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Ensuring safety of vehicular cyber physical systems using machine learning and MQTT

International Journal of Vehicle Information and Communication Systems 2025年第2期10卷 165-183页

作者： Bagga, Neha Kalra, Sheetal Kaur, Parminder Department of Computer Science Guru Nanak Dev University Punjab Amritsar India School of Computer Science Engineering Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara India Department of Computer Science and Engineering G.N.D.U. Regional Campus Punjab Jalandhar India

One of the pressing concerns for emerging nations is maintenance of roads, including identification and repair of pavement distress. Previous research has focused on pothole detection and lane identification, with the distress details being shared with drivers via database or an Android application. However, this approach is battery-intensive for sensors in smart vehicles and requires a regular internet connection. To address these issues, we have proposed a model trained using Python and TensorFlow to identify road distress and steep curves with an accuracy of 85.2% and 83.1%, respectively. The simulation uses Geocoder to capture the geographical coordinates of the distress, and the collected data is transferred to other CPS devices in cars using MQTT which outperforms databases and Android applications in terms of efficiency, sensor load, and internet connectivity. Drivers receive alerts within 10 seconds, allowing them to make informed decisions which helps prevent accidents and fatalities on the road. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Highway accidents

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Stability Prediction in Smart Grid Using PSO Optimized XGBoost Algorithm with Dynamic Inertia Weight Updation

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 909-931页

作者： Adel Binbusayyis Mohemmed Sha Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Engineering and Sciences in Al-Kharj Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia

Prediction of stability in SG(Smart Grid)is essential in maintaining consistency and reliability of power supply in grid *** the fluctuations in power generation and consumption patterns of smart cities assists in effectively managing continuous power supply in the *** also possesses a better impact on averting overloading and permitting effective energy *** though many traditional techniques have predicted the consumption rate for preserving stability,enhancement is required in prediction measures with minimized *** overcome the complications in existing studies,this paper intends to predict stability from the smart grid stability prediction dataset using machine learning *** accomplish this,pre-processing is performed initially to handle missing values since it develops biased models when missing values are mishandled and performs feature scaling to normalize independent data ***,the pre-processed data are taken for training and *** that,the regression process is performed using Modified PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization)optimized XGBoost Technique with dynamic inertia weight update,which analyses variables like gamma(G),reaction time(tau1–tau4),and power balance(p1–p4)for providing effective future stability in *** PSO attains optimal solution by adjusting position through dynamic inertial weights,it is integrated with XGBoost due to its scalability and faster computational speed *** hyperparameters of XGBoost are fine-tuned in the training process for achieving promising outcomes on *** results are measured through evaluation metrics such as MSE(Mean Square Error)of 0.011312781,MAE(Mean Absolute Error)of 0.008596322,and RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)of 0.010636156 and MAPE(Mean Absolute Percentage Error)value of 0.0052 which determine the efficacy of the system.

关键词： Smart Grid machine learning particle swarm optimization XGBoost dynamic inertia weight update

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Kernel-based Actor-Critic Learning Framework for Autonomous Brain Control on Trajectory

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 2024年第3期17卷 554-563页

作者： Song, Zhiwei Zhang, Xiang Chen, Shuhang Tan, Jieyuan Wang, Yiwen Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Hong Kong

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) hold promise for restoring motor functions in paralyzed individuals. These interfaces interpret neural activity to control external devices through trial-and-error. In brain control (BC) tasks, subjects control the device continuously moving in space by imagining their own limb movement, in which the subject can change direction at any position before reaching the target. Such multi-step BC tasks span a large space both in neural state and over a sequence of movements. However, conventional RL decoders face challenges in efficient exploration and limited guidance from delayed rewards. In this paper, we propose a kernel-based actor-critic learning framework for multi-step BC tasks. Our framework integrates continuous trajectory control (actor) and internal continuous state value estimation (critic) from medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) activity. We evaluate our algorithm's performance in a BC three-lever discrimination task using data from two rats, comparing it to a kernel RL decoder with internal binary rewards and delayed external rewards. Experimental results show that our approach achieves faster convergence, shorter target-acquisition time, and shorter distances to targets. These findings highlight the potential of our algorithm for clinical applications in multi-step brain control tasks. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Hepatitis C Prediction Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning-Based Hybrid Approach with Biomarker and Clinical Data

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Biomedical Materials and Devices 2025年第1期3卷 558-575页

作者： Ripa, Rokiya Uddin, Khandaker Mohammad Mohi Alam, Mir Jafikul Rahman, Md. Mahbubur Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka International University Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Dhaka 1208 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Dhaka 1216 Bangladesh

Chronic liver damage is believed to be mostly caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). About 90% of hepatitis C infections progress to chronic hepatitis. Acute HCV infection is a condition that frequently progresses to liver cirrhosis and eventually liver cancer;therefore, understanding this stage of the virus is essential. Molecular and serological testing approaches are often expensive and difficult to perform for diagnosing HCV infection. Machine learning technology can be effectively employed to identify patterns or associations for diagnosing HCV infection. The study utilized machine learning techniques to develop classification models for hepatitis C illness, aiming to anticipate the virus responsible for the infection. Our research integrates various machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, Cat Boost, Bagging Classifier, SGD Classifier, Gaussian NB, Bernoulli NB, Multinomial NB, Linear Discriminant Analysis, ANN, and MLP. Prior to training the models, preprocessing methods, including normalization, filtering, and SMOTE, were used to improve the dataset’s attributes. The classification accuracy scores show encouraging results, with ANN scoring 79.63%, MLP scoring 46.29%, Bernoulli NB scoring 79.62%, Cat Boost scoring 98.14%, and Random Forest scoring 99.53%. Among classification methods, random forest demonstrates the highest accuracy in diagnosing HCV infection. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Classification Deep learning Hepatitis C virus Machine learning Predictions

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MOAAA/D: a decomposition-based novel algorithm and a structural design application

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第28期36卷 17345-17374页

作者： Altiok, Mustafa Gündüz, Mesut Department of Computer Engineering Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Taşlıçiftlik Campus Tokat60250 Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Konya Technical University Alaaddin Keykubat Campus Konya42250 Turkey

When real-world engineering challenges are examined adequately, it becomes clear that multi-objective need to be optimized. Many engineering problems have been handled utilizing the decomposition-based optimization approach according to the literature. The performance of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms is highly dependent on the balance of convergence and diversity. Diversity and convergence are not appropriately balanced in the decomposition technique, as they are in many approaches, for real-world problems. A novel Multi-Objective Artificial Algae Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOAAA/D) is proposed in the paper to solve multi-objective structural problems. MOAAA/D is the first multi-objective algorithm that uses the decomposition-based method with the artificial algae algorithm. MOAAA/D, which successfully draws a graph on 24 benchmark functions within the area of two common metrics, also produced promising results in the structural design problem to which it was applied. To facilitate the design of the "rectangular reinforced concrete column" using MOAAA/D, a solution space was derived by optimizing the rebar ratio and the concrete quantity to be employed. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Algae

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Automated Brain Tumor Diagnosis Using Deep Residual U-Net Segmentation Model

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 2179-2194页

作者： R.Poonguzhali Sultan Ahmad P.Thiruvannamalai Sivasankar S.Anantha Babu Pranav Joshi Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Sung Won Kim Department of Computer Science and Engineering Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and TechnologyThanjavur613403India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharjSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jain Deemed to-be UniversityBangalore560069India Department of Neurology Annapurna Neuro HospitalKathmandu44600Nepal Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-siGyeongbuk-do38541Korea

Automated segmentation and classification of biomedical images act as a vital part of the diagnosis of brain tumors(BT).A primary tumor brain analysis suggests a quicker response from treatment that utilizes for improving patient survival *** location and classification of BTs from huge medicinal images database,obtained from routine medical tasks with manual processes are a higher cost together in effort and *** automatic recognition,place,and classifier process was desired and *** study introduces anAutomatedDeepResidualU-Net Segmentation with Classification model(ADRU-SCM)for Brain Tumor *** presentedADRUSCM model majorly focuses on the segmentation and classification of *** accomplish this,the presented ADRU-SCM model involves wiener filtering(WF)based preprocessing to eradicate the noise that exists in *** addition,the ADRU-SCM model follows deep residual U-Net segmentation model to determine the affected brain ***,VGG-19 model is exploited as a feature ***,tunicate swarm optimization(TSO)with gated recurrent unit(GRU)model is applied as a classification model and the TSO algorithm effectually tunes *** performance validation of the ADRU-SCM model was tested utilizing FigShare dataset and the outcomes pointed out the better performance of the ADRU-SCM approach on recent approaches.

关键词： Brain tumor diagnosis image classification biomedical images image segmentation deep learning

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A graph neural network technique for the prediction of cerebral stroke using an unbalanced medical dataset

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-37页

作者： Sha, Mohemmed Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia

Cerebral stroke is a major health problem, and if not recognized and treated immediately, it can result in considerable morbidity and fatality. Predicting the possibility of a stroke can help with intervention, resulting in improved patient outcomes. However, constructing reliable stroke prediction algorithms can be difficult, especially when working with unbalanced medical data. Timely detection of the various warning signs of a stroke can significantly reduce its severity. To deal with unbalanced data, this research proposed the hybridization of two techniques Noise Reduction and oversampling technique (Noise Reduction-Border Line- Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (NR-BL-SMOTE) which only oversamples or strengthens the borderline minority class. It aims at eliminating noise from minority groups while preventing the making of noisy samples and BL-SMOTE is used to create synthetic data to balance the dataset. After that, feature extraction is done to extract features from the cerebral stroke prediction dataset using fine-tuned VGG19 architecture to improve the performance of the proposed model. The fine-tuned model uses an already trained network and re-trains the part of that by the new data set. Finally, classification is done using a graph neural network (GNN) to classify the prediction of normal or cerebral stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic). Further, to optimize the accuracy of the classification performance;Improved Golden Jackal Optimization (IGJO) is done by repeating their iterations on the GNN hidden layer until we get the final optimal value. The proposed model will be simulated using the PYTHON tool. Then in the simulation results, the proposed approach achieves more powerful classification accuracy than established technologies, demonstrating its efficiency in stroke prediction and classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Making Sense of Big Data in Intelligent Transportation Systems: Current Trends, Challenges and Future Directions

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ACM Computing Surveys 2025年第8期57卷 1-43页

作者： Ahmad Jan, Mian Adil, Muhammad Brik, Bouziane Harous, Saad Abbas, Sohail Department of Computer Science University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) generate massive amounts of Big Data through both sensory and non-sensory platforms. The data support batch processing as well as stream processing, which are essential for reliable operations on the roads and connected vehicles in ITS. Despite the immense potential of Big Data intelligence in ITS, autonomous vehicles are largely confined to testing and trial phases. The research community is working tirelessly to improve the reliability of ITS by designing new protocols, standards, and connectivity paradigms. In the recent past, several surveys have been conducted that focus on Big Data Intelligence for ITS, yet none of them have comprehensively addressed the fundamental challenges hindering the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles on the roads. Our survey aims to help readers better understand the technological advancements by delving deep into Big Data architecture, focusing on data acquisition, data storage, and data visualization. We reviewed sensory and non-sensory platforms for data acquisition, data storage repositories for archival and retrieval of large datasets, and data visualization for presenting the processed data in an interactive and comprehensible format. To this end, we discussed the current research progress by comprehensively covering the literature and highlighting challenges that urgently require the attention of the research community. Based on the concluding remarks, we argued that these challenges hinder the widespread presence of autonomous vehicles on the roads. Understanding these challenges is important for a more informed discussion on the future of self-driven technology. Moreover, we acknowledge that these challenges not only affect individual layers but also impact the functionality of subsequent layers. Finally, we outline our future work that explores how resolving these challenges could enable the realization of innovations such as smart charging systems on the roads and data centers

关键词： Intelligent transportation systems big data sensors storage visualization data centers on the wheels smart computers on the roads

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Towards robust and efficient intrusion detection in IoMT: a deep learning approach addressing data leakage and enhancing model generalizability

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-20页

作者： Bouke, Mohamed Aly El Atigh, Hayate Abdullah, Azizol Department of Communication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang43400 Malaysia Departement of Computer Engineering Faculty of Computer Engineering Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Balikesir10200 Turkey

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) brings advanced patient monitoring and predictive analytics to healthcare but also raises cybersecurity and data privacy issues. This paper introduces a deep-learning model for IoMT intrusion detection, utilizing the WUSTL EHMS 2020 dataset, which focuses on cyber threats like man-in-the-middle attacks and data injection. Our sequential model, trained with TensorFlow, surpasses traditional predictive accuracy and efficiency methods. It achieves 99% accuracy with reduced loss and excels in precision, recall, F1 Score, and ROC AUC. The model uses 25 key features from 45, preventing overfitting and addressing data leakage in preprocessing. These steps ensure the model's reliability for IoMT cybersecurity, demonstrating its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Constructing a Secure Charity NFT Auction Platform Using Fisco Bcos Blockchain for Enhancing Transparency and Traceability

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 36924-36941页

作者： Chen, Chin-Ling Zhan, Wan-Bing Tsaur, Woei-Jiunn Huang, Der-Chen Liu, Ling-Chun Changchun Sci-Tech University Changchun School of Information Engineering Jilin130600 China Chaoyang University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taichung413310 Taiwan Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen School of Computer and Information Engineering Fujian361024 China National Taipei University Computer Center New Taipei City237303 Taiwan National Taipei University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering New Taipei City237303 Taiwan National Chung Hsing University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Taichung402202 Taiwan

In the charity sector, fundraising and transparency have long been key issues. Charity NFT (Non-Fungible Token) auctions, an emerging charity fundraising model integrating blockchain and NFT concepts, bring opportunities and challenges. Blockchain provides distributed data integrity and transparency via cryptography-linked data blocks, while NFTs enable unique digital ownership representation. This study designs a charity NFT auction platform on the Fisco Bcos blockchain, using multi-signature algorithms to ensure NFT authenticity, ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) signatures for transaction integrity and traceability, NFTs and virtual currencies to reduce costs, and IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) for storage. The implemented system achieves 2104 TPS throughput with 492-millisecond latency, increasing transaction processing with low latency. Overall, the platform aims to address charity issues like opaque fund flows, high costs, and fake initiatives through the strategic application of blockchain and NFT functionality. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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