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Optics for terawatt-scale photovoltaics: review and perspectives

Advances in Optics and Photonics 2025年第1期17卷 185-294页

作者： Jäger, Klaus Aeberhard, Urs Llado, Esther Alarcon Bläsi, Benedikt Burger, Sven Ehrler, Bruno Favre, Wilfried Fejfar, Antonín Gageot, Tristan Gordon, Ivan Helmers, Henning Höhn, Oliver Isabella, Olindo Jošt, Marko Ledinský, Martin Mandal, Jyotirmoy Manley, Phillip Muñoz, Delfina Omair, Zunaid Lizcano, Juan Camilo Ortiz Paetzold, Ulrich W. Raman, Aaswath P. Sai, Hitoshi Saive, Rebecca Schmid, Martina Yablonovitch, Eli Becker, Christiane Department Optics for Solar Energy Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Kekuléstraße 5 Berlin12489 Germany Computational Nano Optics Zuse Institute Berlin Takustraße 7 Berlin14195 Germany Fluxim AG Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 Winterthur8400 Switzerland LMPV-Sustainable Energy Materials Department AMOLF Science Park 104 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2 Freiburg79100 Germany JCMwave GmbH Bolivarallee 22 Berlin14050 Germany Université Grenoble Alpes CEA LITEN Campus INES 50 avenue du Lac Léman Le Bourget-du-Lac73375 France FZU - Institute of Physics The Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 1999/2 Prague 8182 00 Czech Republic IMEC/Energyville Thor Park 8320 Genk3600 Belgium Hasselt University Martelarenlaan 42 Hasselt3500 Belgium Photovoltaic Materials and Devices Laboratory Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 Delft2628 CD Netherlands University of Freiburg Emmy-Noether-Str.2 Freiburg79110 Germany Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Ljubljana Tržaška 25 Ljubljana1000 Slovenia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University E209A Engineering Quadrangle PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Institute of Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Light Technology Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8568 Japan MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology Inorganic Materials Science University of Twente NB Enschede7522 Netherlands University of Duisburg-Essen Forsthausweg 2 Duisburg47057 Germany Faculty 1 School of Engineering – Energy and Information Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin

In this section, we described the various device architectures in production for crystalline-silicon PV as well as the various absorber materials being used and developed for thin-film PV. We also explained why multijunction PV technology is considered the future of PV technology. We identified four major technological challenges (Fig. 1) for future mass production and deployment of PV technology in order to achieve the goal of climate neutrality and indicated how optics could help resolve these challenges. The four main challenges (Fig. 1) are: • Sustainable production of PV systems;• Higher energy conversion efficiencies;• Higher energy output and operational lifetime;• Integration of PV systems in their environment. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA). All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy conversion efficiency

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Implementation of a Scalable Platform for Real-Time Monitoring of Machine Tools

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Tapia, Endika Lopez-Novoa, Unai Sastoque-Pinilla, Leonardo López-De-Lacalle, Luis Norberto Aeronautics Advanced Manufacturing Center University of the Basque Country Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 202 Zamudio48170 Spain Department of Computer Languages and Systems University of the Basque Country Rafael Moreno pasealekua 2-3 Bilbao48013 Spain Department of Mechanical Engineering University of the Basque Country Torres Quevedo enparantza s/n Bilbao48013 Spain

In the new hyper connected factories, data gathering, and prediction models are key to keeping both productivity and piece quality. This paper presents a software platform that monitors and detects outliers in an industrial manufacturing process using scalable software tools. The platform collects data from a machine, processes it, and displays visualizations in a dashboard along with the results. A statistical method is used to detect outliers in the manufacturing process. The performance of the platform is assessed in two ways: firstly by monitoring a five-axis milling machine and secondly, using simulated tests. Former tests prove the suitability of the platform and reveal the issues that arise in a real environment, and latter tests prove the scalability of the platform with higher data processing needs than the previous ones. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine tools

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Significance of Single Interval Discrete Attributes: Case Study on 2-Level Discretisation

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Stańczyk, Urszula Zielosko, Beata Baron, Grzegorz Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 2A Gliwice44-100 Poland Institute of Computer Science University of Silesia in Katowice Bȩdzińska 39 Sosnowiec41-200 Poland

Supervised discretisation is widely considered as far more advantageous form of transformation than unsupervised processing of attributes. When evaluating candidate cut-points for splitting the ranges of values of discretised features, the supervised methods help to preserve informative content of a variable, which is useful for classification. After a discretisation process, based on employed criteria, some attributes can be found as irrelevant, with all their values represented in discrete domain by a single interval. In consequence, such variables are removed from considerations, and no knowledge is mined from them. The paper presents research works focused on extended 2-level transformations of attributes values, with combining supervised with unsupervised discretisation strategies. For all variables with single intervals returned from supervised algorithms, the ranges of values were divided by unsupervised methods with varying numbers of bins. Resulting variants of data were subjected to selected data mining techniques and performance of chosen classifiers evaluated and compared. The experiments were performed on stylometric task of authorship attribution. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pattern recognition

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Controlling Unknown Quantum States via Data-Driven State Representations

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhu, Yan Xiao, Tailong Zeng, Guihua Chiribella, Giulio Wu, Ya-Dong QICI Quantum Information and Computation Initiative Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai201315 China Department of Computer Science Parks Road OxfordOX1 3QD United Kingdom Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada John Hopcroft Center for Computer Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

Accurate control of quantum states is crucial for quantum computing and other quantum technologies. In the basic scenario, the task is to steer a quantum system towards a target state through a sequence of control operations. Determining the appropriate operations, however, generally requires information about the initial state of the system. Gathering this information becomes increasingly challenging when the initial state is not a priori known and the system’s size grows large. To address this problem, we develop a machine-learning algorithm that uses a small amount of measurement data to construct its internal representation of the system’s state. The algorithm compares this data-driven representation with a representation of the target state, and uses reinforcement learning to output the appropriate control operations. We illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm showing that it achieves accurate control of unknown many-body quantum states and non-Gaussian continuous-variable states using data from a limited set of quantum measurements. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Quantification of Honey Adulteration Using a Planar Microstrip Metamaterial-Motivated Sensor and Software-Defined Radio

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年

作者： Hasar, Ugur C. Hasar, Hafize Kaya, Yunus Ozturk, Hamdullah Korkmaz, Huseyin Kosunalp, Selahattin Iliev, Teodor Islam, Mohammad Tariqul Nayyeri, Vahid Ramahi, Omar Mustafa Gaziantep University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Gaziantep27310 Turkey Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey Gaziantep Turkey Bayburt University Department of Electronics and Automation Bayburt69010 Turkey Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Gaziantep27010 Turkey Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University Department of Computer Technologies Bandırma10200 Turkey University of Ruse "Angel Kanchev" Department of Telecommunication Ruse7017 Bulgaria Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Bangi43600 Malaysia Iran University of Science and Technology School of Advanced Technologies Tehran*** Iran University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ON WaterlooN2L 3G1 Canada

This work presents the application of a planar microstrip metamaterial (MM)- motivated sensor in the form of a split-ring resonator (SRR) for the detection and quantification of water adulteration in honey samples. The proposed sensor utilizes inexpensive software-defined radio (SDR) measurements, offering a cost-effective solution. Unlike previous MM sensors employing SRR configuration, our proposed MM-motivated sensor is integrated with a microstrip feedline and an additional vertical bar, enhancing its sensing capability. To enable accurate measurements, a simple calibration procedure based on baseline normalization is implemented, allowing for amplitude-only transmission measurements (|S21|) using the SDR. A special sample holder was designed to increase repeatability of measurements. We separately employ two post-processing techniques, namely the rolling average (RA) approach and the Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter, to effectively eliminate ripples in the measured |S21| data obtained from the SDR. For validation and evaluation of the proposed sensor and post-processing techniques, measurements of flower honey samples with water adulteration levels (δ) up to 10% (mass-to-mass basis) were also performed using a vector network analyzer. The resonance frequency of |S21| is utilized as the basis for analysis. We establish a metric function (linear function) that correlates the shift in resonance frequency with the δ. It is observed that this function fits to measured resonance frequency values with an R2 value greater than 0.96 for both post-processing techniques with or without the sample holder. By inverting this function, we can predict δ with considerable accuracy for a given resonance frequency by using another linear function. It is observed that percentage variations between predicted and measured δ values are between 1.54% and 6.46% for testing samples with δ = 5% and δ = 7%. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Adulteration honey metamaterials microwaves planar structures rolling average Savitzky-Golay filter sensors water

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Toward Mixture-of-Experts Enabled Trustworthy Semantic Communication for 6G Networks

引用

IEEE Network 2024年

作者： He, Jiayi Luo, Xiaofeng Kang, Jiawen Du, Hongyang Xiong, Zehui Chen, Ci Niyato, Dusit Shen, Xuemin Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation Guangzhou510006 China Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Singapore639798 Singapore Singapore University of Technology and Design Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Semantic Communication (SemCom) plays a pivotal role in 6G networks, offering a viable solution for future efficient communication. Through nonlinear mapping of semantic representations, Deep Learning (DL)-based semantic communications further enhance communication efficiency. However, the vulnerability of DL models to security threats, such as adversarial attacks, poses significant challenges for practical applications of SemCom systems. These vulnerabilities allow attackers to tamper with messages and eavesdrop on private information, especially in wireless communication scenarios. Although existing defenses attempt to address specific threats, they often fail to simultaneously handle multiple heterogeneous attacks. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)-based SemCom system, comprising a gating network and multiple experts, each specializing in different security challenges. The gating network adaptively selects suitable experts to counter heterogeneous attacks based on user-defined security requirements. Multiple experts collaborate to accomplish semantic communication tasks while meeting the security requirements of users. A case study in vehicular networks demonstrates the efficacy of the MoE-based SemCom system. Simulation results show that the proposed MoE-based SemCom system effectively mitigates concurrent heterogeneous attacks, with minimal impact on downstream task accuracy. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Novel symmetric numerical methods for solving symmetric mathematical problems

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International Journal of Circuits, systems and Signal Processing 2021年 15卷 1545-1557页

作者： Ibrahimov, V.R. Mehdiyeva, G.Y.U. Yue, Xiao-Guang Kaabar, Mohammed K.A. Noeiaghdam, Samad Juraev, Davron Aslonqulovich Institute of Control Systems named after Academician A.Huseynov BakuAZ1141 Azerbaijan Computational mathematics Baku State University BakuAZ1148 Azerbaijan Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Sciences European University Cyprus Nicosia1516 Cyprus Institute of Mathematical Sciences Faculty of Science University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Department of Mathematics and Statistics Washington State University PullmanWA99163 United States Industrial Mathematics Laboratory Baikal School of BRICS Irkutsk National Research Technical University Irkutsk664074 Russia Department of Applied Mathematics and Programming South Ural State University Lenin Prospect 76 Chelyabinsk454080 Russia Department of Natural Science Disciplines Higher Military Aviation School of the Republic of Uzbekistan Karshi City180100 Uzbekistan

—The mathematical model for many problems is arising in different industries of natural science, basically formulated using differential, integral and integro-differential equations. The investigation of these equations is conducted with the help of numerical integration theory. It is commonly known that a class of problems can be solved by applying numerical integration. The construction of the quadrature formula has a direct relation with the computation of definite integrals. The theory of definite integrals is used in geometry, physics, mechanics and in other related subjects of science. In this work, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of above-mentioned equations are investigated. By this way, the domain has been defined in which the solution of these problems is equivalent. All proposed four problems can be solved using one and the same methods. We define some domains in which the solution of one of these problems is also the solution of the other problems. Some stable methods with the degree p © 2021, North Atlantic University Union NAUN. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integrodifferential equations

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Coordinated control design for steering and torque-vectoring in Model-Free Control structure*

引用

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2022年第6期55卷 496-501页

作者： Tamás Hegedűs Dániel Fényes Balázs Németh Zoltán Szabó Péter Gáspár Institute for Computer Science and Control (SZTAKI) Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH) Budapest Hungary Department of Control for Transportation and Vehicle Systems Budapest University of Technology and Economics Stoczek u. 2 H-1111 Budapest Hungary

Model-Free Control (MFC) approach is a novel technique to handle nonlinearities and uncertainties in control systems in order to provide enhanced performance level. The design of MFC is based on an ultra-local model, which is an approximation of the dynamics of the controlled system for a short period of time. This structure also involves a model-based robust control, which guarantees the accurate tracking performance of the closed-loop system. In this paper, a novel technique is proposed for designing the robust control for taking into account the varying characteristics of the ultra-local model. A novel modeling method is presented, which combines the original plant of the controlled system and the ultra-local model. Then, a robust control design is proposed, by which the tracking performance and the robustness of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed. The design steps and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated through a vehicle-oriented control problem using the high-fidelity simulation software, CarMaker.

关键词： model-free control torque vectoring automated vehicles robust control

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STAR-RIS-Assisted Covert Wireless Communications With Randomly Distributed Blockages

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年第6期24卷 4690-4705页

作者： Li, Xingwang Zhao, Jingwei Chen, Gaojie Hao, Wanming Costa, Daniel Benevides da Nallanathan, Arumugam Shin, Hyundong Yuen, Chau Henan Polytechnic University School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Jiaozuo454099 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Guangdong Shenzhen518107 China University of Surrey 5GIC 6GIC Centre GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom Zhengzhou University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou450001 China King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Interdisciplinary Research Center for Communication Systems and Sensing Department of Electrical Engineering Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia Queen Mary University of London School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Kyung Hee University Department of Electronic Engineering Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of Kyung Hee University Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering Gyeonggido Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Jurong West 639798 Singapore

As one of the promising technologies, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and simultaneous transmitting and reflecting RIS (STAR-RIS) have attracted great interest. However, the existing RISs offer broadband tuning capability without filtering function due to the absence of radio frequency (RF) units, which easily leads to the unexpected tuning of the RIS undesired signals, especially in large-scale deployments. For the target network, it is difficult to obtain the parameter settings of RISs to serve other networks, which causes the unpredictability of the wireless environment. In this paper, we consider the covert communication in a STAR-RIS assisted random wireless network with randomly distributed blockages. We investigate the impact of STAR-RIS large-scale deployment on covert communication and leverage its inherent unpredictability for improving the covertness. We derive the average detection error probability for warden within the random wireless networks. Furthermore, we optimize the passive beamforming of STAR-RIS to maximize the covert communication rate, considering both direct and indirect line-of-sight (LoS) links. To address this, we employ an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm based on the semi-definite programming (SDP) method. Finally, numerical results demonstrate significant enhancements and increase covert capability achieved through the large-scale deployment of STAR RIS. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Policy Evaluation in Distributional LQR

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2025年

作者： Wang, Zifan Gao, Yulong Wang, Siyi Zavlanos, Michael M. Abate, Alessandro Johansson, Karl H. KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Enginnering and Computer Science Sweden Digital Futures StockholmSE-10044 Sweden Imperial College London Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Technical University of Munich School of Computation Information and Technology Munich80333 Germany Duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science DurhamNC United States University of Oxford Department of Computer Science OxfordOX1 3QD United Kingdom

Distributional reinforcement learning (DRL) enhances the understanding of the effects of the randomness in the environment by letting agents learn the distribution of a random return, rather than its expected value as in standard reinforcement learning. Meanwhile, a challenge in DRL is that the policy evaluation typically relies on the representation of the return distribution, which needs to be carefully designed. In this paper, we address this challenge for the special class of DRL problems that rely on a discounted linear quadratic regulator (LQR), which we call distributional LQR. Specifically, we provide a closed-form expression for the distribution of the random return, which is applicable for all types of exogenous disturbance as long as it is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). We show that the variance of the random return is bounded if the fourth moment of the exogenous disturbance is bounded. Furthermore, we investigate the sensitivity of the return distribution to model perturbations. While the proposed exact return distribution consists of infinitely many random variables, we show that this distribution can be well approximated by a finite number of random variables. The associated approximation error can be analytically bounded under mild assumptions. When the model is unknown, we propose a model-free approach for estimating the return distribution, supported by sample complexity guarantees. Finally, we extend our approach to partially observable linear systems. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the theoretical results. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： distribution sensitivity Distributional LQR distributional RL partially observable system policy evaluation

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