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An enhanced AMBTC for color image compression using color palette

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第11期83卷 31783-31803页

作者： Xiong, Lizhi Zhang, Mengtao Yang, Ching-Nung Kim, Cheonshik School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan Department of Computer Engineering Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of

Digital image has been used in various fields as an essential carrier. Many color images have been constantly produced since their more realistic description, which takes up much storage space and network bandwidth. Thus, color image compression has become an essential key technology. Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding (AMBTC) has been widely studied as one of the classical image compression methods. However, in the existing methods, the visual quality of the reconstructed images and the compression rate are all relatively low. Therefore, this paper proposes an enhanced AMBTC for color image compression using a color palette. In the proposed method, the K-means clustering algorithm is utilized for training the image's palette pattern. The color palette obtained by K-mean will be more suitable for reconstructing this image than the standard color palette, and the visual quality will be higher. The six clustered central pixels are matched with the palette through a color difference formula, and the obtained index values are used as the quantization levels. Huffman coding is used to build a bitmap to achieve a higher compression rate, that is, a lower bit rate. At last, a block of a color image can be represented by six index values and a bitmap. Experimental results and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the proposed method has better visual quality and bit rate than similar schemes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.

关键词： Color

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Detectability of Discrete Event Systems Under Sensor Attacks

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Journal of Systems science & Complexity 2025年第1期38卷 150-177页

作者： RITSUKA K. LIN Feng LAFORTUNE Stéphane WANG Caisheng Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48202 USA

The authors consider the property of detectability of discrete event systems in the presence of sensor attacks in the context of *** authors model the system using an automaton and study the general notion of detectability where a given set of state pairs needs to be(eventually or periodically)distinguished in any estimate of the state of the *** authors adopt the ALTER sensor attack model from previous work and formulate four notions of CA-detectability in the context of this attack model based on the following attributes:strong or weak;eventual or *** authors present verification methods for strong CA-detectability and weak *** authors present definitions of strong and weak periodic CA-detectability that are based on the construction of a verifier automaton called the augmented *** development also resulted in relaxing assumptions in prior results on D-detectability,which is a special case of CA-detectability.

关键词： Automata cyber attacks detectability discrete event systems security sensor attacks

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Monitoring COVID-19 environment: a real-time facial mask detection using YOLO models

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第1期41卷 1-18页

作者： Pandiyan, P. Thangaraj, Rajasekaran V, Balasubramanian V. K, Manavalasundaram S, Balakrishnan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nandha Engineering College Erode India Department of Information Technology Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Erode India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore India

Purpose: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has resulted in significant harm and impacted tens of millions of people globally. In order to prevent the transmission of the virus, individuals often wear masks as a protective measure for themselves and others. Coronavirus protection guidelines have been published by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to WHO standards, COVID-19 can be prevented by wearing a mask in public places and congested regions. In these places, it is very difficult to personally check to see if people are wearing face masks or not. Methods: The objective of this research work is to build a powerful, efficient, and real-time approach for detecting people not wearing masks. Three cutting-edge object identification models, namely YOLOv4, Tiny-YOLOv4, and YOLOv5, are employed in this study for the identification of masked faces. Result: The proposed YOLOv5 model is evaluated using real-time images captured using a smartphone or tablet. The test images include both single and multiple people with and without masks. The YOLOv5 model achieved recognition accuracy of 88.90% with an average detection speed of 0.0316 s per image, whereas the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4 produced recognition accuracy of 82.24% and 74.80% with an average detection speed of 0.0530 s and 0.0541 s per image, respectively. Conclusion: The comparative performance suggests that the YOLOv5 model has a maximum recognition accuracy of 88.90% in face mask identification tasks compared to other models such as the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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Ensemble Machine Learning-Based Approach to Predict Cervical Cancer with Hyperparameter Tuning and Model Explainability

Biomedical Materials and Devices

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Biomedical Materials and Devices 2025年第2期3卷 1463-1490页

作者： Uddin, Khandaker Mohammad Mohi Bhuiyan, Md. Tofael Ahmed Saad, Mirza Nadim Islam, Ashfaqul Islam, Md. Manowarul Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Dhaka 1208 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jagannath University Dhaka India

Cervical cancer remains the top killer of women at a young age in the world, 85% of cases are detected in low-income countries. Preventive measures and therapeutic response are enhanced if potential hazards are identified early. This research belongs to this field by introducing an end-to-end prediction model based on individual medical records and early screening data thus emphasizing the discovery of meaningful predictors. In order to overcome issues with feature selection and class imbalances, our study creates an ensemble prediction framework that blends Random Forest and Logistic Regression techniques. In addition to achieving an astounding accuracy of 99.75%, the model guarantees transparency in its decision-making processes by utilizing sophisticated machine learning algorithms in conjunction with interpretability tools like SHAP and LIME, which is essential for applications in healthcare. The creation of an extensive ensemble method that combines several machine learning classifiers, advanced feature selection techniques for locating important predictive factors, and interpretability techniques to help healthcare professionals better understand complex predictions are some of the research’s main investments. By offering accurate and comprehensible risk assessments, this novel method has the potential to revolutionize clinical decision-making and enhance early cancer of the cervical cavity identification. This research promotes the development of more proactive and individualized cancer screening methods by fusing cutting-edge computational technology with medical diagnostics, improving health outcomes everywhere. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Cervical cancer Explainable machine learning Hybrid model introduction Hyperparameter tuning feature selection Machine learning Stacking ensemble technique

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Strategies to Selecting Most Profitable Products by Price Settings

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International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making 2024年第2期23卷 885-915页

作者： Tai, Liang Kuang Chen, Arbee L.P. Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University Taichung Taiwan

For a company, it is important to know which products to launch to the market that may get the maximal profit. To achieve this goal, companies not only need to consider these products' features, but also need to analyze how customers make their purchase decisions. For most customers, the price of a product is the most important purchase factor. If the price of a product can be adjusted, the purchase decision of a customer may change. With different price settings, we can speculate on the expected number of customers and the profit of the products. Motivated by this, we want to find the most profitable products among the candidates for the company. A distance-based adoption model can be used to evaluate the expected customers for products at different prices. The computational cost is high in two parts. One is the computational cost of obtaining the most profitable information on each set of candidate products. Another part is that many candidate product combinations need to be calculated. To tackle the computation problem, we propose two strategies. One is to avoid considering all possible price settings. The other is to avoid processing all possible subsets of the candidate products. Experimental results reveal the efficiency of our strategies. © 2024 World Scientific. All rights reserved.

关键词： Profitability

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Graph Classification with GNNs: Optimisation, Representation & Inductive Bias 27

Graph Classification with GNNs: Optimisation, Representation...

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27th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2024

作者： Kumar, P. Krishna Ramaswamy, Harish G. Department of Computer Science & Engineering IIT Madras India Department of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence IIT Madras India

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685489

Theoretical studies on the representation power of GNNs have been centered around understanding the equivalence of GNNs, using WL-Tests for detecting graph isomorphism. In this paper, we argue that such equivalence ignores the accompanying optimization issues and does not provide a holistic view of the GNN learning process. We illustrate these gaps between representation and optimization with examples and experiments. We also explore the existence of an implicit inductive bias (e.g. fully connected networks prefer to learn low frequency functions in their input space) in GNNs, in the context of graph classification tasks. We further prove theoretically that the message-passing layers in the graph, have a tendency to search for either discriminative subgraphs, or a collection of discriminative nodes dispersed across the graph, depending on the different global pooling layers used. We empirically verify this bias through experiments over real-world and synthetic datasets. Finally, we show how our work can help in incorporating domain knowledge via attention based architectures, and can evince their capability to discriminate coherent subgraphs. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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A Neural Computing-Based Access Control Protocol for AI-Driven Intelligent Flying Vehicles in Industry 5.0-Assisted Consumer Electronics

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2024年第1期70卷 3573-3581页

作者： Mahmood, Khalid Tariq, Tayyaba Sangaiah, Arun Kumar Ghaffar, Zahid Saleem, Muhammad Asad Shamshad, Salman National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Douliu64002 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Douliu64002 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology International Graduate School of AI Douliu64002 Taiwan Lebanese American University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Byblos1102 2801 Lebanon University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China The University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Lahore54590 Pakistan

The continuous revolution in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has played a significant role in the development of key consumer applications, including Industry 5.0, autonomous decision-making, fault diagnosis, etc. In practice, autonomous and intelligent robots and flying vehicles (i.e., drones) are also becoming the integral part of Industry 5.0. These vehicles are attaining significant importance nowadays because of their applications in consumer electronics. However, there may be numerous privacy issues in such an infrastructure. Nevertheless, neural computing-driven security solutions have played a significant role in overcoming the security and privacy issues of AI-driven intelligent flying vehicles. Motivated by these facts, this article presents a neural computing-based access control protocol for AI-driven flying vehicles to prevent all possible security threats. A detailed security evaluation of the devised protocol is done formally using the extensively recognized Real-Or-Random (ROR) oracle model. Similarly, the informal security analysis ensures the resistance of our scheme against various potential attacks under the assumptions of CK and DY adversarial models. Moreover, detailed performance scrutiny of the devised protocol with various existing schemes shows the robustness and supremacy of our scheme in terms of computation, communication overhead, and security attributes. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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Energy Efficiency in Sustainable Software Development: Clean Code Approaches 4

Energy Efficiency in Sustainable Software Development: Clean...

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4th International Conference on Electrical engineering and computer science, ICECOS 2024

作者： Inayatullah Widhiarso, Wijang Stiawan, Deris Universitas Multi Data Palembang Faculty of Computer Science Department Program in Engineering Science Palembang Indonesia Universitas Sriwijaya Faculty Af Computer Science Department Program in Engineering Science Palembang Indonesia Universitas Multi Data Palembang Faculty of Computer Science Palembang Indonesia Universitas Sriwijaya Faculty Af Computer Science Palembang Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368253

The use of technology and information devices contributes to global warming. This issue has also become a concern for UN institutions, as stated in international environmental agreements, which aim to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere at a level that prevents anthropogenic and dangerous disturbances to the environmental system. This research uses a line of code derived from the tanjak dataset, a student project from 2003 to 2020, numbering 500. This research aims to apply energy consumption efficiency to reduce CO2 emissions produced using computer devices, especially in developing software. The approach used in this research is clean code, which can provide benefits in the form of a line of code that is easy to read, understand, test, and maintain so that it can create savings in energy use. In the test, the line of code used was 1,072,089, producing an energy of 82,152.18 Joules, minus the line of code comments, which was 76,750, producing an energy of 2,971.25 Joules. Initial research results show that the clean code approach can be used to save energy usage, with the result of the line of code used being 995,339 and producing 79,180 Joules of energy, so it can affect reducing CO2 emissions when implementing software development. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions

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A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning for Enhanced Node Position Prediction in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks 4

A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning for Enhanced Node Po...

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4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information Systems, ICUIS 2024

作者： Nayomi, B.Deena Divya Jyothsna, V. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Andhra Pradesh Tirupati India Department of Data Science Andhra Pradesh Tirupati India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529635

This research study presents a thorough examination of the application of deep learning techniques in enhancing node position prediction within Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). As VANETs become increasingly integral to the development of intelligent transportation systems, accurate and efficient node position prediction emerges as a critical component for ensuring optimal network functionality, safety, and traffic management. This paper explores the performance and adaptability of multiple deep learning models in the dynamic and complicated VANET environment, such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We provide a detailed analysis of the existing literature, highlighting the strengths and limitations of different deep learning approaches in handling the high mobility, variable density, and recurrently changing topology of vehicular networks. Furthermore, the survey discusses the integration of contextual information, such as environmental factors and road conditions, into the prediction models, enhancing their accuracy and reliability. We also explore the implications of advanced methodologies like Transfer Learning and Federated Learning in this domain. In addition to providing insights into future research paths, the paper finishes with an assessment of the difficulties encountered in the practical application of these models, including data privacy and computing limits. The goal of this thorough investigation is to provide a roadmap for future developments in node location prediction in VANETs, making it an invaluable tool for scholars and professionals working in the subject of intelligent transportation systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Topological Evaluation of Certain computer Networks by Contraharmonic-Quadratic Indices

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3795-3810页

作者： Ahmed M.Alghamdi Khalid Hamid Muhammad Waseem Iqbal M.Usman Ashraf Abdullah Alshahrani Adel Alshamrani Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and Engineering at University of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia

In various fields,different networks are used,most of the time not of a single kind;but rather a mix of at least two *** kinds of networks are called bridge networks which are utilized in interconnection networks of PC,portable networks,spine of internet,networks engaged with advanced mechanics,power generation interconnection,bio-informatics and substance intensify *** number that can be entirely calculated by a graph is called graph *** mathematical graph invariants have been portrayed and utilized for connection investigation during the latest twenty ***,no trustworthy evaluation has been embraced to pick,how much these invariants are associated with a network graph or subatomic *** this paper,it will discuss three unmistakable varieties of bridge networks with an incredible capacity of assumption in the field of computer science,chemistry,physics,drug industry,informatics and arithmetic in setting with physical and manufactured developments and networks,since Contraharmonic-quadratic invariants(CQIs)are recently presented and have different figure qualities for different varieties of bridge graphs or *** study settled the geography of bridge graphs/networks of three novel sorts with two kinds of CQI and Quadratic-Contraharmonic Indices(QCIs).The deduced results can be used for the modeling of the above-mentioned networks.

关键词： Bridge networks invariants Quadratic-Contraharmonic Indices maple network graph molecular graph

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