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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cao, Jian Qian, Chen Huang, Yihui Chen, Dicheng Gao, Yuncheng Dong, Jiyang Guo, Di Qu, Xiaobo Department of Electronic Science Biomedical Intelligent Cloud R&D Center Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China School of Computer and Information Engineering Fujian Engineering Research Center for Medical Data Mining and Application Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361024 China

Implicit regularization is an important way to interpret neural networks. Recent theory starts to explain implicit regularization with the model of deep matrix factorization (DMF) and analyze the trajectory of discrete gradient dynamics in the optimization process. These discrete gradient dynamics are relatively small but not infinitesimal, thus fitting well with the practical implementation of neural networks. Currently, discrete gradient dynamics analysis has been successfully applied to shallow networks but encounters the difficulty of complex computation for deep networks. In this work, we introduce another discrete gradient dynamics approach to explain implicit regularization, i.e. landscape analysis. It mainly focuses on gradient regions, such as saddle points and local minima. We theoretically establish the connection between saddle point escaping (SPE) stages and the matrix rank in DMF. We prove that, for a rank-R matrix reconstruction, DMF will converge to a second-order critical point after R stages of SPE. This conclusion is further experimentally verified on a low-rank matrix reconstruction problem. This work provides a new theory to analyze implicit regularization in deep learning. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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TomoSAR-ALISTA: Efficient TomoSAR Imaging via Deep Unfolded Network

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Muhan Zhang, Zhe Wang, Yue Gao, Silin Qiu, Xiaolan Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Aerospace Big Data Application Technology Suzhou215123 China Suzhou Aerospace Information Research Institute Suzhou215123 China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100094 China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department George Mason University FairfaxVA22030 United States

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography (TomoSAR) has attracted remarkable interest for its ability in achieving three-dimensional reconstruction along the elevation direction from multiple observations. In recent years, compressed sensing (CS) technique has been introduced into TomoSAR considering for its super-resolution ability with limited samples. Whereas, the CS-based methods suffer from several drawbacks, including weak noise resistance, high computational complexity and complex parameter fine-tuning. Among the different CS algorithms, iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (ISTA) is widely used as a robust reconstruction approach, however, the parameters in the ISTA algorithm are manually chosen, which usually requires a time-consuming fine-tuning process to achieve the best performance. Aiming at efficient TomoSAR imaging, a novel sparse unfolding network named analytic learned ISTA (ALISTA) is proposed towards the TomoSAR imaging problem in this paper, and the key parameters of ISTA are learned from training data via deep learning to avoid complex parameter fine-tuning and significantly relieves the training burden. In addition, experiments verify that it is feasible to use traditional CS algorithms as training labels, which provides a tangible supervised training method to achieve better 3D reconstruction performance even in the absence of labeled data in real applications. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compressed sensing

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Adaptive Convolutional Neural Network for Image Super-resolution

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tian, Chunwei Zhang, Xuanyu Wang, Tao Zhang, Yongjun Zhu, Qi Lin, Chia-Wen The School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710129 China The National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology Xi’an710129 China The Yangtze River Delta Research Institute Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang215400 China The School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710129 China The College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China The School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing210016 China The Department of Electrical Engineering The Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Taiwan

Convolutional neural networks can automatically learn features via deep network architectures and given input samples. However, the robustness of obtained models may face challenges in varying scenes. Bigger differences in network architecture are beneficial to extract more diversified structural information to strengthen the robustness of an obtained superresolution model. In this paper, we proposed a adaptive convolutional neural network for image super-resolution (ADSRNet). To capture more information, ADSRNet is implemented by a heterogeneous parallel network. The upper network can enhance relation of context information, salient information relation of a kernel mapping and relations of shallow and deep layers to improve performance of image super-resolution. That can strengthen adaptability of an obtained super-resolution model for different scenes. The lower network utilizes a symmetric architecture to enhance relations of different layers to mine more structural information, which is complementary with a upper network for image super-resolution. The relevant experimental results show that the proposed ADSRNet is effective to deal with image resolving. Codes are obtained at https://***/hellloxiaotian/ADSRNet. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A Comprehensive Survey of Few-shot Learning: Evolution, applications, Challenges, and Opportunities

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Song, Yisheng Wang, Ting Mondal, Subrota K. Sahoo, Jyoti Prakash The Engineering Research Center of Software/Hardware Co-design Technology and Application Ministry of Education The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University Shanghai200062 China The Faculty of Information Technology Macau University of Science and Technology Macao China The Department of Computer Science & Information Technology Institute of Technical Education and Research Siksha 'o' Anusandhan University India

Few-shot learning (FSL) has emerged as an effective learning method and shows great potential. Despite the recent creative works in tackling FSL tasks, learning valid information rapidly from just a few or even zero samples still remains a serious challenge. In this context, we extensively investigated 200+ latest papers on FSL published in the past three years, aiming to present a timely and comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in FSL along with impartial comparisons of strengths and weaknesses of the existing works. For the sake of avoiding conceptual confusion, we first elaborate and compare a set of similar concepts including few-shot learning, transfer learning, and meta-learning. Furthermore, we propose a novel taxonomy to classify the existing work according to the level of abstraction of knowledge in accordance with the challenges of FSL. To enrich this survey, in each subsection we provide in-depth analysis and insightful discussion about recent advances on these topics. Moreover, taking computer vision as an example, we highlight the important application of FSL, covering various research hotspots. Finally, we conclude the survey with unique insights into the technology evolution trends together with potential future research opportunities in the hope of providing guidance to follow-up research. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Surveys

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Microplastics and nanoplastics in environment: Sampling, characterization and analytical methods

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Groundwater for Sustainable Development 2024年 26卷

作者： Mahapatra, Sarbanee Maity, Jyoti Prakash Singha, Shuvendu Mishra, Tanisha Dey, Gobinda Chandra Samal, Alok Banerjee, Pritam Biswas, Chhanda Chattopadhyay, Sourasis Patra, Rasmi Ranjan Patnaik, Sneha Bhattacharya, Prosun Environmental Science laboratory Department of Chemistry School of Applied Sciences KIIT Deemed to be University Odisha Bhubaneswar751024 India Department of Agricultural Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Department of Environmental Science University of Kalyani Nadia West Bengal 741235 India Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California University Avenue and Oxford St BerkeleyCA94720 United States Research & Development KIIT Deemed to be University Odisha Bhubaneswar751024 India Department of Computer Science & Application Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology Odisha Bhubaneswar India School of Public Health KIMS Medical College KIIT University Bhubaneswar751024 India Department of Healthcare Administration Asia University ROC Taiwan KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 10B StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have gained increasing attention in environmental research due to their ubiquitousness and potential impacts on natural environments and human health as per the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG-14 to address global threats where at least 12 SDGs, directly/indirectly impacts. Present review is undertaken to highlight the process of breakdown of diverse groups of plastic products in soil, surface water, and groundwater under the influence of different factors (UV, light, heat, microbe, etc.), which are mobilized as MPs/NPs to the surface water, groundwater, air, soil, and living organisms by different natural and anthropogenic processes. Review also highlights a comprehensive overview of the methodology for sampling, characterization, and analysis for these minuscule plastic particles (PPs) in various environmental samples, encompassing surface/subsurface water, sediments, soils, and biological organisms. The collection, extraction, and characterization of MPs/NPs, typically employ filtration processes, wherein a known volume of water is passed through a fine mesh to capture MPs/NPs from water samples. Sediment/soil samples require sieving and density separation techniques to isolate PPs from the surrounding matrix. Biological samples require digestion steps to remove organic matter, leaving behind plastics for analysis. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are commonly utilized to determine the polymer composition, size, shape, and surface characteristics of PPs. Quantification involves several approaches, visual counting, image analysis, and spectroscopic techniques. Abundance of MPs/NPs in the respective environmental samples (water, air, soil, etc.) can be determined by comparing the richness (i.e., number/mass) of plastics to the volume or weight of the original sample. Such comprehensive analytical methodologies contribute to

关键词： Sustainable development

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Understanding the predictability of path flow distribution in urban road networks using an information entropy approach

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Multimodal Transportation 2024年第2期3卷

作者： Guo, Bao Huang, Zhiren Zheng, Zhihao Zhang, Fan Wang, Pu School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Rail Data Research and Application Key Laboratory of Hunan Province Central South University Changsha China Shandong Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute Group Co. Ltd Jinan China Department of Computer Science Aalto University Helsinki Finland Department of Civil Engineering McGill University Montreal H3A 0C3 QC Canada Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China

Predicting the distributions of path flow between origin-destination (OD) pairs in an urban road network is crucial for developing efficient traffic control and management strategies. Here, we use the large-scale taxi GPS trajectory data of San Francisco and Shenzhen to study the predictability of path flow distribution in urban road networks. We develop an approach to project the time-varying path flow distributions into a high-dimensional space. In the high-dimensional space, information entropy is used to measure the predictability of path flow distribution. We find that the distributions of path flow between OD pairs are in general characterized with a high predictability. In addition, we analyze the factors affecting the predictability of path flow distribution. Finally, an n-gram model incorporating high-order gram and low-order gram is proposed to predict the distribution of path flow. A relatively high prediction accuracy is achieved. © 2024

关键词： Human mobility Information entropy Path flow distribution Predictability

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Mccseg: Morphological Guided Causal Constraint Network for Medical Image Multi-Object Segmentation

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Gao, Yifan Wei, Lifang Li, Jun Chang, Xinyue Zhang, Yulong Chen, Riqing Yang, Changcai Wei, Yi Dong, Heng Digital Fujian Research Institute of Big Data for Agriculture and Forestry College of Computer and Information Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Institute for AI in Medicine School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210000 China Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics Fujian Medical University Fuzhou350001 China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Fujian Key Laboratory of Big Data Application and Intellectualization for Tea Industry Wuyi University Fujian354300 China

Medical image multi-object segmentation aims to accurately extract each object that is great significance for the medical image analysis. Although several methods based on deep leaning have been widely developed, it is still challenging due to the similarities of different objects, the significant variability of morphology, data heterogeneity and the unbalanced distribution of samples. To address the above issues, we propose a novel Morphological Guided Causal Constraint segmentation network (MCCSeg) for medical image multi-object segmentation. We build a hybrid CNN-Transformer encoder module to obtain local and global features. Specifically, a Causal Constraint Module (CCM) is proposed for feature decorrelation by sample reweighting, which utilizes weight allocation to train the weight of training samples. The Random Fourier Features (RFF) are used to solve nonlinear dependency problems and remove correlations between features for eliminating the impact of spurious correlations. The morphological guidance module (MG) is designed to extract the boundary as prior morphology information for enhancing feature representation, which are concatenated into the deep supervision module in decoder for further optimizing feature extraction. The experiments demonstrate that MCCSeg outperforms other state-of-the-art methods, obtaining up 3.76% and 5.41% improvements in DICE and HD95 scores on Synapse dataset, respectively. And the ablation experiments further verify the effectiveness of MCCSeg in improving generalization. The source code will be released at https://***/YfGAO/MCCSeg. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Morphology

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Bionic Soft Fingers with Hybrid Variable Stiffness Mechanisms for Multimode Grasping

Bionic Soft Fingers with Hybrid Variable Stiffness Mechanism...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Xiangbo Wang Tianran Zhang Hongze Yu Zhenwei Wen Lide Fang Huaping Liu Fuchun Sun Lixue Tang Bin Fang College of Quality and Technical Supervision Hebei University Baoding China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation Beihang University Beijing China International School Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Institute for Artificial Intelligence State Key Lab of Intelligent Technology and Systems Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Biomedical Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application Capital Medical University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

This paper presents a novel Bionic Soft Finger (BSF) that aims to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid manipulators in terms of adaptability and safety, as well as the challenges faced by soft hands regarding carrying capacity and stability. The BSF design uses a hybrid variable stiffness mechanism combining memory alloy actuators with particle jamming to achieve the desired bending angle and actuator stiffness. Our innovative approach utilizes a bionic finger design that incorporates a memory alloy skeleton and a water-cooled recirculation system, leading to a substantial reduction in the time required for each operation. Through the integration of particle jamming, we have enhanced the overall stiffness and performance of the manipulator, enabling load capacities of up to 3N per finger and more than twice the stiffness of a normal condition. Additionally, our design enables multimode grasping and incorporates a liquid metal strain sensor (METT) for real-time monitoring of finger bending angles. Comparative analyses demonstrate that our design exhibits superior stiffness and enables five-mode grasping in comparison to pneumatic actuators. We believe that bionic soft fingers present a promising solution for enhancing adaptability, safety, and performance in human-robot interaction applications.

关键词： Metals Grasping Bending Manipulators Stability analysis Skeleton Real-time systems

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Ultra-Sensitive Optical Fiber Spr Biosensor for Precise Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by Label-Free Detection of Mirna-21

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Wang, Jiale Deng, Minghua Niu, Kunpeng Wang, Chuanquan Wang, Ning Li, Jinhua Xia, Binyun Ding, Liyun Yang, Huan Chen, Xiaohan Zhu, Jiayi National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Computer and Information Engineering Hubei Normal University Huangshi China Hubei Optical Fundamental Research Center Wuhan China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei University Wuhan430062 China School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou730000 China Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430030 China

Efficient and rapid identification of miRNA-21 may be conducive to the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. In this work, a label-free and highly sensitive optical fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor was developed for detecting the miRNA-21, which was fabricated simply by coating a layer of Au film and AuNPs onto a multi-mode-single-mode-multi-mode (MSM) optical fiber, and then biofunctionalized with ssDNA enabling the quantification of miRNA-21. The working principle involves initiating the change of the effective refractive index (RI) around the optical fiber's surface, which was caused by nucleic acid hybridization between the ssDNA and the miRNA-21. As a result, the interaction would result in a noticeable shift of the SPR wavelengths in the transmission spectra. In the experiment, a substantial enhancement was exhibited in the RI sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) coupling effect of AuNPs and the Au film, measuring approximately 3021.48 nm/RIU. Excitingly, the biosensors, which have a simple composition, were experimentally verified to have an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 10-20 M, significantly lower than current detection methods. And trace miRNA-21 was enabled for detection without RNA amplification. The SPR sensors were also experimentally proved with excellent linearity, specificity and stability. When employed to detect the serum samples, the results indicated that the proposed sensors could brilliantly distinguish clinical patients with and without prostate cancer. Compared to the commonly used PSA quantification in clinical practice, the method developed in this work has higher detection accuracy. The proposed sensing platform processes the merits of simple configuration as well as low cost and may be applied for the precise diagnosis of prostate cancer. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface plasmon resonance

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Meta: Data Compression and Event Detection Grand Challenge 2024 With SPRSound Dataset

IEEE Data Descriptions

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IEEE Data Descriptions 2024年 1卷 122-130页

作者： Qing Zhang Changyan Chen Shuhua Yuan Jing Zhang Jiajun Yuan Huajie Huang Yuhang Zhang Rui Pan Xuya Jiang Jian Zhao Yongfu Li Yong Yin Liebin Zhao Guoxing Wang Yong Lian Department of Micro-Nano Electronics and MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics Shanghai China The Pediatric AI Clinical Application and Research Center Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Department of Respiratory Medicine Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Child Health Advocacy Institute China Hospital Development Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai University Shanghai China Shanghai Children’s Medical Center School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sanya China School of Design Jiangnan University Wuxi China

The development of digital stethoscopes and automatic respiratory sound algorithms is crucial for accelerating diagnosis, reducing physician workload, and lowering mortality rates from respiratory diseases. However, transmitting data from digital stethoscopes to cloud or other storage devices require substantial storage and transmission capacities, especially for wearable devices used for long-term monitoring. Besides, current automatic algorithms often predict labels for segmented sound events, lacking precision in detecting the onsets and offsets of respiratory sound events. To address these challenges, we organized a grand challenge inviting the community to develop data compression and event detection algorithms to reduce the storage and transmission burden and event segmentation workload. A new testing set was prepared to evaluate the performance of the submissions. The top teams presented their work at the 20th IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) 2024. IEEE SOCIETY/COUNCIL Circuits and Systems (CAS) Society DATA TYPE/LOCATION Sound and Text; Worldwide DATA DOI/PID 10.21227/bhw7-2044; 10.21227/nfkk-1x47

关键词： Event detection Medical diagnostic imaging Predictive models Data compression Training Stethoscope Pulmonary diseases Pediatrics Error analysis Circuits and systems

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