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arXiv 2021年

作者： Pashayan, Hakop Reardon-Smith, Oliver Korzekwa, Kamil Bartlett, Stephen D. Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Combinatorics and Optimization University of Waterloo ONN2L 3G1 Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków30-348 Poland Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems School of Physics The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia

We present two classical algorithms for the simulation of universal quantum circuits on n qubits constructed from c instances of Clifford gates and t arbitrary-angle Z-rotation gates such as T gates. Our algorithms complement each other by performing best in different parameter regimes. The Estimate algorithm produces an additive precision estimate of the Born rule probability of a chosen measurement outcome with the only source of run-time inefficiency being a linear dependence on the stabilizer extent (which scales like ≈ 1.17t for T gates). Our algorithm is state-of-the-art for this task: as an example, in approximately 13 hours (on a standard desktop computer), we estimated the Born rule probability to within an additive error of 0.03, for a 50-qubit, 60 non-Clifford gate quantum circuit with more than 2000 Clifford gates. Our second algorithm, Compute, calculates the probability of a chosen measurement outcome to machine precision with run-time O (2t−rt) where r is an efficiently computable, circuit-specific quantity. With high probability, r is very close to min {t, n − w} for random circuits with many Clifford gates, where w is the number of measured qubits. Compute can be effective in surprisingly challenging parameter regimes, e.g., we can randomly sample Clifford+T circuits with n = 55, w = 5, c = 105 and t = 80 T gates, and then compute the Born rule probability with a run-time consistently less than 10 minutes using a single core of a standard desktop computer. We provide a C+Python implementation of our algorithms and benchmark them using random circuits, the hidden shift algorithm and the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability

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Comparative studies of plastic scintillator strips with high technical attenuation length for the total-body J-PET scanner

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kaplon, L. Baran, J. Chug, N. Coussat, A. Curceanu, C. Czerwiński, E. Dadgar, M. Dulski, K. Gajewski, J. Gajos, A. Hiesmayr, B. Valsan, E. Kavya Klimaszewski, K. Korcyl, G. Kozik, T. Krzemień, W. Kumar, D. Moskal, G. Niedźwiecki, S. Panek, D. Parzych, S. del Rio, E. Pérez Raczyński, L. Ruciński, A. Sharma, S. Shivani, S. Shopa, R. Silarski, M. Skurzok, M. Stępień, E. Ardebili, F. Tayefi Ardebili, K. Tayefi Wiślicki, W. Moskal, P. Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Lojasiewicza 11 Krakow30-348 Poland Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory Jagiellonian University Lojasiewicza 11 Krakow30-348 Poland Center for Theranostics Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Frascati00044 Italy Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Radzikowskiego 152 Krakow31-342 Poland Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Vienna1090 Austria Department of Complex Systems National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Swierk05-400 Poland High Energy Physics Division National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Swierk05-400 Poland Faculty of Chemistry The Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 Krakow30-387 Poland

Plastic scintillator strips are considered as one of the promising solutions for the cost-effective construction of total-body positron emission tomography (PET) system. The purpose of the performed measurements is to compare the transparency of long plastic scintillators with dimensions 6 mm × 24 mm × 1000 mm and with all surfaces polished. Six different types of commercial, general purpose, blue-emitting plastic scintillators with low attenuation of visible light were tested, namely: polyvinyl toluene-based BC-408, EJ-200, RP-408, and polystyrene-based Epic, SP32 and UPS-923A. For determination of the best type of plastic scintillator for total-body Jagiellonian positron emission tomograph (TB-J-PET) construction, emission and transmission spectra, and technical attenuation length (TAL) of blue light-emitting by the scintillators were measured and compared. The TAL values were determined with the use of UV lamp as excitation source, and photodiode as light detector. Emission spectra of investigated scintillators have maxima in the range from 420 nm to 429 nm. The BC-408 and EJ-200 have the highest transmittance values of about 90% at the maximum emission wavelength measured through a 6 mm thick scintillator strip and the highest technical attenuation length reaching about 2000 mm, allowing assembly of long detection modules for time-of-flight (TOF) J-PET scanners. Influence of the 6 mm x 6 mm, 12 mm x 6 mm, 24 mm x 6 mm cross-sections of the 1000 mm long EJ-200 plastic scintillator on the TAL and signal intensity was measured. The highest TAL value was determined for samples with 24 mm x 6 mm cross-section. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Positrons

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A developed cryptographic model based on AES cryptosystem

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2400卷

作者： Hussam J. Mohammed Ayad H. Al-Adhami Yaseen Yaseen Leith Abed 1Computer Center University of Anbar Ramadi Iraq 2Computer science department University of Technology Baghdad Iraq 3Renewable Energy Research Center University of Anbar Ramadi Iraq 4Department of Computer Systems Techniques Anbar Technical Institute Middle Technical University Ramadi Iraq

AES as a block cipher considers as one of the most important security applications that provides confidentiality through encryption. However, AES cryptosystem is under analyzing by cryptanalysts using the computing technologies that have rapidly progressed. Therefore, the possibility of breaking AES algorithm might be accelerated in anytime. Consequently, this paper improves the AES security against a possible future attack. It proposes a model that has the ability to encrypt data with block size 256-bit and a key size of 256-bits. In addition, it also uses S-box of the serpent algorithm to be replaced the original S-box of the AES cryptosystem. The implementation of the proposed idea shows that the time requirements is acceptable even if the shifting algorithm is applied in two directions on row and column. Moreover, the randomness of the modified algorithm remains high.

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The missing link between standing- and traveling-wave resonators

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhong, Qi Zhao, Haoqi Feng, Liang Busch, Kurt Özdemir, Şahin K. El-Ganainy, Ramy Department of Physics Michigan Technological University HoughtonMI49931 United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Physik AG Theoretische Optik & Photonik BerlinD-12489 Germany Max-Born-Institut Max-Born-Straße 2A Berlin12489 Germany Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan Technological University HoughtonMI49931 United States

Optical resonators are structures that utilize wave interference and feedback to confine light in all three dimensions. Depending on the feedback mechanism, resonators can support either standing- or traveling-wave modes. Over the years, the distinction between these two different types of modes has become so prevalent that nowadays it is one of the main characteristics for classifying optical resonators. Here, we show that an intermediate link between these two rather different groups exists. In particular, we introduce a new class of photonic resonators that supports a hybrid optical mode, i.e. at one location along the resonator the electromagnetic fields associated with the mode feature a purely standing-wave pattern, while at a different location, the fields of the same mode represent a pure traveling wave. The proposed concept is general and can be implemented using chip-scale photonics as well as free-space optics. Moreover, it can be extended to other wave phenomena such as microwaves and acoustics. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electromagnetic fields

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The concept of augmented reality application for putting alignment in golf 5

The concept of augmented reality application for putting ali...

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5th International Conference of the Virtual and Augmented Reality in Education, VARE 2019

作者： Ginters, Egils Burkhardt, Dirk Nazemi, Kawa Merkuryev, Yuri Sociotechnical Systems Engineering Group Department of Modelling and Simulation Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Riga Technical University 2 Daugavgrivas Street RigaLV-1048 Latvia Sociotechnical Systems OU Sakala 7-2 Street Tallinn10141 Estonia Human-Computer Interaction and Visual Analytics Research Group Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9788885741423

Virtual and augmented reality (VR / AR) applications have successfully overcome the critical part of the Gartner curve. Investments are made and new products entering the economy. However, a very small percentage of society have also heard about AR glasses, mainly linking these with potential identity threats and personal data breaches. The authors dealt with the design of application of AR to improve golf skills by improving the putting technique. The above solution is complicated by requiring complex object recognition, tracking and advanced AR software designing. © 5th International Conference of the Virtual and Augmented Reality in Education, VARE 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Low Earth Orbit Satellite Security and Reliability: Issues, Solutions, and the Road Ahead

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yue, Pingyue An, Jianping Zhang, Jiankang Ye, Jia Pan, Gaofeng Wang, Shuai Xiao, Pei Hanzo, Lajos The School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China The School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China The Department of Computing and Informatics Bournemouth University BournemouthBH12 5BB United Kingdom The school of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China The 5GIC & 6GIC Institute for Communication Systems University of Surrey GU2 7XH United Kingdom The School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites undergo a period of rapid development driven by ever-increasing user demands, reduced costs, and technological progress. Since there is a lack of literature on the security and reliability issues of LEO Satellite Communication systems (SCSs), we aim to fill this knowledge gap. Specifically, we critically appraise the inherent characteristics of LEO SCSs and elaborate on their security and reliability requirements. In light of this, we further discuss their vulnerabilities, including potential security attacks launched against them and reliability risks, followed by outlining the associated lessons learned. Subsequently, we discuss the corresponding security and reliability enhancement solutions, unveil a range of trade-offs, and summarize the lessons gleaned. Furthermore, we shed light on several promising future research directions for enhancing the security and reliability of LEO SCSs, such as integrated sensing and communication, computer vision aided communications, as well as challenges brought about by mega-constellation and commercialization. Finally, we summarize the lessons inferred and crystallize the take-away messages in our design guidelines. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Satellite communication systems

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Performance evaluation of a solar-powered membrane capacitive deionization system considering energy recovery

引用

Results in Engineering 2025年 26卷

作者： Bahrami, HamidReza Gorjian, Shiva Mokhtarzadeh, Hamed Ghobadian, Barat Kuriqi, Alban Gheisari, Jafar Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2 Freiburg im Breisgau79110 Germany P.O. Box: 14115-111 Tehran Iran Faculty of Environmental Engineering Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw50-370 Poland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan84156-83111 Iran

Freshwater scarcity remains a global challenge, necessitating sustainable and energy-efficient desalination technologies. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) offers a promising alternative to conventional methods due to its lower energy consumption and potential for energy recovery, making it particularly suitable for off-grid and rural applications. This study investigates the performance of a compact MCDI unit powered by an off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system with battery storage. An experimental approach was adopted to assess the impact of charging current and feed water flow rate on desalination performance and energy recovery. Results indicate that increasing the supplied current from 2 A to 8 A enhances the desalination rate by 49 %, while reducing the flow rate from 1.4 l/min to 0.2 l/min improves desalination efficiency by 25 %. The maximum energy recovery from the MCDI module reaches 17.55 % under a 4 A charging current and 1300 ppm feedwater salinity, with an energy consumption of 0.962 kJ/l of treated saline water. Economic analysis reveals that the system achieves a payback period of less than one year when the treated water price exceeds 0.034 USD/l. The results confirm that the proposed PV-MCDI system is an energy-efficient and cost-effective solution for desalination, particularly in remote areas. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy reduces fossil fuel reliance and minimizes environmental impact, making it a sustainable solution for brackish water treatment. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Desalination

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Reliable Distributed Computing for Metaverse: A Hierarchical Game-Theoretic Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Jiang, Yuna Kang, Jiawen Niyato, Dusit Ge, Xiaohu Xiong, Zehui Miao, Chunyan Shen, Xuemin School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Shenzhen Huazhong University Science and Technology Research Institute Guangdong Shenzhen518063 China The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore The Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

The metaverse is regarded as a new wave of technological transformation that provides a virtual space for people to interact through digital avatars. To achieve immersive user experiences in the metaverse, real-time rendering is the key technology. However, computing intensive tasks of real-time rendering from metaverse service providers cannot be processed efficiently on a single resource-limited mobile device. Alternatively, such mobile devices can offload the metaverse rendering tasks to other mobile devices by adopting the collaborative computing paradigm based on Coded Distributed Computing (CDC). Therefore, this paper introduces a hierarchical game-theoretic CDC framework for the metaverse services, especially for vehicular metaverse. In the framework, idle resources from vehicles, acting as CDC workers, are aggregated to handle intensive computation tasks in the vehicular metaverse. Specifically, in the upper layer, a miner coalition formation game is formulated based on a reputation metric to select reliable workers. To guarantee the reliable management of reputation values, the reputation values calculated based on the subjective logical model are maintained in a blockchain database. In the lower layer, a Stackelberg game based incentive mechanism is considered to attract reliable workers selected in the upper layer to participate in rendering tasks. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed framework is resistant to malicious workers. Compared with the best-effort worker selection scheme, the proposed scheme can improve the utility of metaverse service provider and average profit of CDC workers. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blockchain

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The Lagrangian remainder of Taylor’s series, distinguishes O(f(x)) time complexities to polynomials or not

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bakas, Nikolaos P. Kosmatopoulos, Elias Chatzichristofis, Savvas A. Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center Cyprus Institute 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street Aglantzia Nicosia2121 Cyprus Democritus University of Thrace Electrical and Computer engineering Intelligent Systems Lab Department of Computer Science Neapolis University Pafos 2 Danais Avenue Pafos8042 Cyprus

The purpose of this letter is to investigate the time complexity consequences of the truncated Taylor series, known as Taylor Polynomials [1–3]. In particular, it is demonstrated that the examination of the P = NP equality, is associated with the determination of whether the nth derivative of a particular solution is bounded or not. Accordingly, in some cases, this is not true, and hence in general. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Taylor series

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Barrier lyapunov function-based fixed-time FTC for high-order nonlinear systems with predefined tracking accuracy

Research Square

引用

Research Square 2021年

作者： Wang, Xiaolin Xu, Jihui Lv, Maolong Zhang, Lei Zhao, Zilong Department of Equipment Management UAV Engineering College Air Force Engineering University Shaanxi Xi’an710051 China Delft Center for Systems and Control Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2 Delft2628 CD Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Van Mourik Broekmanweg 6 Delft2628 XE Netherlands

This article proposes a fixed-time adaptive fault-tolerant control methodology for a larger class of high-order nonlinear systems subject to full-state constraints and actuator faults. In contrast with the state-of-the-art results, the distinguishing feature of our control design consists in proposing a novel high-order tan-type barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) which ensures state variables to be some asymmetric time-varying compact sets under tan-type constraints and expands the application range of tan-type BLF (i.e., from low-order to high-order, from symmetric time-invariant to asymmetric time-varying). Apart from this, the proposed control design ensures the tracking errors converge to specified residual sets within fixed-time and makes the size of the convergence regions of tracking errors adjustable a priori by means of a new BLF-based tuning function and a projection operator. A variable-separable lemma is delicately embedded into the control design to extract the control terms in a linear-like fashion which not only overcomes the difficulty that virtual control signals appear in a non-affine manner, but also solves the problem of actuator faults. Comparative simulations results finally validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Lyapunov functions

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