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Research on the behaviour of Bluetooth Low Energy protocol in the heart rate monitoring application

Procedia computer Science 2023年 225卷 63-69页

作者： Zuzanna Balas Krzysztof Tokarz Bartłomiej Zieliński Tomasz Guźniczak Department of Graphics Computer Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Gliwice Poland

In the paper, the authors check the behaviour of Bluetooth Low Energy protocol in a popular smart wristband and a microcontroller in the heart rate monitoring application. The measurements were collected using a development board with the ESP32 System on Chip. The authors tested measurement period stability and measurement reliability in various conditions.

关键词： Smart wristband Internet of Things Health monitoring Bluetooth Low Energy Wireless data transmission

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Domain-specific data characteristics: A study on meaning of stylometric sub-concepts and in-class imbalance

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Procedia computer Science 2024年 246卷 4421-4430页

作者： Urszula Stańczyk Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 2A 44-100 Gliwice Poland

In the context of data imbalance probably the most investigated problem is imbalance of classes, as learning from the data with this characteristic makes detection of existing patterns for all classes more difficult. However, other problems related to imbalance also exists and the paper addresses such cases where classes are balanced, but there is in-class imbalance. Such imbalance can be caused by uneven representation of sub-concepts. When there is a noticeable difference between the numbers of samples belonging to sub-concepts, this can turn the under-represented sub-concepts into disjuncts. Data irregularities of this type can hinder recognition, therefore actions are typically taken to restore balance. In the investigations described, the issue was studied in the stylometric domain and various classifiers were applied to the data that was balanced, then imbalanced, and finally with restored balance. The experiments show that the specifics of the domain of application can put its own mark on the data which is difficult to overcome by standard processing such as under- or oversampling. Observed dependence on a learner and dataset makes the issue even more complex and layered, and shows the need for deeper studies.

关键词： Attribute domain Data irregularities Sub-concept Disjunct Pattern recognition Stylometry Authorship attribution

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Filtering Decision Rules Driven by Sequential Forward and Backward Selection of Attributes: An Illustrative Example in Stylometric Domain 18

Filtering Decision Rules Driven by Sequential Forward and Ba...

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18th Conference on computer Science and Intelligence systems, FedCSIS 2023

作者： Zielosko, Beata Stanczyk, Urszula Jablonski, Kamil Institute of Computer Science University of Silesia in Katowice Bedzínska 39 Sosnowiec41-200 Poland Department of Graphics Silesian University of Technology Computer Vision and Digital Systems Akademicka 2A Gliwice44-100 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9788396744784

The paper presents investigations concerning the decision rule filtering process controlled by the estimated relevance of available attributes. In the conducted study, two search directions were used, sequential forward selection and sequential backward elimination. The steps of sequential search were governed by three rankings obtained for variables, all related to characteristics of data and rules that can be induced, as follows, (i) a ranking based on the weighting factor referring to the occurrence of attributes in generated decision reducts, (ii) the OneR ranking exploiting short rule properties, and (iii) the proposed ranking defined through the operation of greedy algorithm for rule induction. The three rankings were confronted and compared from the perspective of their usefulness for the selection of rules performed in the two directions and with two strategies for rule selection. The resulting sets of rules were analysed with respect to the properties of the constituent decision rules and from the point of performance for all constructed rule-based classifiers. Substantial experiments were carried out in the stylometric domain, treating the task of authorship attribution as classification. The results obtained indicate that for all three rankings and search paths it was possible to obtain a noticeable reduction of attributes while at least maintaining the power of inducers, at the same time improving characteristics of rule sets. © 2023 Polish Information Processing Society.

关键词： Information use

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Observations of data characteristics and irregularities through domain-oriented transformations of attributes

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Procedia computer Science 2024年 246卷 2694-2703页

作者： Urszula Stańczyk Grzegorz Baron Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 2A 44-100 Gliwice Poland

The paper presents research dedicated to observations of relations between attribute properties and discretisation. In the investigations described, the gradually increasing sets of features were discretised by selected approaches, and several variants of data were constructed. The continuous, partially discrete, and completely translated datasets were explored by the chosen classifiers and their performance studied in the context of a number of discretised attributes, discretisation procedures, and the way of processing of features and datasets. The stylometric problem of authorship attribution was the machine learning task under study. The experimental results enable to observe closer the specificity of style-markers employed as characteristic features, and indicate conditions for efficient recognition of authorship. They can be extended to other application domains with similar characteristics.

关键词： Attribute domain Discretisation Data representation Data irregularities Pattern recognition Stylometry Authorship attribution

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Attribute Relevance and Discretisation in Knowledge Discovery: A Study in Stylometric Domain 23rd

Attribute Relevance and Discretisation in Knowledge Discov...

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23rd International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2023

作者： Stańczyk, Urszula Zielosko, Beata Baron, Grzegorz Department of Graphics Computer Vision and Digital Systems Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 2A Gliwice44-100 Poland Institute of Computer Science University of Silesia in Katowice Bȩdzińska 39 Sosnowiec41-200 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031360206

The paper demonstrates the research methodology focused on observations of relations between attribute relevance, displayed by rankings, and discretisation. Instead of transforming all continuous attributes before data exploration, the variables were gradually processed, and the impact of such a change on the performance of a classifier was studied. Considerable experiments carried out on stylometric data illustrate that selective discretisation could be more advantageous to predictive accuracy than some uniform transformation of all features. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Metadata

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Evaluation of importance for condition attributes based on quality of decision reducts 26

Evaluation of importance for condition attributes based on q...

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26th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering systems, KES 2022

作者： Stanczyk, Urszula Department of Graphics Computer Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 2A Gliwice44-100 Poland

Relative or decision reducts belong with mechanisms dedicated to feature selection, and they are embedded in rough set approach to data processing. Algorithms for reduct construction typically aim at dimensionality reduction aspect, searching for smallest reducts, which are considered as the most advantageous from the point of view of knowledge representation. However, classifiers build on reduced data models, based on reducts, can significantly vary in performance. Therefore, to ensure quality of predictions, other characteristics of reducts, apart from their cardinalities, need to be taken into account. The paper presents research in which estimation of reduct quality through their characteristics was reflected in calculation of the proposed weighting factors leading to attribute rankings. These rankings were next employed in the process of filtering decision rules, inferred by classic rough set approach. Constructed rule-based classifiers were applied in the stylometric domain to solve a task of authorship attribution. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 26th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering systems (KES 2022)

关键词： Rough set theory

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Clustering Single-Cell RNA-seq Data: Impact of Data Binarization on Algorithmic Performance

Clustering Single-Cell RNA-seq Data: Impact of Data Binariza...

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18th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2025

作者： Widzisz, Karolina Kania, Mateusz Zyla, Joanna Polański, Andrzej Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 Gliwice Poland Department of Applied Informatics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 Gliwice Poland Department of Data Science and Engineering Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 Gliwice Poland

The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the binary information on the presence or absence of gene expression can sufficiently capture the inherent heterogeneity within single-cell RNA se quencing (scRNA-seq) data. This hypothesis posits that even without detailed expression levels, valuable insights about cellular diversity can be obtained. Utilizing this method can be particularly advantageous when analyzing large datasets, a common scenario in the field of scRNA-seq. In this paper, we evaluate clustering performance and cluster separability of a variety of model-based algorithms and distance-based methods to an alyze both expression level data and threshold-encoded binarized data. We examined the performance of the Bernoulli-mixture model and Gaussian-mixture model. These were compared against traditional clustering techniques such as hierarchical clustering, K-means, and the Louvain algorithm on a range of scRNA-seq datasets. Our findings reveal that mixture models exhibit a lower dependence on the specific dataset compared to distance-based methods. Mixture models, particularly, demonstrate greater efficacy in accurately estimat ing the number of clusters present within the data. Among analyzed algorithms, the Bernoulli-mixture model stands out, outperforming distance-based approaches in several key aspects. Binary data, presence/absence of gene expression, seem to be indeed adequate to capture the heterogeneity of scRNA-seq data when clus tering with methods specifically designed for binary datasets. The implications of this finding are significant, as it opens up new possibilities for simplifying data analysis in scRNA-seq studies without compromising the accuracy of the results. © 2025 by SCITEPRESS– Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Data accuracy

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On heterogeneity or sub-classes aspect in construction of stylometric input datasets 26

On heterogeneity or sub-classes aspect in construction of st...

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26th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering systems, KES 2022

作者： Stanczyk, Urszula Baron, Grzegorz Department of Graphics Computer Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 2A Gliwice44-100 Poland

Stylometric analysis of texts relies on learning characteristic traits of writing styles for authors. Once these patterns are discovered, they can be compared to the ones present in other text samples, to recognise their authorship. This recognition can be compromised if input datasets are prepared without taking into consideration possible stratification of the input space, leading to specific grouping of datapoints, or sub-classes within distinguished classes. The paper shows research dedicated to construction of various structures of input datasets, and combinations of such structures between train and test sets. In the research the influence of different stratification forms on the performance of selected popular classification systems was observed. To minimise the number of influencing factors, a task of authorship attribution was performed as binary classification with balanced classes. Stylometric descriptors exploited belonged to lexical and syntactic group, giving frequencies of occurrence for chosen style-markers. It resulted in real-valued attributes and these values were explored without applying discretisation, in order to avoid the possible bias of this procedure on observations. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 26th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering systems (KES 2022)

关键词： Knowledge based systems

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Fuzzy Querying in the Cloud-based Environment for Data Stream-driven Predictive Maintenance in AGV-enabled Smart Factories

Fuzzy Querying in the Cloud-based Environment for Data Strea...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2024

作者： Malysiak-Mrozek, Bozena Romanow, Dominik Grzesik, Piotr Benecki, Pawel Niyomugaba, Alexandre Habimana, Theodore Kostrzewa, Daniel Tokarz, Krzysztof Hung, Che-Lun Mrozek, Dariusz Silesian University of Technology Department of Distributed Systems and Informatics Devices Gliwice Poland Ines Ruhengeri - Institute of Applied Sciences Department of Computer Science Rwanda Silesian University of Technology Department of Applied Informatics Gliwice Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Graphics Computer Vision and Digital Systems Gliwice Poland National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Biomedical Informatics Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362480

Fuzzy data processing enables data enrichment and increases data interpretation in industrial environments. In the cloud-based IoT data ingestion pipelines, fuzzy data processing can be implemented in several locations, closer to the IoT events gateways, stream processors, or the persistence layer before the data is visualized. Since Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV)-enabled manufacturing can produce vast amounts of data, the decision on the placement of the fuzzy data processing can be important for secondary processes performed on the enriched data, like the predictive maintenance inferencing. In this paper, we analyze two locations of fuzzy data processing in the cloud-based environment built for monitoring AGVs in smart factories - by formulating fuzzy queries against data streams on stream processing units and data at rest in a database. The querying scenarios cover fuzzy filtering with simple and complex criteria, fuzzy filtering through assignment to a linguistic variable, and joining data streams by representing joining attributes as fuzzy numbers. The experimental results show that querying the data stream can be more efficient and profitable in the scalable environment of many AGVs. However, the enrichment provided for the data at rest is also beneficial when gathering data for building future predictive maintenance models. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Data streams

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Anomaly Detection of Motion Capture Data Based on the Autoencoder Approach 23rd

Anomaly Detection of Motion Capture Data Based on the Aut...

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23rd International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2023

作者： Hasiec, Piotr Świtoński, Adam Josiński, Henryk Wojciechowski, Konrad Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Silesian University of Technology ul. Akademicka 16 Gliwice44-100 Poland Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology Aleja Legionów 2 Bytom41-902 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031360206

Anomalies of gait sequences are detected on the basis of an autoencoder strategy in which input data are reconstructed from their embeddings. The denoising dense low-dimensional and sparse high-dimensional autoencoders are applied for segments of time series representing 3D rotations of the skeletal body parts. The outliers - misreconstructed time segments - are determined and classified as abnormal gait fragments. In the validation stage, motion capture data registered in the virtual reality of the Human Dynamics and Multimodal Interaction Laboratory of the Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology equipped with Motek CAREN Extended hardware and software are used. The scenarios with audio and visual stimuli are prepared to enforce anomalies during a walk. The acquired data are labeled by a human, which results in the visible and invisible anomalies extracted. The neural network representing the autoencoder is trained using anomaly-free data and validated by the complete ones. AP (Average Precision) and ROC-AUC (Receiver Operating Characteristic – Area Under Curve) measures are calculated to assess detection performance. The influences of the number of neurons of the hidden layer, the length of the analyzed time segments and the variance of injected Gaussian noise are investigated. The obtained results, with AP = 0.46 and ROC-AUC = 0.71, are promising. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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