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The Importance of Translucence in Mobile Computing Systems

ACM Transactions on computer-human interaction 2002年第1期9卷 42-67页

作者： Ebling, Maria R. John, Bonnie E. Satyanarayanan, M. IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights 704 NY 10598 United States Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh 5000 Forbes Avenue PA 15213 United States Department of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh 5000 Forbes Avenue PA 15213 United States

Mobile computing has been an active area of research for the past decade, but its importance will increase substantially in the decade to come. One problem faced by designers of mobile systems is that of maintaining the illusion of connectivity even when network performance is poor or nonexistent. The Coda file system uses its cache to maintain this illusion. Extensive experience with the system suggests that, although users find the functionality provided by the system extremely valuable, new users face an arduous learning curve and even experienced users are sometimes confused by the system's behavior. The fundamental problem is that the lack of a strong network connection causes the system to violate a key property of caching: transparency. To overcome this problem, we have built an interface, called the CodaConsole, that makes caching translucent to users through controlled exposure of cache management internals. The interface exposes critical aspects of caching to support the mobile user while hiding noncritical details to preserve usability. This article presents the design, implementation, and usability evaluation of this interface. The CodaConsole successfully makes caching translucent in the presence of disconnected or weakly connected operation. The most surprising result was that novice Coda users performed almost as well as experienced Coda users. © 2002, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coda Design disconnected operation Experimentation human Factors mobile computing translucent cache management weakly connected operation

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Observed behavior and perceived value of authors in usenet newsgroups: Bridging the gap 02

Observed behavior and perceived value of authors in usenet n...

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SIGCHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems: Changing our World, Changing Ourselves, CHI '02

作者： Fiore, Andrew T. LeeTiernan, Scott Smith, Marc A. Human-Computer Interaction Lab Cornell University 209 Kennedy Hall Ithaca NY 14850 United States Department of Psychology University of Washington Box 53525 Seattle WA 98195 United States Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581134533

In this paper we describe an evaluation of behavioral descriptors generated from an analysis of a large collection of Usenet newsgroup messages. The metrics describe aspects of newsgroup authors' behavior over time;such information can aid in filtering, sorting, and recommending content from public discussion spaces like newsgroups. To assess the value of a variety of these behavioral descriptors, we compared 22 participants' subjective evaluations of authors whose messages they read to behavioral metrics describing the same authors. We found that many metrics, particularly the longevity and frequency of participation, the number of newsgroups to which authors contribute messages, and the amount they contribute to each thread, correlate highly with readers' subjective evaluations of the authors.

关键词： Information filtering

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CHI@20: Fighting our way from marginality to power

CHI@20: Fighting our way from marginality to power

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Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2002

作者： Shneiderman, Ben Card, Stuart Norman, Donald A. Tremaine, Marilyn Waldrop, M. Mitchell Department of Computer Science Human-Computer Interaction Lab. University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Xerox PARC Palo Alto CA United States Nielsen Norman Group Northbrook IL United States New Jersey Institute of Technology 4105 Information Technology Center University Heights Newark NJ 07102 United States 2430 39th Street NW Washington DC 20007 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581134541

The Special Interest Group on computer human interaction (SIGCHI) has had a successful history of 20 years of growth in its numbers and influence. To help guide the continued evolution of the academic discipline and professional community, we invite several senior members to offer their visions for what the field of CHI actually accomplished over the past several decades, and what do we still need to accomplish? What do we need to do differently/ better/smarter? What haven't we tried because the technology, the money or the will wasn't there in the past, but perhaps is now? The CHI field is more than just technology. We understand that our work can have a profound effect on individuals, families, neighborhoods, corporations, and countries. We know that we can influence education, commerce, healthcare, and government. How can we contribute to bridging the digital divides in developed and developing countries? What agendas can we offer for the academic, research, industrial, and civic spheres for the next 20 years? How can we be more ambitious? How can we truly serve human needs?

关键词： Industrial research

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Virtual peg-in-hole performance using a 6-DOF magnetic levitation haptic device: comparison with real forces and with visual guidance alone

Virtual peg-in-hole performance using a 6-DOF magnetic levit...

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International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (HAPTICS)

作者： B.J. Unger A. Nicolaidis P.J. Berkelman A. Thompson S. Lederman R.L. Klatzky R.L. Hollis Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA The Robotics Institute School of Computer Science Department of Psychology Human Computer Interaction Institute John Hopkins University Department of Psychology Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0769514898

We describe two experiments using three testbeds (real, virtual and vision-only) for comparison of user performance during 3-D peg-in-hole tasks. Tasks are performed using a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) magnetic levitation haptic device. The experimental design allows a user to experience real and virtual forces using the same device. The first experiment compares real and virtual tasks. In the virtual task, a peg and hole are rendered haptically and visually. During the real task, a physical peg is attached to the underside of the haptic device. A hole in a plate attached to a force/torque sensor receives the peg. The second experiment compares a virtual haptic task to one performed using vision alone. Preliminary results indicate increased task time, more variation in force and position, and more failures occur with the virtual task than with the real task. More variation in force and position, and more failures occur with the vision-only task than with the virtual task. Users apply similar strategies for virtual and real tasks. Virtual haptic display, while worse than reality, contributes significantly to task performance when compared to vision alone.

关键词： Magnetic levitation Haptic interfaces Testing Displays Force sensors Torque Feedback Psychology Performance analysis Force measurement

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Mobile ad hoc collaboration

Mobile ad hoc collaboration

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Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2002

作者： Kortuem, Gerd Gellersen, Hans-Werner Billinghurst, Mark Computer Science Dept. University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 United States Lancaster University Computing Department Lancaster LA1 4YR United Kingdom Human Interface Tech. Lab. University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581134541

The combination of personal mobile devices and mobile ad hoc networks for mobile collaboration was discussed. The possible application scenarios include informal social interactions in public places, opportunistic meetings in office settings and educational multi-user applications for use in classrooms. The success of ad hoc networks largely depends on the applications and social benefits they provide.

关键词： Ad-hoc networks CSCW MANET Mobile collaboration PAN Spontaneous collaboration

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Progressive feature extraction by extended greedy information acquisition

Progressive feature extraction by extended greedy informatio...

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International Conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： R. Kamimura H. Takeuchi O. Uchida Information Science Laboratory and Future Science and Technology Joint Research Center Tokai University Hirakata Kanagawa Japan Human-Computer Interaction Group Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan Department of Information Science and Future Science and Technology Joint Research Center Tokai University Hirakata Kanagawa Japan

We propose a new network growing method to detect salient features in input patterns. The new method is based upon a previous network growing model (R. Kamimura and T. Kamimura, 2002) and introduced to overcome some problems in the previous model. We have so far tried to build a model that can learn input patterns as efficiently as possible. To realize this efficiency, we impose upon networks a constraint that only connections into new competitive units must be updated to absorb as much information as possible from outside. However, one of the problems is that the previous improper feature extraction prevents networks from extracting appropriate features in the later learning stages. To overcome this problem, we relax the condition of the previous model, and we permit networks to update all connections for gradual feature extraction at the expense of computational efficiency. We applied the new method to a simple problem that the previous model cannot solve, and information education data analysis. In both problems, we found that the new method can appropriately extract features from input patterns.

关键词： Feature extraction Neurons Information science computer vision Data mining Computational efficiency humans Biomedical engineering Data analysis Information analysis

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Greedy information acquisition algorithm: a new information theoretic method for network growing

Greedy information acquisition algorithm: a new information ...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： R. Kamimura T. Kamimura O. Uchida T. Takeuchi Information Science Laboratory and Future Science and Technology Joint Research Center Tokai University Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan Department of English Senshu University Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan Department of Network Engineering Kanagawa Institute of Technology Atsugi Kanagawa Japan Human-Computer Interaction Group Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan

In this paper, we propose a new information theoretic network growing algorithm. The new approach is called greedy information acquisition, because networks try to absorb as much information as possible in every stage of learning. In the first stage, two competitive units compete with each other by maximizing mutual information. In the successive stages, new competitive units are gradually added and information is maximized. Through greedy information maximization, different sets of important features in input patterns can be cumulatively discovered in successive stages. We applied our approach to a language classification problem. Experimental results confirmed that different features in input patterns are gradually discovered.

关键词： Biomedical engineering Information science humans Mutual information Neural networks Neurons

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Implementation of invisible messenger system to whisper in a person's ear remotely by integrating visual face tracking and speaker array

Implementation of invisible messenger system to whisper in a...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： H. Mizoguchi T. Kanamori S. Kagami K. Hirao M. Tanaka T. Shigehara T. Mishima Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan Honda Motor Corp. Dept. of Information and Computer Science Saitama University Saitama Japan Digital Human Lab. AIST Tokyo Waterfront Tokyo Japan

This paper presents a working prototype system of a novel computer-human interface, named invisible messenger. It integrates visual face detection and tracking, and speaker array signal processing. By speaker array it is possible to form acoustic focus at the arbitrary location that is measured by the face tracking. Thus the implemented system can whisper in a person's ear as if an invisible virtual messenger were standing by the person. In this paper, the authors describe both ideas behind the system and key technology for the implementation. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the system, the authors conduct experiments using it. This paper also reports the experiment. Experimental remits demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed idea.

关键词： Ear Face detection humans computer displays Loudspeakers Robustness Brightness Keyboards Mouth Target tracking

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Interactive exploration of time series data 4th

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4th International Conference on Discovery science, DS 2001

作者： Hochheiser, Harry Shneiderman, Ben Department of Computer Science and Human-Computer Interaction Lab University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Computer Science Human-Computer Interaction Lab Institute for Advanced Computer Studies Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540429562

Widespread interest in discovering features and trends in time- series has generated a need for tools that support interactive *** paper introduces timeboxes: a powerful direct-manipulation metaphor for the specification of queries over time series datasets. Our TimeSearcher implementation of timeboxes supports interactive formulation and modification of queries, thus speeding the process of exploring time series data sets and guiding data mining. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001.

关键词： Time series

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Developing heuristics for synchronous collaborative systems

Developing heuristics for synchronous collaborative systems

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Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2001

作者： Drury, Jill Department of Computer Science Human Computer Interaction Group University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581133405

Heuristic evaluation is widely used for single-user computer systems, but research is ongoing to find a valid set of heuristics that can be applied to synchronous multiuser, or collaborative, computing systems. I have derived a set of heuristics based on six theories and metaphors of collaborative system behavior. The heuristics are being validated through use and a planned experiment. Copyright © 2012 ACM, Inc.

关键词： Computation theory

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