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Robust computation of subcortical functional connectivity guided by quantitative susceptibility mapping: An application in Parkinson's disease diagnosis

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NeuroImage 2025年 314卷 121256-121256页

作者： Qin, Jianmei Wu, Haoting Wu, Chenqing Guo, Tao Zhou, Cheng Duanmu, Xiaojie Tan, Sijia Wen, Jiaqi Zheng, Qianshi Yuan, Weijin Zhu, Zihao Chen, Jingwen Wu, Jingjing He, Chenyu Ma, Yiran Liu, Chunlei Xu, Xiaojun Guan, Xiaojun Zhang, Minming Department of Radiology the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China Joint Laboratory of Clinical Radiology the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Computer-aided Design & Computer Graphics Zhejiang University College of Computer Science and technology Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Zhejiang University College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA United States Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley CA United States

Previous resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) analyses of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease heavily relied on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) atlases. However, subcortical structures are characterized by subtle contrast differences, making their accurate delineation challenging on T1WI. In this study, we aimed to introduce and validate a method that incorporates quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) into the rs-fMRI analytical pipeline to achieve precise subcortical nuclei segmentation and improve the stability of RSFC measurements in Parkinson's disease. A total of 321 participants (148 patients with Parkinson's Disease and 173 normal controls) were enrolled. We performed cross-modal registration at the individual level for rs-fMRI to QSM (FUNC2QSM) and T1WI (FUNC2T1), *** consistency and accuracy of resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) measurements in two registration approaches were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient and mutual information. Bootstrap analysis was performed to validate the stability of the RSFC differences between Parkinson's disease and normal controls. RSFC-based machine learning models were constructed for Parkinson's disease classification, using optimized hyperparameters (RandomizedSearchCV with 5-fold cross-validation). The consistency of RSFC measurements between the two registration methods was poor, whereas the QSM-guided approach showed better mutual information values, suggesting higher registration accuracy. The disruptions of RSFC identified with the QSM-guided approach were more stable and reliable, as confirmed by bootstrap analysis. In classification models, the QSM-guided method consistently outperformed the T1WI-guided method, achieving higher test-set ROC-AUC values (FUNC2QSM: 0.87–0.90, FUNC2T1: 0.67–0.70). The QSM-guided approach effectively enhanced the accuracy of subcortical segmentation and the stability of RSFC measurement, thus facilitating future biomarker development in Parkinso

关键词： Parkinson's disease Quantitative susceptibility mapping Resting-state functional connectivity Subcortical nuclei

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Stress topology analysis for porous infill optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Junpeng Wu, Jun Westermann, Rüdiger Computer Graphics and Visualzation Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Sustainable Design Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

The optimization of porous infill structures via local volume constraints has become a popular approach in topology optimization. In some design settings, however, the iterative optimization process converges only slowly, or not at all even after several hundreds or thousands of iterations. This leads to regions in which a distinct binary design is difficult to achieve. Interpreting intermediate density values by applying a threshold results in large solid or void regions, leading to sub-optimal structures. We find that this convergence issue relates to the topology of the stress tensor field that is simulated when applying the same external forces on the solid design domain. In particular, low convergence is observed in regions around so-called trisector degenerate points. Based on this observation, we propose an automatic initialization process that prescribes the topological skeleton of the stress field into the material field as solid simulation elements. These elements guide the material deposition around the degenerate points, but can also be remodelled or removed during the optimization. We demonstrate significantly improved convergence rates in a number of use cases with complex stress topologies. The improved convergence is demonstrated for infill optimization under homogeneous as well as spatially varying local volume constraints. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Stress tensor

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Generation of Entrepreneurship Environments for New Product Development 10th

Generation of Entrepreneurship Environments for New Product ...

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10th International Joint Conference on Mechanics, design engineering and Advanced Manufacturing, JCM 2020

作者： Martin-Doñate, Cristina Lucena-Muñoz, Fermín García-Cabrera, Lina Guadalupe Mercado-Colmenero, Jorge Manuel Department of Engineering Graphics Design and Projects University of Jaén Campus Las Lagunillas s/n Jaen23071 Spain Department of Management Marketing and Sociology University of Jaen Campus Las Lagunillas s/n Jaen23071 Spain Department of Computer Sciences University of Jaen Campus Las Lagunillas s/n Jaen23071 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783030705657

The economic environment demands companies to be able of innovating and presenting new products and technologies. However, current industrial environments are composed of big established companies, small or medium family businesses and regional clusters. This business map does not comply with the dynamism required for detecting needs and proposals in form of new products that meet the current customer requirements. The creation of start-ups in the field of engineering is considered as a possibility to cover a growing market in designing high technological products. However, despite the importance and economic impact of the start-ups for less industrialized environments the courses in the engineering field do not include activities that contextualize theoretical knowledge and entrepreneurship. The paper presents the results of creating an entrepreneurial environment focused on the student as entrepreneurial unit. In this context, a series of new activities based on new design proposals have been developed on the basis of new technical solutions for industrial companies. The new designs have been presented as minimum viable products. The technical knowledge required for making the new designs has been complemented with entrepreneurial training. The results show an increase in students' willingness to create small companies based in new products as an employment option at the end of their studies. © 2021, The Author(s).

关键词： CAD Entrepreneurship Industrial design Product development

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Nobel hopes competition as a means of developing the cognitive interest of students 1

Nobel hopes competition as a means of developing the cogniti...

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1st International Scientific Conference on Advances in Science, engineering and Digital Education, ASEDU 2020

作者： Mukhametzyanova, A.G. Bronskaya, V.V. Kharitonova, O.S. Department of Computer Graphics Engineering and Computer-Assisted Design Kazan National Research Technological University 68 Karl Marx Street Kazan420015 Russia Department of Chemical Process Engineering Kazan National Research Technological University 68 Karl Marx Street Kazan420015 Russia Department of Chemical Technology of Petroleum and Gas Processing Kazan National Research Technological University 68 Karl Marx Street Kazan420015 Russia

The importance of carrying competitions among students of general education institutions and the effectiveness of these activities as a means of developing the cognitive interest of students are shown. The article describes the experience of carrying competitions among schoolchildren and students of colleges, accumulated in the Kazan National Research Technological University. It is shown that these activities allow to reveal the creative potential of participants, and form the interest in engineering and design activities, which subsequently affects the choice of school leavers who are in demand in the modern labour market of specialties and professions. © 2020 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Comparing bayesian models for organ contouring in headand neck radiotherapy

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mody, Prerak P. Chaves-De-Plaza, Nicolas Hildebrandt, Klaus van Egmond, René de Ridder, Huib Staring, Marius Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Computer Graphics and Visualization Lab TU Delft Delft Netherlands Industrial Design Engineering TU Delft Delft Netherlands

Deep learning models for organ contouring in radiotherapy are poised for clinical usage, but currently, there exist few tools for automated quality assessment (QA) of the predicted contours. Using Bayesian models and their associated uncertainty, one can potentially automate the process of detecting inaccurate predictions. We investigate two Bayesian models for auto-contouring, DropOut and FlipOut, using a quantitative measure – expected calibration error (ECE) and a qualitative measure – region-based accuracy-vs-uncertainty (R-AvU) graphs. It is well understood that a model should have low ECE to be considered trustworthy. However, in a QA context, a model should also have high uncertainty in inaccurate regions and low uncertainty in accurate regions. Such behaviour could direct visual attention of expert users to potentially inaccurate regions, leading to a speed-up in the QA process. Using R-AvU graphs, we qualitatively compare the behaviour of different models in accurate and inaccurate regions. Experiments are conducted on the MICCAI2015 Head and Neck Segmentation Challenge and on the DeepMindTCIA CT dataset using three models: DropOut-DICE, Dropout-CE (Cross Entropy) and FlipOut-CE. Quantitative results show that DropOut-DICE has the highest ECE, while Dropout-CE and FlipOut-CE have the lowest ECE. To better understand the difference between DropOut-CE and FlipOut-CE, we use the R-AvU graph which shows that FlipOut-CE has better uncertainty coverage in inaccurate regions than DropOut-CE. Such a combination of quantitative and qualitative metrics explores a new approach that helps to select which model can be deployed as a QA tool in clinical settings. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Entropy

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Industrial design as a Tool for Enhancing Entrepreneurship 29th

Industrial Design as a Tool for Enhancing Entrepreneurship

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29th International conference on the Digital Transformation in the Graphic engineering, INGEGRAF 2019

作者： Martin-Doñate, Cristina Lucena-Muñoz, Fermin Garcia-Cabrera, Lina Estevez, Elisabeth Mercado-Colmenero, Jorge Manuel Department of Engineering Graphics Design and Projects University of Jaen Campus Las Lagunillas s/n Jaen23071 Spain Department of Management Marketing and Sociology University of Jaen Jaen Spain Department of Computer Sciences University of Jaen Jaen Spain Department of Electronics and Automatic Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783030411992

The entrepreneurial spirit is currently considered as the engine of a more dynamic industrial society. Creativity, as well as the capacity to take new initiatives, are fundamental values for students, with these capacities being increasingly in demand by companies. However, despite the importance of developing these skills, subjects in the technical field do not include activities that contextualize theoretical knowledge in the entrepreneurship field. This paper presents the results of a set of activities related to the development of entrepreneurial capacity in students of mechanical engineering by means of new activities related to the business field in the development of new mechanical designs. The designs developed have been planned as technical solutions to problems of some industrial companies. The design results have been presented in the form of prototypes. In a parallel manner, the students have complemented the product development project with a product business model. The results obtained show an increase in the capacity of transferring industrial knowledge from the classrooms to the industrial environment as well as a growth in motivation on the part of the students who have carried out the innovative activities related to entrepreneurship in design. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： CAD Entrepreneurship Mechanical design Product development

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The 3D Trajectory-based Stress Visualizer

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Junpeng Neuhauser, Christoph Wu, Jun Gao, Xifeng Westermann, Rüdiger The Computer Graphics & Visualization Group Technische Universität München Garching Germany The Department of Sustainable Design Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands The Lightspeed & Quantum Studio Tencent America United States

We present the 3D Trajectory-based Stress Visualizer (3D-TSV), a visual analysis tool for the exploration of the principal stress directions in 3D solids under load. 3D-TSV provides a modular and generic implementation of key algorithms required for a trajectory-based visual analysis of principal stress directions, including the automatic seeding of space-filling stress lines, their extraction using numerical schemes, their mapping to an effective renderable representation, and rendering options to convey structures with special mechanical properties. In the design of 3D-TSV, several perceptual challenges have been addressed when simultaneously visualizing three mutually orthogonal stress directions via lines. We present a novel algorithm for generating a space-filling and evenly spaced set of mutually orthogonal lines. The algorithm further considers the locations of lines to obtain a more regular pattern repetition, and enables the extraction of a Focus+Context representation with user-selected levels of detail for individual stress directions. To further reduce visual clutter, the system provides the combined visualization of two selected principal directions via appropriately oriented ribbons. The rendering uses depth cues to better convey the spatial relationships between trajectories and improves ribbon rendering on steep angles. 3D-TSV is accessible to end users via a C++- and OpenGL-based rendering frontend that is seamlessly connected to a MATLAB-based extraction backend. A TCP/IP-based communication interface supports the flexible integration of alternative rendering frontends. The code (BSD license) of 3D-TSV is made publicly available. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stresses

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Energy Adaptive Convolution Neural Network Using Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration

Energy Adaptive Convolution Neural Network Using Dynamic Par...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： Eman Youssef Hamed A. Elsemary Magdy A. El-Moursy Ahmed Khattab Hassan Mostafa Microelectronics Department Electronics Research Institute (ERI) Cairo Egypt Computer Engineering Dept Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University KSA Design Creation Division Mentor Graphics Cairo Egypt Electronics and Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza Egypt

ISBN: (数字)9781728180588

ISBN: (纸本)9781728180595

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a good candidate for computer vision applications. CNN is well known for its great classification accuracy at image recognition tasks. The cost of CNN is its large power consumption as it needs a lot of multiplication and addition operations. Approximation can reduce the power consumption. CNNs can be implemented by CPUs, GPUs or FPGAs. In this paper, the proposed CNN is implemented on Xilinx XC7Z020 FPGA and is trained to recognize MNIST dataset This CNN is approximated through quantization which reduces the accuracy only by 0.53% while using 7-bits for the implementation. A reduction of 2.7X is achieved in energy consumption compared to the conventional design which uses 16-bits. Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) reconfigures the FPGA during the run time with appropriate power consumption design if the battery level decreases. This enables recognition applications to run with low power budget but with sacrificing minor accuracy instead of termination.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Convolution Hardware Biological neural networks Training Image recognition Neurons

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Creative graphic works of first-year students of Bachelors' degree of engineering educational program

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第2期1889卷

作者： A G Mukhametzyanova V V Bronskaya O S Kharitonova Department of Computer Graphics Engineering and Computer-Assisted Design Kazan National Research Technological University 68 Karl Marx Street Kazan 420015 Russia Department of Chemical Process Engineering Kazan National Research Technological University 68 Karl Marx Street Kazan 420015 Russia Department of Information Systems Kazan Federal University 35 Kremlyovskaya Street Kazan 420008 Russia Department of Chemical Technology of Petroleum and Gas Processing Kazan National Research Technological University 68 Karl Marx Street Kazan 420015 Russia

Such a form of organization of extracurricular work as a scientific circle is considered in this article. The purpose and content of the scientific circle on descriptive geometry, engineering and computer graphics are...

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Balanced management of innovative risks in the process of innovative development

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第3期709卷

作者： A S Ponikarova M A Zotov E N Kadeeva Department of Management and Entrepreneurship Department of Engineering Computer graphics and Computer-aided design Kazan National Research Technological University 420015 68Karl Marx Street Kazan Russia

The article considers the issues of balanced management of innovative industrial risks as a mechanism to increase the efficiency of organizations innovative development. The place of this complex of management measures in the overall management system in the process of introducing innovations in the face of uncertainty and risks is determined. An augmented model of balanced management is proposed taking into account the innovative nature of company development and the risk factor. The role of innovative industrial risks is defined as a limitation of innovative development, and a method for effectiveness assessment of their balanced management by assessing the complex level of system survivability is developed. Thanks to this method, it is possible not only to assess the quality of the innovative industrial risks management system, but also to identify ways for its improvement and development.

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