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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mody, Prerak P. Chaves-De-Plaza, Nicolas Hildebrandt, Klaus van Egmond, René de Ridder, Huib Staring, Marius Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Computer Graphics and Visualization Lab TU Delft Delft Netherlands Industrial Design Engineering TU Delft Delft Netherlands

Deep learning models for organ contouring in radiotherapy are poised for clinical usage, but currently, there exist few tools for automated quality assessment (QA) of the predicted contours. Using Bayesian models and their associated uncertainty, one can potentially automate the process of detecting inaccurate predictions. We investigate two Bayesian models for auto-contouring, DropOut and FlipOut, using a quantitative measure – expected calibration error (ECE) and a qualitative measure – region-based accuracy-vs-uncertainty (R-AvU) graphs. It is well understood that a model should have low ECE to be considered trustworthy. However, in a QA context, a model should also have high uncertainty in inaccurate regions and low uncertainty in accurate regions. Such behaviour could direct visual attention of expert users to potentially inaccurate regions, leading to a speed-up in the QA process. Using R-AvU graphs, we qualitatively compare the behaviour of different models in accurate and inaccurate regions. Experiments are conducted on the MICCAI2015 Head and Neck Segmentation Challenge and on the DeepMindTCIA CT dataset using three models: DropOut-DICE, Dropout-CE (Cross Entropy) and FlipOut-CE. Quantitative results show that DropOut-DICE has the highest ECE, while Dropout-CE and FlipOut-CE have the lowest ECE. To better understand the difference between DropOut-CE and FlipOut-CE, we use the R-AvU graph which shows that FlipOut-CE has better uncertainty coverage in inaccurate regions than DropOut-CE. Such a combination of quantitative and qualitative metrics explores a new approach that helps to select which model can be deployed as a QA tool in clinical settings. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Entropy

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The 3D Trajectory-based Stress Visualizer

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Junpeng Neuhauser, Christoph Wu, Jun Gao, Xifeng Westermann, Rüdiger The Computer Graphics & Visualization Group Technische Universität München Garching Germany The Department of Sustainable Design Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands The Lightspeed & Quantum Studio Tencent America United States

We present the 3D Trajectory-based Stress Visualizer (3D-TSV), a visual analysis tool for the exploration of the principal stress directions in 3D solids under load. 3D-TSV provides a modular and generic implementation of key algorithms required for a trajectory-based visual analysis of principal stress directions, including the automatic seeding of space-filling stress lines, their extraction using numerical schemes, their mapping to an effective renderable representation, and rendering options to convey structures with special mechanical properties. In the design of 3D-TSV, several perceptual challenges have been addressed when simultaneously visualizing three mutually orthogonal stress directions via lines. We present a novel algorithm for generating a space-filling and evenly spaced set of mutually orthogonal lines. The algorithm further considers the locations of lines to obtain a more regular pattern repetition, and enables the extraction of a Focus+Context representation with user-selected levels of detail for individual stress directions. To further reduce visual clutter, the system provides the combined visualization of two selected principal directions via appropriately oriented ribbons. The rendering uses depth cues to better convey the spatial relationships between trajectories and improves ribbon rendering on steep angles. 3D-TSV is accessible to end users via a C++- and OpenGL-based rendering frontend that is seamlessly connected to a MATLAB-based extraction backend. A TCP/IP-based communication interface supports the flexible integration of alternative rendering frontends. The code (BSD license) of 3D-TSV is made publicly available. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stresses

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Industrial design as a Tool for Enhancing Entrepreneurship 29th

Industrial Design as a Tool for Enhancing Entrepreneurship

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29th International conference on the Digital Transformation in the Graphic Engineering, INGEGRAF 2019

作者： Martin-Doñate, Cristina Lucena-Muñoz, Fermin Garcia-Cabrera, Lina Estevez, Elisabeth Mercado-Colmenero, Jorge Manuel Department of Engineering Graphics Design and Projects University of Jaen Campus Las Lagunillas s/n Jaen23071 Spain Department of Management Marketing and Sociology University of Jaen Jaen Spain Department of Computer Sciences University of Jaen Jaen Spain Department of Electronics and Automatic Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783030411992

The entrepreneurial spirit is currently considered as the engine of a more dynamic industrial society. Creativity, as well as the capacity to take new initiatives, are fundamental values for students, with these capacities being increasingly in demand by companies. However, despite the importance of developing these skills, subjects in the technical field do not include activities that contextualize theoretical knowledge in the entrepreneurship field. This paper presents the results of a set of activities related to the development of entrepreneurial capacity in students of mechanical engineering by means of new activities related to the business field in the development of new mechanical designs. The designs developed have been planned as technical solutions to problems of some industrial companies. The design results have been presented in the form of prototypes. In a parallel manner, the students have complemented the product development project with a product business model. The results obtained show an increase in the capacity of transferring industrial knowledge from the classrooms to the industrial environment as well as a growth in motivation on the part of the students who have carried out the innovative activities related to entrepreneurship in design. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： CAD Entrepreneurship Mechanical design Product development

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Nobel hopes competition as a means of developing the cognitive interest of students 1

Nobel hopes competition as a means of developing the cogniti...

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1st International Scientific Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering and Digital Education, ASEDU 2020

作者： Mukhametzyanova, A.G. Bronskaya, V.V. Kharitonova, O.S. Department of Computer Graphics Engineering and Computer-Assisted Design Kazan National Research Technological University 68 Karl Marx Street Kazan420015 Russia Department of Chemical Process Engineering Kazan National Research Technological University 68 Karl Marx Street Kazan420015 Russia Department of Chemical Technology of Petroleum and Gas Processing Kazan National Research Technological University 68 Karl Marx Street Kazan420015 Russia

The importance of carrying competitions among students of general education institutions and the effectiveness of these activities as a means of developing the cognitive interest of students are shown. The article describes the experience of carrying competitions among schoolchildren and students of colleges, accumulated in the Kazan National Research Technological University. It is shown that these activities allow to reveal the creative potential of participants, and form the interest in engineering and design activities, which subsequently affects the choice of school leavers who are in demand in the modern labour market of specialties and professions. © 2020 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Identification of altitude profiles in 3D geovisualizations:the role of interaction and spatial abilities

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第2期12卷 156-172页

作者： Petr Kubíček Čeněk Šašinka Zdeněk Stachoň Lukáš Herman Vojtěch Juřík Tomáš Urbánek Jiří Chmelík Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic HUME Lab Faculty of ArtsMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic Department of Psychology Faculty of ArtsMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic Department of Computer Graphics and Design Faculty of InformaticsMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic

Three-dimensional geovisualizations are currently pushed both by technological development and by the demands of experts in various applied *** the presented empirical study,we compared the features of real 3D(stereoscopic)versus pseudo 3D(monoscopic)geovisualizations in static and interactive digital elevation *** tested 39 high-school students in their ability to identify the correct terrain profile from digital elevation ***’performance was recorded and further analysed with respect to their spatial abilities,which were measured by a psychological mental rotation test and think aloud *** results of the study indicated that the influence of the type of 3D visualization(monoscopic/stereoscopic)on the performance of the users is not clear,the level of navigational interactivity has significant influence on the usability of a particular 3D visualization,and finally no influences of the spatial abilities on the performance of the user within the 3D environment were identified.

关键词： 3D geovisualizations stereoscopic and monoscopic 3D vision spatial abilities level of navigational interactivity

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Realistic Haptic Feedback for Material Removal in Medical Simulations

Realistic Haptic Feedback for Material Removal in Medical Si...

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International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (HAPTICS)

作者： Maximilian Kaluschke René Weller Niels Hammer Luigi Pelliccia Mario Lorenz Gabriel Zachmann Institute for Computer Graphics and Virtual Reality University of Bremen Department of Orthopedics University Hospital Leipzig Professorship Machine Tool Design and Forming Technology Chemnitz University of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9781728102344

ISBN: (纸本)9781728102351

We present a novel haptic rendering method to simulate material removal in medical simulations at haptic rates. The core of our method is a new massively-parallel continuous collision detection algorithm in combination with a stable and flexible 6-DOF collision response scheme that combines penalty- and constraint-based force computation. Moreover, a volumetric object representation of the 3D objects allows us to derive a realistic local material model from experimental human cadaveric data, as well as support real-time continuous material removal. We have applied our algorithm to a hip replacement simulator and two dentistry-related simulations for root-canal opening and caries removal. The results show realistic continuous forces and torques at haptic rates.

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Phoenixmap: An abstract approach to visualize 2D spatial distributions

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhao, Junhan Liu, Xiang Guo, Chen Qian, Zhenyu Cheryl Chen, Yingjie Victor Department of Computer Graphics Technology Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Computer and Information Technology Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States School of Media Arts and Design James Madison University HarrisonburgVA22807 United States Department of Art and Design Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

The multidimensional nature of spatial data poses a challenge for visualization. In this paper, we introduce Phoenixmap, a simple abstract visualization method to address the issue of visualizing multiple spatial distributions at once. The Phoenixmap approach starts by identifying the enclosed outline of the point collection, then assigns different widths to outline segments according to the segments' corresponding inside regions. Thus, one 2D distribution is represented as an outline with varied thicknesses. Phoenixmap is capable of overlaying multiple outlines and comparing them across categories of objects in a 2D space. We chose heatmap as a benchmark spatial visualization method and conducted user studies to compare performances among Phoenixmap, heatmap, and dot distribution map. Based on the analysis and participant feedback, we demonstrate that Phoenixmap 1) allows users to perceive and compare spatial distribution data efficiently;2) frees up graphics space with a concise form that can provide visualization design possibilities like overlapping;and 3) provides a good quantitative perceptual estimating capability given the proper legends. Finally, we discuss several possible applications of Phoenixmap and present one visualization of multiple species of birds' active regions in a nature preserve. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data visualization

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Energy Adaptive Convolution Neural Network Using Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration

Energy Adaptive Convolution Neural Network Using Dynamic Par...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： Eman Youssef Hamed A. Elsemary Magdy A. El-Moursy Ahmed Khattab Hassan Mostafa Microelectronics Department Electronics Research Institute (ERI) Cairo Egypt Computer Engineering Dept Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University KSA Design Creation Division Mentor Graphics Cairo Egypt Electronics and Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza Egypt

ISBN: (数字)9781728180588

ISBN: (纸本)9781728180595

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a good candidate for computer vision applications. CNN is well known for its great classification accuracy at image recognition tasks. The cost of CNN is its large power consumption as it needs a lot of multiplication and addition operations. Approximation can reduce the power consumption. CNNs can be implemented by CPUs, GPUs or FPGAs. In this paper, the proposed CNN is implemented on Xilinx XC7Z020 FPGA and is trained to recognize MNIST dataset This CNN is approximated through quantization which reduces the accuracy only by 0.53% while using 7-bits for the implementation. A reduction of 2.7X is achieved in energy consumption compared to the conventional design which uses 16-bits. Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) reconfigures the FPGA during the run time with appropriate power consumption design if the battery level decreases. This enables recognition applications to run with low power budget but with sacrificing minor accuracy instead of termination.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Convolution Hardware Biological neural networks Training Image recognition Neurons

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Balanced management of innovative risks in the process of innovative development

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020年第3期709卷

作者： A S Ponikarova M A Zotov E N Kadeeva Department of Management and Entrepreneurship Department of Engineering Computer graphics and Computer-aided design Kazan National Research Technological University 420015 68Karl Marx Street Kazan Russia

The article considers the issues of balanced management of innovative industrial risks as a mechanism to increase the efficiency of organizations innovative development. The place of this complex of management measures in the overall management system in the process of introducing innovations in the face of uncertainty and risks is determined. An augmented model of balanced management is proposed taking into account the innovative nature of company development and the risk factor. The role of innovative industrial risks is defined as a limitation of innovative development, and a method for effectiveness assessment of their balanced management by assessing the complex level of system survivability is developed. Thanks to this method, it is possible not only to assess the quality of the innovative industrial risks management system, but also to identify ways for its improvement and development.

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Single trial ERP amplitudes reveal the time course of acquiring representations of novel faces in individual participants

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Sommer, Werner Stapor, Katarzyna Kończak, Grzegorz Kotowski, Krzysztof Fabian, Piotr Ochab, Jeremi Bereś, Anna Ślusarczyk, Grażyna Humboldt-University at Berlin Department of Psychology Germany Silesian University of Technology Institute of Computer Science Gliwice Poland University of Economics in Katowice Department of Statistics Econometrics and Mathematics Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Applied Informatics Gliwice Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Algorithmics and Software Gliwice Poland Jagiellonian University Department of Theory of Complex Systems Krakow Poland Jagiellonian University Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics Krakow Poland Jagiellonian University Department of Design and Computer Graphics Krakow Poland Institut für Psychologie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Rudower Chaussee 18 Berlin12489 Germany Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Applied Informatics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 Gliwice44-100 Poland

The neural correlates of face individuation – the acquisition of memory representations for novel faces – have been studied only in coarse detail and disregarding individual differences between learners. In their seminal study, (Tanaka, Curran, Porterfield, & Collins, 2006) required the identification of a particular novel face across 70 trials and found that the N250 component in the ERP became more negative from the first to the second half of the experiment, where it reached a similar amplitude as a well-known face. We were unable to directly replicate this finding in our study when we used the original spilt of trials. However, when we applied a different split of trials we observed very similar changes in N250 amplitude. Then, we developed and applied a new two-step explorative-confirmative non-parametric method based on permutation testing to determine the time course of face individuation in individual participants based on single trial N250 amplitudes. We show that the assumption of a steep initial increase of N250 amplitude across multiple presentations of the target face, followed by a plateau, yields plausible results in fitting linear trends for most participants. The transition point from initial acquisition to the plateau phase differed strongly between participants and tended to be earlier when performance in target face recognition was better. Hence, face individuation may be accounted for by a biphasic process of early, fast acquisition, followed by a slower, asymptotic consolidation or maintenance phase. The current approach might be fruitfully applied to further investigations into face individuation and their neural correlates. © 2020, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Face recognition

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