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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Vida Gharavian Shahryar Rahnamayan Azam Asilian Bidgoli Masoud Makrehchi Nature-Inspired Computational Intelligence (NICI) Lab Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Ontario Tech University Oshawa ON Canada Department of Engineering Brock University St. Catharines ON Canada Faculty of Science Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo ON Canada

Optimization problems widely arise in various science and engineering fields and can be computationally expensive in many real-world applications. Evaluation of the fitness function to assess a candidate solution is the main operation in all optimization procedures which can be heavily compute-intensive. Machine learning-based surrogate models can contribute to learning the specific pattern among the decision variables and objective values to consequently reduce the computation time of fitness evaluation. In this study, we have proposed a novel pairwise surrogate model to identify the superiority between candidate solutions in a pairwise comparison despite the fact that most of the surrogate models try to predict the exact fitness value. The proposed idea can significantly help the optimizer to reach better results in a shorter period of time. It seems comparing two candidate solutions for a greedy selection is much easier than approximating fitness values for both. We demonstrated Graph Neural Network (GNN) for this purpose to be trained on a limited number of pairwise ranks and then utilized to compare a pair of candidate solutions. In order to examine the efficacy of our model, we utilized different well-known single-objective optimization benchmarks in dimensions 10,20, and 30. Moreover, the results of the learning-based evaluation are compared with the results from the real fitness evaluation. The results, assessed in terms of the number of fitness calls and the best-found solution, showed that the proposed method is able to decrease the computing cost of fitness evaluation significantly while we achieve a comparable solution. Our model can be tested with any optimization algorithm which employs a comparison-based mechanism among its candidate solutions.

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ETHACA - A Container-Based Cyber Range for Research and Education

ETHACA - A Container-Based Cyber Range for Research and Educ...

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IEEE International Workshop on computer-Aided Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Communication Links and Networks, CAMAD

作者： Nestoras Chouliaras Ioanna Kantzavelou Grammati Pantziou Leandros Maglaras Panagiota Chouliara-Sidera Antonis Adamakos Panagiotis Chalatsakos Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering University of West Attica Athens Greece School of Computing Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Infromatics University of Thessaly Lamia Greece Senior Software Engineer at *** Athens Greece Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences Open University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (数字)9798350377644

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377651

The advent of Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has revolutionized manufacturing and production systems, enhancing efficiency and communication through the integration of advanced technologies such as IoT devices and AI. However, this increased digitization has also led to heightened cybersecurity risks, with a notable rise in the frequency and complexity of cyber-attacks. Cyber Ranges emerges as a critical solution in addressing these challenges, offering a controlled environment for simulating cyber-attack scenarios, training cybersecurity teams, and developing robust defense strategies. The escalating demand for cybersecurity professionals has highlighted the crucial need for effective training solutions. This article presents an open-source Cyber Range constructed on container-based architecture, meticulously engineered for efficient operation with minimal resource consumption. In response to the scarcity of cybersecurity experts, this platform prioritizes extensive scalability and robust isolation between exercises, ensuring secure learning environments, and also integrates a complex developed exercise series aimed at strengthening cybersecurity learning experiences. These exercises encompass a variety of scenarios and challenges, catering to professionals at different skill levels. Each exercise replicates real-world cyber threats, offering practical, hands-on learning opportunities. Additionally, a comprehensive questionnaire accompanies these exercises, designed to gather feedback on participants' experiences.

关键词： Training Production systems Scalability Conferences Computational modeling computer architecture Fourth Industrial Revolution Complexity theory Cyberattack Industrial Internet of Things

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PlanarTrack: A Large-scale Challenging Benchmark for Planar Object Tracking

PlanarTrack: A Large-scale Challenging Benchmark for Planar ...

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International Conference on computer Vision (ICCV)

作者： Xinran Liu Xiaoqiong Liu Ziruo Yi Xin Zhou Thanh Le Libo Zhang Yan Huang Qing Yang Heng Fan Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of North Texas Denton USA Self-Employed

Planar object tracking is a critical computer vision problem and has drawn increasing interest owing to its key roles in robotics, augmented reality, etc. Despite rapid progress, its further development, especially in the deep learning era, is largely hindered due to the lack of large-scale challenging benchmarks. Addressing this, we introduce PlanarTrack, a large-scale challenging planar tracking benchmark. Specifically, PlanarTrack consists of 1,000 videos with more than 490K images. All these sequences are collected in complex unconstrained scenarios from the wild, which makes PlanarTrack, compared with existing benchmarks, more challenging but realistic for real-world applications. To ensure the high-quality annotation, each frame in PlanarTrack is manually labeled using four corners with multiple-round careful inspection and refinement. To our best knowledge, PlanarTrack, to date, is the largest and the most challenging dataset dedicated to planar object tracking. In order to analyze the proposed PlanarTrack, we evaluate 10 planar trackers and conduct comprehensive comparisons and in-depth analysis. Our results, not surprisingly, demonstrate that current top-performing planar trackers degenerate significantly on the challenging PlanarTrack and more efforts are needed to improve planar tracking in the future. In addition, we further derive a variant named PlanarTrack BB for generic object tracking from our PlanarTrack. Our evaluation of 10 excellent generic trackers on PlanarTrack BB manifests that, surprisingly, PlanarTrack BB is even more challenging than several popular generic tracking benchmarks and more attention should be paid to handle such planar objects, though they are rigid. All benchmarks and evaluations are released at https://***/projects/PlanarTrack/.

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Capability-based IoT access control using blockchain

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Digital Communications and Networks 2021年第4期7卷 463-469页

作者： Yue Liu Qinghua Lu Shiping Chen Qiang Qu Hugo’Connor Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo He Zhang School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South WalesAustralia Data61 CSIROAustralia Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChina Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security University of Texas at San AntonioUSA Software Institute Nanjing UniversityChina

Internet of Things(IoT)devices facilitate intelligent service delivery in a broad range of settings,such as smart offices,homes and ***,the existing IoT access control solutions are mainly based on conventional identity management schemes and use centralized *** are knowm security and privacy limitations with such schemes and architectures,such as the single-point failure or surveillance(e.g.,device tracking).Hence,in this paper,we present an architecture for capability-based IoT access control utilizing the blockchain and decentralized identifiers to manage the identity and access control for IoT ***,we propose a protocol to provide a systematic view of system interactions,to improve *** also implement a proof-of-concept prototype of the proposed approach and evaluate the prototype using a real-world use *** evaluation results show that the proposed solution is feasible,secure,and scalable.

关键词： Blockchain Internet of things Capability-based access control Identity management Architecture design

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Data-Aware Gradient Compression for FL in Communication-Constrained Mobile Computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lu, Rongwei Jiang, Yutong Mao, Yinan Tang, Chen Chen, Bin Cui, Laizhong Wang, Zhi Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518000 China The AI Cloud Business Group Baidu Incorporated Beijing100085 China The Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China The Department of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China The College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China

Federated Learning (FL) in mobile environments faces significant communication bottlenecks. Gradient compression has proven as an effective solution to this issue, offering substantial benefits in environments with limited bandwidth and metered data. Yet, it encounters severe performance drops in non-IID environments due to a one-size-fits-all compression approach, which does not account for the varying data volumes across workers. Assigning varying compression ratios to workers with distinct data distributions and volumes is therefore a promising solution. This work derives the convergence rate of distributed SGD with non-uniform compression, which reveals the intricate relationship between model convergence and the compression ratios applied to individual workers. Accordingly, we frame the relative compression ratio assignment as an n-variable chi-squared nonlinear optimization problem, constrained by a limited communication budget. We propose DAGC-R, which assigns conservative compression to workers handling larger data volumes. Recognizing the computational limitations of mobile devices, we propose the DAGC-A, which is computationally less demanding and enhances the robustness of compression in non-IID scenarios. Our experiments confirm that the DAGC-R and DAGC-A can speed up the training speed by up to 25.43% and 16.65% compared to the uniform compression respectively, when dealing with highly imbalanced data volume distribution and restricted communication. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Federated learning

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Comparison of Multi-Phase Power Converters and Power Delivery Networks for Next-Generation Space Architectures

Comparison of Multi-Phase Power Converters and Power Deliver...

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IEEE Conference on Aerospace

作者： Nicholas Franconi Thomas Cook Christopher Wilson Alan D. George NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Science Data Processing Branch Code 587 Software Engineering Division Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NSF Center for Space High-Performance and Resilient Computing (SHREC) University of Pittsburgh

Next-generation spacecraft developers are earnestly investigating the application of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms onboard to enable new mission concepts for space exploration and science. However, the current generation of radiation-hardened processors are inferior compared to commercial-off-the-shelf alternatives in terms of the computational performance required by modern AI applications. To address this disparity, space-system designers have started employing novel radiation-tolerant architectures combining both commercial and radiation-hardened components to mitigate radiation effects at a system level. Unfortunately, developing single-board computers with radiation-tolerant, high-performance processors is challenging because designers must balance the sparce selection of radiation-hardened power converters and high-reliability decoupling capacitors with SmallSat/CubeSat area constraints and limited thermal conduction. Consequently, the next-generation of space processors, including the AMD-Xilinx Versal Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform require demanding power solutions capable of supplying core rails with 0.8V ± 18mV and currents up to 150 A. In this paper, we present a multifaceted analysis of the power system and decoupling network for a future Versal-based design. We developed preliminary power estimates based on expected processor and FPGA resource utilization for common AI processing applications. These estimates drive the power system requirements and a comparative analysis of single-phase integrated converters and multi-phase discrete converters for high-current FPGA supplies. We develop a tradespace between the number of phases, input voltage, load current, switching frequency, power efficiency, and printed circuit board area. Finally, we design and simulate four power delivery networks based on commercial, high-reliability, and flight-qualified capacitors to compare the efficacy of 0201 decoupling capacitors in flight missions.

关键词： Rails Program processors Capacitors Voltage Power systems Resource management Artificial intelligence

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B-Pose: Bayesian Deep Network for Accurate Camera 6-DoF Pose Estimation from RGB Images

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Rekavandi, Aref Miri Boussaid, Farid Seghouane, Abd-Krim Bennamoun, Mohammed The Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway CrawleyWA6009 Australia The Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway CrawleyWA6009 Australia School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia

Camera pose estimation has long relied on geometry-based approaches and sparse 2D-3D keypoint correspondences. With the advent of deep learning methods, the estimation of camera pose parameters (i.e., the six parameters that describe position and rotation) has decreased from tens of meters to a few centimeters in median error for indoor applications. For outdoor applications, errors can be quite large and highly dependent on the levels of variations in occlusion, contrast, brightness, repetitive structures, or blur introduced by camera motion. To address these limitations, we introduce, B-Pose, a Bayesian Convolutional deep network capable of not only automatically estimating the camera’s pose parameters from a single RGB image but also providing a measure of uncertainty in the parameter estimation. Reported experiments on outdoor and indoor datasets demonstrate that B-Pose outperforms SOTA techniques and generalizes better to unseen RGB images. A strong correlation is shown between the prediction error and the model’s uncertainty, indicating that the prediction is almost always incorrect whenever the model’s uncertainty is high. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Cameras

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Towards Instant Clustering Approach for Federated Learning Client Selection

Towards Instant Clustering Approach for Federated Learning C...

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International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)

作者： Sarhad Arisdakessian Omar Abdel Wahab Azzam Mourad Hadi Otrok Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada Department of Computer Science Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon Division of Science New York University Abu Dhabi UAE Department of EECS Center of Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS) Khalifa University Abu Dhabi UAE

In just few years, Federated Learning (FL) started to gain unprecedented attention given its ability to solve some fundamental privacy and communication challenges of traditional machine learning. Client selection is one of the main challenges in FL and is usually done in a random fashion, where the central server arbitrarily selects a certain number of clients to participate in each training round. However, given the heterogeneity of the client devices in terms of data quality and resource availability, randomly selecting clients is likely to result in long local training time and thus delayed global model’s convergence. To address this problem, in this work, we propose a real-time and on-demand client selection mechanism that employs the DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial clustering of Applications with Noise) clustering technique from machine learning to group the clients into a set of homogeneous clusters based on a set of criteria defined by the FL task owners, such as resource availability, data quality, data size, data freshness and non-IID degree. Based on the requirements of each FL task, the server then intelligently selects the clusters of clients that best match with each task’s requirements, thus improving the performance of the overall federated learning process. Experiments suggest that our solution significantly improves the accuracy of FL compared to the Vanilla FL approach.

关键词： Training Privacy Federated learning Data integrity Clustering algorithms Real-time systems Data models

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Not All Semantics are Created Equal: Contrastive Self-supervised Learning with Automatic Temperature Individualization

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Qiu, Zi-Hao Hu, Quanqi Yuan, Zhuoning Zhou, Denny Zhang, Lijun Yang, Tianbao National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station United States Department of Computer Science The University of Iowa Iowa City United States Google Research United States

In this paper, we aim to optimize a contrastive loss with individualized temperatures in a principled and systematic manner for self-supervised learning. The common practice of using a global temperature parameter τ ignores the fact that "not all semantics are created equal", meaning that different anchor data may have different numbers of samples with similar semantics, especially when data exhibits long-tails. First, we propose a new robust contrastive loss inspired by distributionally robust optimization (DRO), providing us an intuition about the effect of τ and a mechanism for automatic temperature individualization. Then, we propose an efficient stochastic algorithm for optimizing the robust contrastive loss with a provable convergence guarantee without using large mini-batch sizes. Theoretical and experimental results show that our algorithm automatically learns a suitable τ for each sample. Specifically, samples with frequent semantics use large temperatures to keep local semantic structures, while samples with rare semantics use small temperatures to induce more separable features. Our method not only outperforms prior strong baselines (e.g., SimCLR, CLIP) on unimodal and bimodal datasets with larger improvements on imbalanced data but also is less sensitive to hyper-parameters. To our best knowledge, this is the first methodical approach to optimizing a contrastive loss with individualized temperatures. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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SER Analysis -An Approach to enhance Human Health

SER Analysis -An Approach to enhance Human Health

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Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI), International Conference on

作者： Anusha N C.M. Mohana Akshat Sharma Aryan Sharma Garv Mittal Navadhesh. M Department of IoT School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCOPE) Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore TamilNadu India Department of Software Systems SCOPE Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamil Nadu India Department of Computational Intelligence SCOPE Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (数字)9798350389609

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389616

This work focuses on Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) for extracting emotional states from speech signals, encompassing universal emotions like Happiness, Anger, Neutral, Calm, Sadness, Disgust, Fearful, and Surprised. The methodology involves extracting features such as Chromogram, Mel- frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), Mel scaled spectrogram, Tonal Centroid and Spectral contrast, followed by classification using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). A health-oriented aspect, is integrated in this model by providing personalized guided meditation sessions based on the user's emotional state to promote mental wellness. The main aim of this work is to broaden its reach and impact through ongoing refinement of the model and exploration of new implementation strategies, ultimately contributing to a healthier and happier society. The results of this work demonstrate promising accuracy, with the trained deep neural network (DNN) model achieving approximately 81.25% accuracy in recognizing speech emotions in comparison with the existing algorithms. DNN shows a 11%, 8%, 14% increase in accuracy with RNN & LSTM, SVM, GMM respectively.

关键词： Support vector machines Emotion recognition Accuracy Speech recognition Speech enhancement Feature extraction Cognitive informatics Mel frequency cepstral coefficient Spectrogram Long short term memory

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