid DF-SIR strategy is extended to a distributed Alamouti space-time-coded cooperative *** evaluate the~performance of the proposed HDFSIR strategy,we implement extensive Monte Carlo simulations under varying channel *** demonstrate significant improvements with the hybrid technique outperforming individual DF and SIR strategies in both conventional and distributed Alamouti space-time coded cooperative ***,at a SER of 10^(-3),the proposed NL-SES mapping demonstrated a 3.5 dB performance gain over the conventional averaging one,highlighting its superior accuracy in estimating soft symbols for quadrature phase-shift keying modulation.

关键词： Cooperative communication soft information relaying soft symbols modeling cooperative diversity gain distributed Alamouti space-time code

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A Fuzzy Multi-Objective Framework for Energy Optimization and Reliable Routing in Wireless Sensor networks via Particle Swarm Optimization

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2773-2792页

作者： Medhat A.Tawfeek Ibrahim Alrashdi Madallah Alruwaili Fatma M.Talaat Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72341AljoufSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72341AljoufSaudi Arabia Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt Faculty of Computer Science&Engineering New Mansoura UniversityGamasa35712Egypt

Wireless Sensor networks(WSNs)are one of the best technologies of the 21st century and have seen tremendous growth over the past *** work has been put into its development in various aspects such as architectural attention,routing protocols,location exploration,time exploration,*** research aims to optimize routing protocols and address the challenges arising from conflicting objectives in WSN environments,such as balancing energy consumption,ensuring routing reliability,distributing network load,and selecting the shortest *** optimization techniques have shown success in achieving one or two objectives but struggle to achieve the right balance between multiple conflicting *** address this gap,this paper proposes an innovative approach that integrates Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)with a fuzzy multi-objective *** proposed method uses fuzzy logic to effectively control multiple competing objectives to represent its major development beyond existing methods that only deal with one or two *** search efficiency is improved by particle swarm optimization(PSO)which overcomes the large computational requirements that serve as a major drawback of existing *** PSO algorithm is adapted for WSNs to optimize routing paths based on fuzzy multi-objective *** fuzzy logic framework uses predefined membership functions and rule-based reasoning to adjust routing *** adjustments influence PSO’s velocity updates,ensuring continuous adaptation under varying network *** proposed multi-objective PSO-fuzzy model is evaluated using NS-3 *** results show that the proposed model is capable of improving the network lifetime by 15.2%–22.4%,increasing the stabilization time by 18.7%–25.5%,and increasing the residual energy by 8.9%–16.2% compared to the state-of-the-art *** proposed model also achieves a 15%–24% reduction in load variance,demonstrating balanced routing and extended net

关键词： Wireless sensor networks particle swarm optimization fuzzy multi-objective framework routing stability

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Control of an Hybrid AC/DC MG Using Raspberry Pi

Control of an Hybrid AC/DC MG Using Raspberry Pi

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International Conference of the TC Electrimacs Committee, ELECTRIMACS 2024

作者： Carrasco-González, David Sarrias-Mena, Raúl Horrillo-Quintero, Pablo Llorens-Iborra, Francisco Fernández-Ramírez, Luis M. Cadiz Spain SURET Research Group Department of Engineering in Automation Electronics and Computer Architecture and Networks ETSI Algeciras Cadiz Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783031739200

Nowadays, hybrid AC/DC microgrids (HMG) are growing in popularity because of human needs and their benefits. They are composed of the interconnection of a DC microgrid (MG) and an AC MG, and each MG is constituted by generation, energy storage, and consumption technologies. This study develops a new control strategy for an HMG consisting of a DC MG and an AC MG interconnected through a bidirectional power converter. The AC MG is composed of AC loads, a photovoltaic (PV) generator and a battery bank. The DC MG is made up of a hydrogen system, DC loads, wind turbine (WT) and ultracapacitor (UC). The HMG is evaluated under different conditions in an experimental setup constituted by an OPAL-RT 4512 unit and a Raspberry Pi microcontroller. This experimental setup permits to execute the HMG in real time and to validate the results obtained. Finally, the control system developed for this HMG presents a satisfactory behaviour under different working conditions. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Wind turbines

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Enhancing the efficiency of lung cancer screening: predictive models utilizing deep learning from CT scans

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-19页

作者： Tawfeek, Medhat A. Alrashdi, Ibrahim Alruwaili, Madallah Shaban, Warda M. Talaat, Fatma M. Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information Menoufia University Shebin Elkom32511 Egypt Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Sakakah Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Sakakah Saudi Arabia Department of Communication and Electronics Engineering Nile Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology Mansoura Egypt Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering New Mansoura University Gamasa35712 Egypt

Lung cancer is the most lethal form of cancer. This paper introduces a novel framework to discern and classify pulmonary disorders such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer by analyzing conventional X-ray and CT scan images called lung cancer risk prediction (LCRP) model. LCRP has four modules, namely data collection and preprocessing, data augmentation module, image segmentation module, and prediction module. Actually, LCRP employs three deep learning models;sequential model, functional model, and transfer model on publicly available training datasets. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as a highly effective field in machine learning, particularly for image datasets in the field of biomedical applications. The primary goal is to validate these models by comparing their performance with other models in order to determine their effectiveness in addressing challenging datasets. Our research has revealed a noteworthy enhancement in the efficiency of binary and multi-class classification using mask R-CNN image segmentation. During the model training process, a combination of Adam and stochastic gradient descent dual optimizers has been used to improve performance. LCRP have outperformed current pre-trained models by minimizing training parameters, computational costs, and overhead. It introduces 98.5% accuracy, 88.7% specificity, 89% sensitivity, 89.2% precision, and 89.09% F-measure. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Lung cancer

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A Study on Efficiency Improvements of DNN Accelerators via Denormalized Arithmetic Elimination 38

A Study on Efficiency Improvements of DNN Accelerators via D...

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38th International Conference on VLSI Design, VLSID 2025

作者： Kharitonov, Alexander Kundu, Sandip Institute of Computer Architecture & Computer Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany University of Massachusetts Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Amherst United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522445

Deep Neural networks (DNNs) excel in tasks such as vision and speech processing, driving their widespread use. A key operation in DNNs is convolution, which is often implemented using General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM). Modern CPUs incorporate hardware accelerators for faster GEMM operation. Reduced precision floating-point (RPF) formats such as bfloat16 and TensorFloat32 are popular in machine learning, offering a balance between classification accuracy, dynamic range for training gradients, and hardware efficiency compared to traditional IEEE 754 32-bit or 64-bit floating-point numbers. While RPF is well-studied in the context of DNNs, a major complexity arises from handling denormalized numbers. This paper investigates their impact on DNNs and finds that removing denormalized number support from hardware accelerators does not affect classification accuracy, while allowing significant improvements in hardware efficiency and performance. With proliferation of data centers to accommodate the growing number of DNN applications, power reductions at the GEMM level can significantly improve cluster-wide efficiency, promoting sustainability. Our results indicate that eliminating denormalized arithmetic leads to significant improvements in multiplier circuit efficiency, with reductions of up to 46% in area (LUT count), 28% in longest path delay, and 59% in power consumption, all while maintaining DNN classification accuracy. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Enhancing Privacy in IoT networks: A Comparative Analysis of Classification and Defense Methods

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 71611-71646页

作者： Emre Ergun, Ahmet Can, Ozgu Kantarcioglu, Murat Ege University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Bornova35100 Turkey Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Department of Computer Engineering Cigli35620 Turkey Ege University Department of Computer Engineering Bornova35100 Turkey Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science BlacksburgVA24061 United States

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to a substantial increase in network packet traffic, raising significant privacy concerns. Although traffic encryption is employed to protect the privacy of IoT devices, attackers can still leverage Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to classify device types by analyzing packet characteristics, such as size and timing. The main challenges in the state of the art are the lack of effective methods for exposing privacy violations in encrypted IoT traffic, and the absence of robust defense mechanisms to mitigate privacy breaches caused by network traffic analysis. Considering these challenges, this study presents two key contributions: (i) a novel vector-based classification method that enhances device-type identification from encrypted IoT traffic using advanced ML and DL techniques, and (ii) a robust defense mechanism based on Differential Privacy (DP) and advanced padding techniques against traffic analysis attacks. Therefore, the study examines privacy risks associated with sequential IoT device data and evaluates the effectiveness of ML algorithms using two datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed vector-based classification method significantly improves the attacker’s classification accuracy, even when privacy-preserving techniques, such as padding, are used to obscure device-type classification. For this purpose, the study evaluates eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for IoT traffic classification, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.61% with XGBoost, 96.74% with LSTM, and 96.94% with GRU. Additionally, the Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), and GRU classification algorithms are also evaluated and compared with the XGBoost and LSTM classifiers for the proposed attack model. As a defense mechanism, DP is applied using the Fourier Perturbation Algorithm (FPA) to optimize padd

关键词： Decision trees

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CNN-based cancer prediction scheme using 5G-assisted federated learning for healthcare Industry 5.0

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 131-142页

作者： Kumari, Aparna Patadia, Divya Tanwar, Sudeep Pau, Giovanni Alqahtani, Fayez Tolba, Amr Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Technology Nirma University Ahmedabad382481 India Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Kore University of Enna Enna94100 Italy Software Engineering Department College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh12372 Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Community College King Saud University Riyadh11437 Saudi Arabia

Healthcare Industry 5.0 has witnessed a transformative change by incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet-of-things (IoT), and genomics to provide individualized and patient-centered healthcare. It prioritizes comprehensive health, proactive strategies for chronic diseases like tumors, cancer, etc., and effective cooperation among participants. Much work has been done for cancer prediction using machine learning and deep learning approaches. However, it has yet to be fully explored to protect data privacy and security by limiting data sharing. So, this paper proposes a Convolutional Neural networks (CNN)-based Cancer Prediction scheme, i.e., CNN-CPS within the context of Healthcare Industry 5.0. The proposed scheme harnesses the capabilities of 5G-assisted Federated Learning (FL), a revolutionary method for predicting cancer occurrences with data privacy, security, and limiting data sharing. Then, it also leverages model data from dispersed systems to boost efficiency. By capitalizing on the speed and efficiency of 5G networks and the collaborative nature of FL, precise cancer predictions can be attained, all while upholding the confidentiality of sensitive data. This integration of technologies has the potential to significantly reshape cancer diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in the Industry 5.0 landscape. Here, 5G can enable real-time data interchange across remote data centers with rapid transmission of data capabilities and low-latency connectivity, enabling more effective and precise model training. Hence, this study examines the FL to predict breast cancer and combines the optimizer weights from several clients to continually enhance the performance of the overall model. The experimental results show the efficacy of the CNN-CPS compared to the existing approaches based on several parameters like low latency (40.77% improvement), accuracy (75%), and loss (0.54). © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Federated learning

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Deep Learning Based Side-Channel Attack Detection for Mobile Devices Security in 5G networks

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清华大学学报自然科学版（英文版） 2025年第3期30卷 1012-1026页

作者： Amjed A.Ahmed Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Ali Alqahtani Shayla Islam Bishwajeet Pandey Leila Rzayeva Huda Saleh Abbas Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman Nayef Alqahtani Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Imam Alkadhim University College Department of Computer Techniques EngineeringBaghdad 10066Iraq Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Department of Networks and Communications Engineering College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran 61441Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of Intelligent Systems and Cyber Security Astana IT UniversityAstana 20000Kazakstan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMadinah 42353Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Hofuf 31982Saudi Arabia

Mobile devices within Fifth Generation(5G)networks,typically equipped with Android systems,serve as a bridge to connect digital gadgets such as global positioning system,mobile devices,and wireless routers,which are vital in facilitating end-user communication ***,the security of Android systems has been challenged by the sensitive data involved,leading to vulnerabilities in mobile devices used in 5G *** vulnerabilities expose mobile devices to cyber-attacks,primarily resulting from security ***-permission apps in Android can exploit these channels to access sensitive information,including user identities,login credentials,and geolocation *** such attack leverages"zero-permission"sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes,enabling attackers to gather information about the smartphone's *** underscores the importance of fortifying mobile devices against potential future *** research focuses on a new recurrent neural network prediction model,which has proved highly effective for detecting side-channel attacks in mobile devices in 5G *** conducted state-of-the-art comparative studies to validate our experimental *** results demonstrate that even a small amount of training data can accurately recognize 37.5％of previously unseen user-typed ***,our tap detection mechanism achieves a 92％accuracy rate,a crucial factor for text *** findings have significant practical implications,as they reinforce mobile device security in 5G networks,enhancing user privacy,and data protection.

关键词： Fifth Generation(5G)networks smartphone information leakage Side-Channel Attack(SCA) deep learning

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Cost-Effective FBG Demodulation for High-Temperature and Dynamic Strain via Modified Levenberg-Marquardt

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 17011-17017页

作者： Zhang, Guangyin Zhao, Kehao Wen, Hongqiao Wang, Qirui Wu, Zekun Zhong, Shuda Ma, Guangqun Venediktov, Evgenii Chen, Kevin University of Pittsburgh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PittsburghPA15261 United States Wuhan University of Technology National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks China

This paper presents a high-resolution, signal-jump-free demodulation method for Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) systems employing a low-cost spectrometer. Utilizing a modified Logarithm Gaussian Levenberg-Marquardt (LGLM) method, the proposed approach enables precise and stable Bragg wavelength tracking. The principles of the LGLM method were thoroughly analyzed and derived, affirming the feasibility and robustness of the FBG system. Static experiments with 9 sampling points demonstrated that the LGLM method achieves a standard deviation (STD) of 1.7 pm, representing a 6.9-fold improvement over conventional Gaussian fitting. Strain experiments confirmed a strong linear relationship between strain and Bragg wavelength, with dynamic strain measurements at a 6 kHz sampling rate showing that the LGLM method effectively eliminates signal jumps observed in Gaussian fitting. At 500 Hz, the minimum detectable strain (MDS) of the LGLM method was determined to be 0.0173 μϵ/Hz-1/2, more than 10 times better than Gaussian fitting. Temperature experiments conducted over a range of 100-700 °C further validated the method's performance, with the LGLM achieving an STD of 1.56 pm and a variation of 3.4 pm, representing improvements of 10.25 times and 52.9 times, respectively, compared to Gaussian fitting. These findings demonstrate the exceptional sensitivity, stability, and robustness of the LGLM method for demanding applications such as high-temperature monitoring and structural health diagnostics. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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