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2nd International Conference on Advanced Innovations in Smart Cities, ICAISC 2025

作者： Alwateer, Majed Gad, Ibrahim Elmarhomy, Mahmoud Elmarhomy, Ghada Hashim, Hasan Almaliki, Malik Atlam, El-Sayed College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Department of Computer Science Saudi Arabia Tanta University Faculty of Science Computer Science Department Tanta31527 Egypt College of Applied Taibah University Computer Science and Information Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Department of Information Systems Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506995

Social media platforms serve as significant spaces for users to have conversations, discussions and express their opinions. However, anonymity provided to users on these platforms allows the spread of hate speech and other offensive material. Due to the wide-ranging nature of these platforms, there is a critical need to automatically detect and report occurrences of hate speech. There are various detection methods, but many of them operate as black boxes, lacking interpretability and explainability by design. To address the lack of interpretability, this study explores the development of an interpretable framework to detect hate speech in Arabic using large language models (LLMs). The proposed approach combines advanced natural language processing techniques with interpretable machine learning methods to enhance understanding of model decisions. The experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves high accuracy while maintaining interpretability, enabling users to understand the reasoning behind the detections. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 0.846%, with a precision of 0.843% and a recall of 0.846%, outperforming existing Arabic hate speech detection models. These results show the effectiveness of combining LLM with interpretability for this critical task, providing a reliable and transparent solution for automated moderation of harmful content. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Arabic Hate Speech Detection Large Language Mode XAI

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Elevating IoT healthcare security using ProSRN and ICOM methodologies for effective threat management

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International Journal of information technology (Singapore) 2025年 1-19页

作者： Sowjanya, Yemineni Gopalakrishnan, S. Kumar, R. Dinesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Tamil Nadu Chennai 603103 India Department of Information Technology Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Tamil Nadu Chennai 603103 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bhoj Reddy Engineering College for Women Telangana Hyderabad 500059 India

IoT healthcare security is increasingly important, as the interconnectedness of medical devices in itself introduces a major vulnerability, given the impact on patient safety and data integrity. Past works in this domain have been afflicted by persistent issues of high false-positive rates, resource utilization inefficiency, and failure to adapt to rapidly changing threat spaces. The paper presents a novel framework that incorporates ProSRN, which provides the robustness in threat detection, and ICOM for dynamic weight estimation. ProSRN adopts a residual-connected stacking approach to reach high accuracy of detection while reducing the complexity in training and enhancing responsiveness in real time. It is further complemented by ICOM, which will then dynamically optimize network parameters to yield an adaptive IoT health security model with the capability of addressing evolving threats. Together, ProSRN and ICOM advance both detection and optimization significantly, enhancing the adaptiveness, efficiency, and security in IoT healthcare systems. This creates a concrete basis for developing resilient frameworks that can protect sensitive healthcare data against emerging threats. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2025.

关键词： And deep learning Attack detection Classification Healthcare systems Internet of things (IoT) Optimization Security

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An Efficient Two-State Feature Attention-Based GRU for Text Classification

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第15期49卷 95-112页

作者： Mohammed, Dhurgham Ali Patel, Kalyani A. Faculty of Computer Science Gujarat University Ahmedabad India Department of Computer Science Faculty of Education for Girl University of Kufa Iraq K.S. School of Business Management and Information Technology Gujarat University India

Text classification has become crucial for mechanically sorting documents into specific categories. The goal of classification is to assign a predefined group or class to an instance based on its characteristics. To attain precise text categorization, a feature selection scheme is employed to categorize significant features and eliminate irrelevant, undesirable, and noisy ones, thereby reducing the dimensionality of the feature space. Many advanced deep learning algorithms have been developed to handle text classification drawbacks. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are broadly employed in text classification tasks. In this paper, we referred to a novel Two-state GRU based on a Feature Attention strategy, known as Two-State Feature Attention GRU (TS-FA-GRU). The proposed framework identifies and categorizes word polarity through consecutive mechanisms and word-feature capture. Furthermore, the developed study incorporates a pre-feature attention TS-FA-GRU to capture essential features at an early stage, followed by a post-feature attention GRU that mimics the decoder’s function to refine the extracted features. To enhance computational performance, the reset gate in the ordinary GRU is replaced with an update gate, which helps to reduce redundancy and complexity. The effectiveness of the developed model was tested on five benchmark text datasets and compared with five well-established traditional text classification methods. The proposed TS-FA-GRU model demonstrated superior performance over several traditional approaches regarding convergence rate and accuracy. Experimental outcomes revealed that the TS-FA-GRU model achieved excellent text classification accuracies of 93.86%, 92.69%, 94.73%, 92.46%, and 88.23 on the 20NG, R21578, AG News, IMDB, and Amazon review dataset respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that the proposed model effectively minimized the loss function and captured long-term dependencies, leading to exceptional outcomes when compared to the

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Optimized graph transformer with molecule attention network based multi class attack detection framework for enhancing privacy and security in WSN

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第15期84卷 14273-14304页

作者： Anoop, M. Mary, L. William Wilson, Allan J. Kiran, W.S. Department of Computer Science and Application SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram campus Chennai600089 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Amrita College of Engineering and Technology Nagercoil India

In today's rapidly evolving network landscape, cybersecurity has become increasingly crucial. However, wireless sensor networks face unique challenges due to their limited resources and diverse composition, high computational demands, diminished accuracy rates, making them susceptible to a wide array of cyber threats. To tackle these challenges, this research introduced a novel method known as Optimized Graph Transformer with Molecule Attention Network (OGTMAN) on the fusion of Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC) and differential privacy aimed at enhancing privacy and security. This approach starts with data preprocessing, employing min–max normalization to address dataset imbalances. N-Tuple Contrastive Learning with Generative transformer(N-TCLG)feature extractor distinguish between different classes of data instances and effectively learns representations that capture relevant information about network traffic patterns Further, feature selection by enhanced chi-square statistics with kepler algorithm, is utilized to assess the significance of each feature in characteristic between normal network behavior and malicious activities further refines the feature selection method by optimizing the selection criteria based on the statistical properties of the dataset. Finally, the proposed OGTMAN classifies various attacks based on their behavioural patterns with the help of enhanced ant aphid optimization with adaptive step factor. Ultimately, this fine-tuning yield superior model training outcomes, resulting more accurate attack classification outcomes. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, datasets encompassing with KDD Cup 99 datasets are employed. The efficiency of the introduced method is demonstrated when compared with prevailing attack detection methods in terms of accuracy, recall, precision and F-measure of 99.98%, 99.5%.,99.9% and 99.5% respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer N

关键词： Molecules

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A Digital Twin and Consensus Empowered Cooperative Control Framework for Platoon-Based Autonomous Driving

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清华大学学报自然科学版（英文版） 2025年第3期30卷 1096-1111页

作者： Jiayu Cao Supeng Leng Kai Xiong Xiaosha Chen School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen 518110China College of Computer Science and Technology and also with College of Data Science Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

Platoon-based autonomous driving is indispensable for traffic automation,but it confronts substantial constraints in rugged terrains with unreliable links and scarce communication *** paper proposes a novel hierarchical Digital Twin(DT)and consensus empowered cooperative control framework for safe driving in harsh ***,leveraging intra-platoon information exchange,one platoon-level DT is constructed on the leader and multiple vehicle-level DTs are distributed among platoon *** leader first makes critical platoon-driving decisions based on the platoon-level ***,considering the impact of unreliable links on the platoon-level DT accuracy and the consequent risk of unsafe decision-making,a distributed consensus scheme is proposed to negotiate critical decisions *** successful negotiation,vehicles proceed to execute critical decisions,relying on their vehicle-level ***,a Space-Air-Ground-Integrated-Network(SAGIN)enabled information exchange is utilized to update the platoon-level DT for subsequent safe decision-making in scenarios with unreliable links,no roadside units,and obstructed ***,based on this framework,an adaptive platooning scheme is designed to minimize total delay and ensure driving *** results indicate that our proposed scheme improves driving safety by 21.1％and reduces total delay by 24.2％in harsh areas compared with existing approaches.

关键词： platoon autonomous driving distributed consensus digital twin space-air-ground integrated network

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Deep transfer learning technique to detect white blood cell classification in regular clinical practice using histopathological images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 5699-5723页

作者： Davamani, K. Anita Jawahar, Malathy Anbarasi, L. Jani Ravi, Vinayakumar Al Mazroa, Alanoud Robin, C. R. Rene Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Leather Process Technology Division CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai India School of Computing Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Computer Science and Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Sirukalathur India Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Khobar Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Leukemia, a malignant disease characterized by the rapid proliferation of specific types of white blood cells (WBC), has prompted increased interest in leveraging automatic WBC classification system. This study presents the design of a robust WBC classification system, integrating deep learning with microscopic image analysis. The proposed classification model is designed to categorize blood cells into four distinct groups: eosinophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil. The study employs a Kaggle image dataset for comprehensive learning. The dataset comprises 12,500 microscopic images used to categorize the four blood cell groups. To enhance performance and reduce the likelihood of overfitting, transfer learning techniques are employed. Six deep transfer learning models namely VGG16, ResNet50, AlexNet, MobileNet, GoogLeNet, and EfficientNetBO are used for feature extraction and classification. The results of the experiments show that VGG16 and MobileNet demonstrated enhancements compared to other pre-trained models when evaluated on both augmented and original datasets. A diverse set of evaluation criteria was employed to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of medical image classification. Notably, the VGG16 and MobileNet models accurately predicted Lymphocytes and Monocytes with a 100% accuracy rate, and Eosinophil and Neutrophil with rates of 99.35% and 99.81%, respectively. This research work empower medical practitioners, particularly in the field of pathology and hematology by providing advanced tools for accurate blood cell classification. The proposed VGG16 and MobileNet models hold promise for simplifying WBC classification, improving decision-making processes, and ultimately advancing patient care in the medical domain. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep learning

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Classification of Brain-MRI Images Using a Stacked-Deep-Network Ensemble Model into Multiple Region-Based Classes 1st

Classification of Brain-MRI Images Using a Stacked-Deep-Netw...

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1st International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Blockchain, and Communication Technologies, ISBCom 2024

作者： Kumar, Deepika Srivastava, Varun Gupta, Shilpa Jamil, Akhtar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering New Delhi India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida India Department of Computer Science and Engineering JIMS Engineering Management and Technical Campus Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida India Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031823763

Brain tumour besides being lethal can also affect other human organs on a long-term basis if not detected at an early stage. Based on the region of its presence and speed of growth, it can be classified as Glioma, Meningioma. or Pituitary. In the given work, a Stacked Neural Net approach for the classification of brain tumour is presented. The images are first pre-processed using Histogram equalization and One Hot Encoding. Thereby, the improved images are fed into 3 popular pre-trained deep networks viz. Res-Net-50, VGG-16, and Xception as level-0 models in parallel. The features extracted are then fed into a neural network as level 1 learner for the final classification. A publicly available Figshare dataset has been used for testing the performance. The suggested approach has been thoroughly evaluated against its base models using accuracy, precision, and recall metrics and also the performance has been analysed using accuracy and loss curves along with epochs. The suggested model achieved a validation and training accuracy of 97.3% and 98.12% respectively. It has been observed that the suggested model referred here as Stacked-Neural-Net outperforms when compared to the conventional deep learning methods and state-of-the-art methods. An improvement of 3.35%, 1.3% and 1.7% is achieved over Inception ResNetV1, a basic CNN and Alex-Net CNN models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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A new CNN-based watermarking method for color medical images in a fusion domain

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-19页

作者： Hosny, Khalid M. Abdel-Aziz, Mostafa M. Lashin, Nabil A. Hamza, Hanaa M. Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computers and Informatics Zagazig University Zagazig44519 Egypt Department of Information Technology Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science Sinai University Arish Campus Al-Arish45518 Egypt

The transmission of medical images via medical agencies raises security concerns, necessitating increased security measures to ensure integrity and security. However, many watermarking algorithms overlook equipoise;the relation between robustness, invisibility, and payload capacity results in a less satisfactory performance. To bridge this gap, we propose a new blind watermarking method for securing medical images based on a convolutional neural network in a fusion domain. First, we transmute the host color image using a phase-only transform (PHOT) to detect the surface pattern. We feed the detected surface pattern into a pre-trained VGG19 model to impeccably extract the stable feature vector. We encrypt the extracted image features using a hybrid Chirikov map to enhance their robustness and reliability. The synergy between the pre-trained VGG19 model and PHOT in an integrated domain effectively captures additional native and localized image features. A hybrid Fibonacci Q-matrix method scrambles the binary watermark to enhance security. Integrating double encryption into the proposed method markedly enhances its resistance against diverse countermeasures. Experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed scheme performs efficiently in robustness and invisibility. The obtained PSNR value was up to 60.15 dB, which is optimal for human perception. The embedded watermark can be retrieved without any warping. The retrieved watermark seems to be authentic, exhibiting ideal BER and NC values. In almost all attack circumstances, the BER values approached zero while the NC values got closer. The proposed method demonstrates notable enhancements in robustness and invisibility compared to prior methods. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Watermarking

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Intrusion Detection in NSL-KDD Dataset Using Hybrid Self-Organizing Map Model

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第4期143卷 639-671页

作者： Noveela Iftikhar Mujeeb Ur Rehman Mumtaz Ali Shah Mohammed J.F.Alenazi Jehad Ali Knowledge Unit of Systems and Technology University of Management and TechnologySialkot51310Pakistan Department of Computer Science University ofWahWah Cantt47010Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences(CCIS)King Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea

Intrusion attempts against Internet of Things(IoT)devices have significantly increased in the last few *** devices are now easy targets for hackers because of their built-in security *** a Self-Organizing Map(SOM)hybrid anomaly detection system for dimensionality reduction with the inherited nature of clustering and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)for multi-class classification can improve network traffic intrusion *** proposed model is evaluated on the NSL-KDD *** hybrid approach outperforms the baseline line models,Multilayer perceptron model,and SOM-KNN(k-nearest neighbors)model in precision,recall,and F1-score,highlighting the proposed approach’s scalability,potential,adaptability,and real-world ***,this paper proposes a highly efficient deployment strategy for resource-constrained network *** results reveal that Precision,Recall,and F1-scores rise 10%-30% for the benign,probing,and Denial of Service(DoS)*** particular,the DoS,probe,and benign classes improved their F1-scores by 7.91%,32.62%,and 12.45%,respectively.

关键词： Intrusion detection self-organizing map Internet of Things dimensionality reduction

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Autonomous embodied navigation task generation from natural language dialogues

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science China(information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 119-132页

作者： Haifeng XU Yongchang LI Lumeng MA Chunwen LI Yanzhi DONG Xiaohu YUAN Huaping LIU Department of Automation Tsinghua University School of Physics and Electronic Information Yantai University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University

Robots are increasingly being deployed in densely populated environments, such as homes, hotels, and office buildings, where they rely on explicit instructions from humans to perform tasks. However, complex tasks often require multiple instructions and prolonged monitoring, which can be time-consuming and demanding for users. Despite this, there is limited research on enabling robots to autonomously generate tasks based on real-life scenarios. Advanced intelligence necessitates robots to autonomously observe and analyze their environment and then generate tasks autonomously to fulfill human requirements without explicit commands. To address this gap, we propose the autonomous generation of navigation tasks using natural language dialogues. Specifically, a robot autonomously generates tasks by analyzing dialogues involving multiple persons in a real office environment to facilitate the completion of item transportation between various *** propose the leveraging of a large language model(LLM) through chain-of-thought prompting to generate a navigation sequence for a robot from dialogues. We also construct a benchmark dataset consisting of 625 multiperson dialogues using the generation capability of LLMs. Evaluation results and real-world experiments in an office building demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： proactive robot robot navigation service robot large language model

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