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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第2期84卷 947-978页

作者： Vaishnavi, J. Narmatha, V. Department of Computer Applications SRM Institute of Science and Technology Trichy India Department of Computer and Information Science Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar Tamilnadu 608002 India

The explosion of the novel phenomenon of the combination of computer vision and Natural language processing is playing a vital role in converting the ordinary world into a more technological pool. Natural language processing and computer vision are the vanguard of Artificial intelligence with the enormous potential currently ruling more fields. The trending Accelerated research of the NLP and CV combo are cancer screening, surgical simulation, visual properties description, visual retrieval, visual description, etc. Video captioning is a task of localizing the event and various features are extracted from the particular event and then the description of the entire event is performed with Natural languages using various techniques. The task of video captioning has some evolution of various techniques from Traditional methods to Deep learning. Currently, Deep learning techniques are ruling the field. Several models are being proposed for the better enhancement of the video captioning task with the default Encoder-Decoder framework and some models with the variance of Attention mechanism and Transfer learning etc., The Attainment of every technique and the accuracy of the generated results are highly dependent on the nature of the problem, diversity, performance of chosen dataset and construction of the technique with various layers, and the amount of data split for train, validate, and test. This survey discusses the captioning types, real-time applications of video captioning, evolution of various methods in video captioning, advanced techniques, different datasets, metrics that are used to evaluate the results, and analysis of the results of the existing models for video captioning. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： computer vision

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Absorbing Time Synchronization Errors Using Shadow Queues in Time-Sensitive Networking

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12912-12926页

作者： Yang, Hao Zhang, Tong Feng, Xiaoqin Ma, Yanying Zhang, Liwei Ren, Fengyuan Lanzhou University School of Information Science and Engineering Lanzhou730000 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing210016 China Tsinghua University Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing100084 China

Time-sensitive networking (TSN) is widely used in industrial automation and automotive applications due to its ability to provide deterministic transmission. To meet the stringent deterministic requirements of time-sensitive traffic, the mainstream traffic management mechanism time-aware shaper (TAS) relies on time synchronization among network devices. TAS schedules periodic traffic transmission using preallocated time windows. However, in real networks, time-sensitive traffic may not be precisely forwarded as scheduled, thus failing to achieve the expected performance. A fundamental reason is that the statically planned transmission schemes cannot accommodate dynamic time synchronization errors. To address this problem, we propose a novel TSN traffic scheduling strategy called robust TAS (RTAS), which utilizes a dual-queue gating structure to define a new scheduling rule for absorbing time synchronization errors to guarantee the real-time performance of scheduled traffic (ST). We conducted extensive simulations on OMNeT++ to study the performance of RTAS in industrial automation scenarios. The results show that RTAS enables deterministic transmission with imperfectly synchronized clocks and minimizes the impact of time synchronization errors on ST. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Queueing theory

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A Model to Validate Different Inflections of Assamese Verbs

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Recent Patents on Engineering 2025年第2期19卷 13-25页

作者： Sarma, Parismita Bhuyan, Manash Pratim Kalita, Chandamita Upadhyaya, Varsha Department of Information Technology Gauhati University Assam Guwahati India Department of Computer Science Dibru College Assam Dibrugarh India

A verb in a sentence defines the action to be performed and keeps the subject of the sentence in motion. Assamese is a language spoken by millions of people in Assam, a North Eastern state of India. In the Assamese language, different inflections of verbs express the tense of the action, whether it is present, past or future. Verbs are inflected according to person, number, gender, tense, and voice, thus showing their existence in different situations. In this research work, we have built a tool to check whether an Assamese verb form is valid or invalid. After checking the validity, it also displays the meaning of the inflected form of the root verb in English. The root verbs are conjugated with the inflectional morphemes, and inflected verb forms are recorded. Background: This work is completely new and done by the authors for the Assamese language. To build this tool, a few research papers on this language were studied, and a summary of them is written in the Related Work section. Methods: In this experiment, 72 root verbs and 132 inflections were used. GUI was designed by using Tkinter in Python. The inflected verb form passed through three modules consisting of different searching techniques. Assamese corpus, Google search, Assamese Wikipedia, and Manual evaluation, respectively. Results: Finally, 662 Assamese valid verb forms were found that have meaning and are used in a different context. Corpus search, Google search, Assamese Wikipedia and Manual Evaluation gave 232, 733, 550 and 112 numbers of overall search results accordingly. Novelty: This paper presents a novel validation framework for Assamese language verb inflections and hence it can be defined as a patent work. This work can help the linguistic community better comprehend verb inflection patterns and linguistic diversity. This patent paper explores the inflections of a lesser-known low-resource language that would be beneficial. This study could be considered as innovative and important because it h

关键词： Speech recognition

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Monitoring COVID-19 environment: a real-time facial mask detection using YOLO models

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Research on Biomedical Engineering 2025年第1期41卷 1-18页

作者： Pandiyan, P. Thangaraj, Rajasekaran V, Balasubramanian V. K, Manavalasundaram S, Balakrishnan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nandha Engineering College Erode India Department of Information Technology Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Erode India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore India

Purpose: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has resulted in significant harm and impacted tens of millions of people globally. In order to prevent the transmission of the virus, individuals often wear masks as a protective measure for themselves and others. Coronavirus protection guidelines have been published by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to WHO standards, COVID-19 can be prevented by wearing a mask in public places and congested regions. In these places, it is very difficult to personally check to see if people are wearing face masks or not. Methods: The objective of this research work is to build a powerful, efficient, and real-time approach for detecting people not wearing masks. Three cutting-edge object identification models, namely YOLOv4, Tiny-YOLOv4, and YOLOv5, are employed in this study for the identification of masked faces. Result: The proposed YOLOv5 model is evaluated using real-time images captured using a smartphone or tablet. The test images include both single and multiple people with and without masks. The YOLOv5 model achieved recognition accuracy of 88.90% with an average detection speed of 0.0316 s per image, whereas the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4 produced recognition accuracy of 82.24% and 74.80% with an average detection speed of 0.0530 s and 0.0541 s per image, respectively. Conclusion: The comparative performance suggests that the YOLOv5 model has a maximum recognition accuracy of 88.90% in face mask identification tasks compared to other models such as the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical Engineering 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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Ultra-low power MoS2 optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity for color target recognition

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science China(information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 187-196页

作者： Bo WEI Yabo CHEN Xiaotong HAN Yan KANG Bujia LIANG Cheng LI Xiaokuo YANG Liang FANG Yuanxi PENG Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense Technology Fundamentals Department Air Force Engineering University College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense Technology College of Computer National University of Defense Technology

Optoelectronic synapses that integrate visual perception and pre-processing hold significant potential for neuromorphic vision systems（NVSs）. However, due to a lack of wavelength sensitivity, existing NVS mainly focuses on gray-scale image processing, making it challenging to recognize color images. Additionally, the high power consumption of optoelectronic synapses, compared to the 10 fJ energy consumption of biological synapses, limits their broader application. To address these challenges, an energy-efficient NVS capable of color target recognition in a noisy environment was developed,utilizing a MoS2optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity. Benefiting from the distinct photon capture capabilities of 450, 535, and 650 nm light, the optoelectronic synapse exhibits wavelength-dependent synaptic plasticity, including excitatory postsynaptic current（EPSC）, paired-pulse facilitation（PPF）, and long-term plasticity（LTP）. These properties can effectively mimic the visual memory and color discrimination functions of the human vision system. Results demonstrate that the NVS, based on MoS2optoelectronic synapses, can eliminate the color noise at the sensor level, increasing color image recognition accuracy from 50% to 90%. Importantly, the optoelectronic synapse operates at a low voltage spike of0.0005 V, consuming only 0.075 fJ per spike, surpassing the energy efficiency of both existing optoelectronic and biological synapses. This ultra-low power, color-sensitive device eliminates the need for color filters and offers great promise for future deployment in filter-free NVS.

关键词： optoelectronic synapse neuromorphic vision system color recognition 2D materials image pre-processing

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An ensemble approach for classification of diabetic retinopathy in fundus image

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 10567-10586页

作者： Prakash, J. Vinoth kumar, B. Department of Computer Science & Engineering PSG College of Technology Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Department of Information Technology PSG College of Technology Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India

Diabetes-oriented diabetic retinopathy impacts the blood vessels in the region of the retina to enlarge and leak blood and other fluids. In most cases, diabetic retinopathy affects both eyes. If left untreated, it would eventually lead to blindness. Diabetic Retinopathy is so widespread that around 93 million adults are affected by it on a worldwide scale. Early identification and treatment would reduce the danger of serious diabetic retinopathy visual impairment. To achieve early detection, we can make use of our advancement in image processing to diagnose how severely the patient is affected by diabetic retinopathy. Using a patient’s fundus image and modern deep learning methods, we will be able to classify the result into five categories of severity: unaffected, severe, mild, moderate, and proliferate. Based on the results, the doctor would be able to determine what type of treatment is required to further avoid vision loss. The strategy outlined in this work is to employ five well-known deep learning models, namely Inception ResNet V2, VGG19, Xception, ResNet50, DenseNet112, and integrate their outcomes successfully utilizing ensemble learning. The experimentation outcome displays that the proposed approach classifies all the classes of Diabetic Retinopathy and performs better compared to other methods with a Specificity of 92.02%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Blood vessels

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Enhancing Predictive Capabilities for Cyber Physical Systems Through Supervised Learning

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第16期49卷 77-86页

作者： Dhanalakshmi, B. Tamije Selvy, P. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dr.N.G. P Institute of technology India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology India

The rapid advancement and proliferation of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have led to an exponential increase in the volume of data generated continuously. Efficient classification of this streaming data is crucial for predicting system behaviors and enabling proactive decision-making. This research aims to extract actionable knowledge from the continuous data streams of CPS and predict their behavior using advanced supervised learning algorithms. The predictions facilitate timely interventions and necessary actions within the interconnected physical network. The background of this work lies in the intersection of CPS, machine learning, and data stream mining. Traditional batch processing methods are inadequate for real-time analysis of CPS data due to their inherent latency and computational inefficiency. This research employs state-of-the-art techniques for real-time data processing, including incremental learning, sliding window models, and ensemble methods tailored for streaming data. Our approach differs from existing works by focusing on a comprehensive framework that integrates real-time data ingestion, preprocessing, feature extraction, and model updating in a seamless pipeline. Unlike previous studies that often rely on static datasets and offline analysis, our method ensures continuous learning and adaptation to evolving data patterns. Comparative analysis with existing techniques demonstrates superior performance in terms of accuracy, latency, and scalability. Specifically, our models achieved an average classification accuracy of 92%, with a precision of 90%, recall of 89%, and an F1 score of 89.5%. These metrics indicate significant improvements over traditional batch processing methods, which typically lag in responsiveness and adaptability. This research provides a robust and efficient solution for the real-time classification of streaming data from CPS, enhancing the system's ability to predict behaviors and take necessary actions promptly. © 2025 Slov

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Autonomous vehicle surveillance through fuzzy C-means segmentation and DeepSORT on aerial images

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PeerJ computer science 2025年 11卷 1-23页

作者： Qureshi, Asifa Mehmood Alotaibi, Moneerah Alotaibi, Sultan Refa AlHammadi, Dina Abdulaziz Jamal, Muhammad Asif Jalal, Ahmad Lee, Bumshik Department of Computer Science Air University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Science and Humanities Shaqra University Dawadmi Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Information and Communication Engineering Chosun University Gwangju Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Informatics Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of

The high mobility of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) has led to their usage in various computer vision applications, notably in intelligent traffic surveillance, where it enhances productivity and simplifies the process. Yet, there are still several challenges that must be resolved to automate these systems. One significant challenge is the accurate extraction of vehicle foregrounds in complex traffic scenarios. As a result, this article proposes a novel vehicle detection and tracking system for autonomous vehicle surveillance, which employs Fuzzy C-mean clustering to segment the aerial images. After segmentation, we employed the YOLOv4 deep learning algorithm, which is efficient in detecting small-sized objects in vehicle detection. Furthermore, an ID assignment and recovery algorithm based on Speed-Up Robust Feature (SURF) is used for multi-vehicle tracking across image frames. Vehicles are determined by counting in each image to estimate the traffic density at different time intervals. Finally, these vehicles were tracked using DeepSORT, which combines the Kalman filter with deep learning to produce accurate results. Furthermore, to understand the traffic flow direction, the path trajectories of each tracked vehicle is projected. Our proposed model demonstrates a noteworthy vehicle detection and tracking rate during experimental validation, attaining precision scores of 0.82 and 0.80 over UAVDT and KIT-AIS datasets for vehicle detection. For vehicle tracking, the precision is 0.87 over the UAVDT dataset and 0.83 for the KIT-AIS dataset. © 2025 Qureshi et al.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Cognitive Transformation in Personal IoT: Pioneering Intelligent Automation

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Cyber-Physical Systems 2025年第2期11卷 183-240页

作者： Gulzar, Bisma Ahmad Sofi, Shabir Sholla, Sahil Department of Information Technology National Institute of Technology Srinagar India Department of Computer Science Engineering Islamic University of Science & Technology Srinagar India

In recent years, IoT has transformed personal environments by integrating diverse smart devices. This paper presents an advanced IoT architecture that optimizes network infrastructure, focusing on the adoption of MQTT protocol and introducing Cognitive Smart Objects for managing personal IoT applications. These objects use Neural Networks to predict optimal actions based on user behavior patterns. A Continuous Learning mechanism enables real-time adaptation of the network to evolving user interactions. The study highlights the role of Cognitive Transformation in Personal IoT, driving intelligent automation and enhancing user experience. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Internet of Things (IoT) Personal Internet of Things (PIoT) Social Internet of Things (SIoT) IoT architecture network infrastructure

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IensNet: A novel and efficient approach for iris spoof detection via ensemble of deep models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-30页

作者： Sharma, Deepika Selwal, Arvind School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Bennett University Greater Noida201310 India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Jammu Samba India

Iris biometrics allow contactless authentication, which makes it widely deployed human recognition mechanisms since the couple of years. Susceptibility of iris identification systems remains a challenging task due to diversity in spoof or presentation attacks (PAs) that fails to assure consistency while adopting them in real life scenarios. Hence, iris PAs are the growing concerns that gained significant attention in recent past decade. To alleviate these attacks or recognize presentation attack instruments (PAIs), iris presentation attacks detection (IPAD) algorithms are designed to distinguish a real and fabricated iris trait. Aiming at the efficient iris spoof detection mechanism, in this research work we expound a novel ensemble learning-enabled model (IensNet) that learns three pre-trained and fined-tuned deep models (i.e. DenseNet161, ResNet and VGGNet) for better accuracy and generalized performance. The novel IensNet approach offers several merits (i.e. consolidated strengths of multiple models, improved generalization ability, etc.) as compared to a simple transfer learning strategy where the knowledge is drawn from single pre-trained model. Finally, our approach learns a novel fully-connected dual layer classifier via outcome of three fine-tuned models to yield a final classification result as bonafide or spoof iris trait. Our approach is evaluated on Notre Dame LivDet iris 2017 and Notre Dame contact lenses 2015 anti-spoofing datasets. The experimental analysis of IensNet offers outstanding performance with a lower ACER of 0.2% and 1.4% for Iris-LivDet-2017 and Notre Dame contact lenses 2015 dataset respectively. Besides, IensNet exhibit promising results in cross-dataset environment with an ACA of 91.46%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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