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Real-time refinement: Semantics and application 18th

18th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of computer science, MFCS 1993

作者： Scholefield, David Zedan, Hussein Jifeng, He Formal Systems Research Group Department of Computer Science University of York Heslington York United Kingdom Programming Research Group Oxford University Keble Road Oxford United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783540571827

A formal framework for a calculus of real-time systems is presented. Specifications and program statements are combined into a single language called TAM (the Temporal Agent Model), that allows the user to express both functional and timing properties. A specification oriented semantics for TAM is given, along with the definition of a refinement relation and a calculus which is sound with respect to that relation. A simple real-time program is also developed using the calculus. © 1993, Springer Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Towards a framework for integrating intelligent tutoring systems and gaming-simulation 93

Towards a framework for integrating intelligent tutoring sys...

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25th Conference on Winter Simulation, WSC 1993

作者： Angelides, Marios C. Paul, Ray J. Information Systems Department London School of Economics Houghton Street LondonWC2A 2AE United Kingdom Computer Science Department Brunei University Uxbridge MiddlesexUB8 3PH United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)078031381X

This paper discusses possible roles for Intelligent Tutoring systems that could be adopted in a man-machine gaming-simulation environment to enhance the pedagogical effectiveness of such an environment as a learning tool. The discussion leads to a proposed possible architecture for using Intelligent Tutoring systems approaches within gaming-simulation applications.

关键词： computer aided instruction

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Speech recognition using the atomic speech units constructed from overlapping articulatory features 3

Speech recognition using the atomic speech units constructed...

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3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1993

作者： Deng, Li Sun, Don Spoken Language Systems Group Laboratory for Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Statistics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

We report our recent development of a feature-based general statistical framework for automatic speech recognition. The design of the feature-based atomic units of speech is aimed at a parsimonious scheme to share the inter-word and inter-phone speech data and at a unified way to account for the context-dependent behaviors in speech. We provide detailed descriptions of the design considerations for the recognizer and of key aspects of the design process. This process, which we call lexicon "compilation", consists of three elements: 1) establishing a feature-specification system;2) constructing a probabilistic and fractional temporal overlapping pattern across the features;and 3) mapping from the feature-overlap pattern to a state-transition graph. A standard phonetic classification task from the TIMIT database is used as a testbed to evaluate the performance of the recognizer. The experimental results show error-rate reductions ranging from 15% to 27% compared with a conventional context-independent phonetic classifier. © 1993 3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1993. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Workshop description: Industrial and commercial applications of fuzzy logic 8th

Workshop description: Industrial and commercial applications...

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8th Austrian Artificial Intelligence Conference on Fuzzy Logic, FLAI 1993

作者： Geyer-Schulz, Andreas Kotauczek, Peter Department of Business Administration / Management Information Systems University of Augsburg Memmmgerstraße 18 AugsburgD-8900 Germany Department of Applied Computer Science Institute of Information Processing and Information Economics Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration Augasse 2-6 ViennaA-1090 Austria BEKO Gmbh Weißgerberlände 38 ViennaA-1030 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783540569206

The FLAI’93 workshop "Industrial and Commercial Applications of Fuzzy Logic" will provide an informal forum to conference participants to address key issues in industrial and commercial applications of fuzzy logic. The objective of the workshop is to discuss emerging applications of fuzzy logic based technology, to start a dialogue on exploring new ways of applying fuzzy logic and ways to increase the role of fuzzy logic in engineering and decision-making disciplines. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993.

关键词： Fuzzy logic

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On the relation between number‐size distributions and the fractal dimension of aggregates

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European Journal of Soil science 1993年第4期44卷

作者： J. W. CRAWFORD B. D. SLEEMANt I. M. YOUNG Centre for Non‐linear Systems in Biology Soil‐Plant Dynamics Group Scottish Crop Research Institute Dundee DO2 SDA Centre for Non‐linear Systems in Biology Department of Mathematics & Computer Science University of Dundee Dundee DD14HN UK

Number‐size distributions (i.e. particle‐ and aggregate‐size distributions) have historically been used as indicators of soil structure, and recent work has aimed to quantify this link using fractals to model the soil fabric. This interpretation of number‐size distributions is evaluated, and it is shown that a number‐size relation described by a power law does not in itself imply fractal structure as suggested, and a counter example is presented. Where fractal structure is assumed, it is shown that the power‐law exponent, φ, describing the number‐size distribution cannot be interpreted as the mass‐fractal dimension, D M , of the aggregate. If the probability of fragmentation is independent of fragment diameter, then the exponent may be identified with the boundary dimension, D B , of the original matrix. If, however, as is likely, this probability is scale‐dependent, then φ may over‐ or under‐estimate the boundary dimension depending on whether the fragmentation probability increases or decreases with fragment size. The significance of these conclusions is discussed in terms of the interpretation of number‐size distributions, and alternative methods for quantifying and interpreting soil structure are evaluated.

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CONCURRENT BOUNDARY-ELEMENT COMPUTATION

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS 1993年第2期6卷 83-98页

作者： MCDOWALL, DS LEE, TW FUSCO, VF Microwave Research Group Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Queen's University of Belfast Ashby Building Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AH Northern Ireland U.K. D. Stewart McDowall was born in Dublin epublic of Ireland in 1967. He received the M. Eng. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the Queen's University of Belfast in 1990. In the same year he was presented with a Distinction Award from the Department of Education of Northern Ireland and he is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in the Microwave Research Group at Q.U.B. His principal research area is the electromagnetic field mapping of microwave systems using concurrient programming. He is an Associate Member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers. Lee Thaim Wee was awarded the degree of B. Eng. in Electronics from the Queen's University of Belfast in July 1991. He is currently serving in the Malaysian Armed Forces. Vincent F. Fusco was educated at the Queen's Univeristy of Belfast where he obtained the degree of Ph.D. in 1982. He has worked as a research engineer on short-range radar and radio telementry systems. Currently he is a reader in Microwave Communications in the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science the Queen's Univeristy of Belfast. His current research interests include non-linear microwave circuit simulation and concurrent programming techniques for electromagnetic field problems with particular emphasis on EMC applications. He has published numerous research papers in these areas. He is the author of the bookMicrowave Circuits Analysis and Computer Aided Design Prentice-Hall 1987. Dr Fusco is a Chartered Electrical Engineer and a Member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers.

A major limitation of the boundary element method (BEM) for the solution of electrical potential problems is the long computational time required. However, a large portion of the calculations involved can be viewed as being parallel in nature and can therefore be computed concurrently. This paper makes an effort to increase the efficiency of the BEM process using transputer-based multiprocessor computing techniques. The algorithms developed may equally well be applied to any multiprocessor system. The application selected to demonstrate the technique is the solution of an electrostatic problem governed by a two-dimensional Laplace equation. A parallel algorithm for problem setup and field extraction using BEM is designed and implemented on a transputer array. Special attention is directed to the utilization of the parallel processors to achieve maximum efficiency. The analysis in this work concentrates on the communication strategies for passing data between processors as well as a consideration of the workload attributed to each processor. The parallel algorithms were implemented using 3L Parallel Fortran;however, the choice of topology for the overall BEM implementation was limited by the fact that certain parts of the algorithm could only utilize a pipeline configuration of processors. Comprehensive results for the parallel BEM algorithm are given and they are encouraging, indicating that parallel processing has much to offer when applied to the boundary element method.

关键词： Boundary element method

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TLM MODELING USING AN SIMD computer

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS 1993年第4期6卷 299-304页

作者： TAN, CC FUSCO, VF The Queen's University of Belfast Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Ashby Building Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AH U.K. Chun Chia Tan obtained a first-class honours degree from The Queen's University of Belfast. He was awarded an IEE prize for best final-year project. His current research interests include the modelling of electromagnetic fields using parallel processing techniques. At present Mr Tan is working as an electrical engineer in Malaysia. Vincent F. Fusco was educated at The Queen's University of Belfast where he obtained the degree of Ph.D. He has worked as a research engineer on short-range radar and radio telementry systems. Currently he is a Reader in Microwave Commnications in the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The Queen's Univeristy of Belfast. His current research interests include non-linear microwave circuit simulation and concurrent programming techniques for electromagnetic field problems. He has acted as consultant to a number of major companies and has published numerous research papers in these areas. He is author of the bookMicrowave Circuits Analysis and Computer Aided Design(Prentice Hall 1987). Dr Fusco is a Chartered Electrical Engineer and a Member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers.

A major limitation of the transmission-line matrix (TLM) method used to solve Maxwell's equations is the long computation time required. The TLM scattering calculations involved can, however, be viewed as parallel in nature. This paper describes an effort to reduce computational time by using an SIMD, DAP multiprocessor computer employed to solve a two-dimensional TLM electromagnetic field formulation. A parallel algorithm based on the TLM scattering algorithm is designed and implemented using FORTRAN-PLUS Enhanced on an AMT DAP 510 machine. Here the connectivity of the DAP is exploited to simulate the intrinsic scattering behaviour on which the TLM algorithm relies. The results show that parallel processing on an SIMD machine such as the DAP is advantageous, especially for higher-order mesh sizes.

关键词： Electric lines

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A MODEL OF SOME SHORT-TERM MECHANISMS CONTROLLING SYSTEMIC PRESSURE 14

A MODEL OF SOME SHORT-TERM MECHANISMS CONTROLLING SYSTEMIC P...

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14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONF OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY

作者： DIGIAMMARCO, P URSINO, M ANTONUCCI, M BELARDINELLI, E Department of Electronics Computer Science and Systems V. le Risorgimento 2 Bologna I-40136 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0780307852

In this work we analyze the role of the reflex control of total systemic vascular capacity through an original mathematical model of the human cardiovascular system. The model includes the elastic and resistive properties of systemic and pulmonary arteries and veins, the dependence of cardiac output on atrial pressure, and the action of the carotid sinus baroreflex on both systemic resistance and heart rate as well as on systemic venous unstressed volume. The values of model feedback gains were assigned to simulate the results of some experiments performed on vagotomized animals in an open loop condition. The effect of the carotid sinus baroreflex on unstressed volume, cardiac output and arterial pressure is correctly reproduced by the model. Analysis of the interactions between the mechanisms involved in the short-term arterial pressure control demonstrates that a mechanism acting on systemic venous capacity may have a significant role in cardiovascular homeostasis. It may especially contribute to the regulation of arterial pressure by modulating central venous pressure, hence improving cardiac performance and buffering the effect of acute hemodynamic changes.

关键词： Heart

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INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE DYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEAD-INJURY - A MATHEMATICAL STUDY 14

INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE DYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEAD-...

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14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONF OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY

作者： URSINO, M STOCCHETTI, N Department of Electronics Computer Science and Systems Viale Risorgimento 2 Bologna 140136 Italy Centro di Rianimazione Ospedali Riuniti Parma Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0780307852

The time pattern of intracranial pressure (ICP) was examined in five patients with severe head injury using an original mathematical model of craniospinal dynamics. With this model we simulated the ICP response to the injection or withdrawal of small amount of fluid into the cranial cavity, and the ICP pulse amplitude sincronous with the cardiac beat. Results of our simulations indicate that, in two patients, the time pattern of ICP can be explained through a balance between CSF production rate, CSF reabsorption rate and the storage capacity of the craniospinal system. However, in the other three patients, the ICP time pattern exhibited an anomalous response following fluid injection or fluid withdrawal. The model explains these responses imputing them to active changes in cerebral blood volume induced by regulatory mechanisms. In conclusion, our study supports the idea that the ICP pattern cannot be imputed only to CSF dynamics and craniospinal compliance. In several cases the interaction between ICP and cerebral hemodynamics must be also taken into account to gain sufficient understanding of the biomechanical factors leading to ICP changes in patients with severe head injury.

关键词： Dynamics

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DEGAS: A SYSTEM FOR RULE-BASED DIPHONE SPEECH SYNTHESIS 2

DEGAS: A SYSTEM FOR RULE-BASED DIPHONE SPEECH SYNTHESIS

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2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 1992

作者： Manzara, Leonard C. Hill, David R. Computer-Human Systems Lab Department of Computer Science University of Calgary CalgaryABT2N 1N4 Canada

This paper describes DEGAS, a Diphone Editor and Generator for Animation and Speech. DEGAS is a simple to use, yet powerful computer program designed to give researchers the means to develop speech synthesis rulebases in a diphone framework. It is an open system, allowing an unlimited number of arbitrary symbols for phones, synthesizer parameters, and categories. An arbitrary number of rules can be formed by combining these symbols with boolean operators. Target values for every parameter are prescribed by the user to define postures for each phone. A transition profile, zero or more special event profiles, and duration rules are specified by the user to define the interpolation between the two sets of targets in a diphone pair. DEGAS provides immediate audio and visual feedback, as well as a means to create a complete diphone inventory. © 1992 2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 1992. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech synthesis

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