This study examines the effect of individual differences on the program comprehension strategies of users working with an unfamiliar programming system. Participants of varying programming expertise were given a batte...
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This study examines the effect of individual differences on the program comprehension strategies of users working with an unfamiliar programming system. Participants of varying programming expertise were given a battery of psychological tests, a brief introduction to a statistical programming environment, and a 20-minute debugging task. Our data show three distinct comprehension strategies that were related to programming experience, but individuals with stronger domain knowledge for specific bugs tended to succeed.
Search agents can improve users' perceptions of how effective and efficient database retrieval is. In connection with an on-going project for community interaction, a search agent was designed with a strong theore...
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Search agents can improve users' perceptions of how effective and efficient database retrieval is. In connection with an on-going project for community interaction, a search agent was designed with a strong theoretical basis and tested for effectiveness with the community of users.
Data analysis and visualization is strongly influenced by noise and noise filters. There are multiple sources of "noise" in microarray data analysis, but signal/noise ratios are rarely optimized, or even con...
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Data analysis and visualization is strongly influenced by noise and noise filters. There are multiple sources of "noise" in microarray data analysis, but signal/noise ratios are rarely optimized, or even considered. Here, we report a noise analysis of a novel 13 million oligonucleotide dataset - 25 human U133A (/spl sim/500,000 features) profiles of patient muscle biopsies. We use our recently described interactive visualization tool, the hierarchical clustering explorer (HCE) to systemically address the effect of different noise filters on resolution of arrays into "correct" biological groups (unsupervised clustering into three patient groups of known diagnosis). We varied probe set interpretation methods (MAS 5.0, RMA), "present call" filters, and clustering linkage methods, and investigated the results in HCE. HCE's interactive features enabled us to quickly see the impact of these three variables. Dendrogram displays showed the clustering results systematically, and color mosaic displays provided a visual support for the results. We show that each of these three variables has a strong effect on unsupervised clustering. For this dataset, the strength of the biological variable was maximized, and noise minimized, using MAS 5.0, 10% present call filter, and average group linkage. We propose a general method of using interactive tools to identify the optimal signal/noise balance or the optimal combination of these three variables to maximize the effect of the desired biological variable on data interpretation.
In many real-world tasks of image classification, limited amounts of labeled data are available to train automatic classifiers. Consequently, extensive human expert involvement is required for verification. A novel so...
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In many real-world tasks of image classification, limited amounts of labeled data are available to train automatic classifiers. Consequently, extensive human expert involvement is required for verification. A novel solution is presented that makes use of active learning combined with an ensemble of classifiers for each class. The result is a significant reduction in required expert involvement for uncertain image region classification.
User interfaces can improve task performance by exploiting the powerful human capabilities for spatial cognition. This opportunity has been demonstrated by many prior experiments. It is tempting to believe that provid...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134533
User interfaces can improve task performance by exploiting the powerful human capabilities for spatial cognition. This opportunity has been demonstrated by many prior experiments. It is tempting to believe that providing greater spatial flexibility-by moving from flat 2D to 3D user interfaces-will further enhance user performance. This paper describes an experiment that investigates the effectiveness of spatial memory in real-world physical models and in equivalent computer-based virtual systems. The different models vary the user's freedom to use depth and perspective in spatial arrangements of images representing web pages. Results show that the subjects' performance deteriorated in both the physical and virtual systems as their freedom to locate items in the third dimension increased. Subjective measures reinforce the performance measures, indicating that users found interfaces with higher dimensions more 'cluttered' and less efficient.
Gesture based interfaces promise to increase the efficiency of user input, particularly in mobile computing where standard input devices such as the mouse and keyboard are impractical. This paper describes an investig...
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This paper describes the evaluation of a gesture-based mechanism for issuing the back and forward commands in web navigation. Results show that subjects were able to navigate significantly faster when using gestures c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134541
This paper describes the evaluation of a gesture-based mechanism for issuing the back and forward commands in web navigation. Results show that subjects were able to navigate significantly faster when using gestures compared to the normal back button. They were also extremely enthusiastic about the technique, with several expressing their wish that "all browsers should support this".
Identification of patterns in time series data sets is a task that arises in a wide variety of application domains. This paper presents a user interface for the timebox query model of rectangular regions that specify ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134541
Identification of patterns in time series data sets is a task that arises in a wide variety of application domains. This paper presents a user interface for the timebox query model of rectangular regions that specify constraints over time series data sets. A prototype application based on timeboxes is presented. Collaborations with potential users will guide the design of enhanced functionality. Usability tests and controlled experiments will be conducted to evaluate the timebox query model.
A dynamic query interface for finding patterns in time series data is demonstrated. The identification of patterns in time series data sets is a task that arises in a wide variety of application domains. It is reporte...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134541
A dynamic query interface for finding patterns in time series data is demonstrated. The identification of patterns in time series data sets is a task that arises in a wide variety of application domains. It is reported that this demonstration presents the timebox model of rectangular regions that specify constraints for dynamic queries over time series data sets, and the TimeSearcher application, which uses timeboxes as the basis of an interactive query tool.
The combination of an interactive large screen display and wireless handheld devices in a meeting room setting can augment and enhance collaborative activities. This work examines the issues in developing applications...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134541
The combination of an interactive large screen display and wireless handheld devices in a meeting room setting can augment and enhance collaborative activities. This work examines the issues in developing applications to support such a collaborative meeting place.
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