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CVTD: A Robust Car-Mounted Video Text Detector

computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1821-1842页

作者： Di Zhou Jianxun Zhang Chao Li Yifan Guo Bowen Li Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqingChina College of Information and Engineering Jingdezhen Ceramic UniversityJingdezhenChina

Text perception is crucial for understanding the semantics of outdoor scenes,making it a key requirement for building intelligent systems for driver assistance or autonomous *** information in car-mounted videos can assist drivers in making ***,Car-mounted video text images pose challenges such as complex backgrounds,small fonts,and the need for real-time *** proposed a robust Car-mounted Video Text Detector(CVTD).It is a lightweight text detection model based on ResNet18 for feature extraction,capable of detecting text in arbitrary *** model efficiently extracted global text positions through the Coordinate Attention Threshold Activation(CATA)and enhanced the representation capability through stacking two Feature Pyramid Enhancement Fusion Modules(FPEFM),strengthening feature representation,and integrating text local features and global position information,reinforcing the representation capability of the CVTD *** enhanced feature maps,when acted upon by Text Activation Maps(TAM),effectively distinguished text foreground from non-text ***,we collected and annotated a dataset containing 2200 images of Car-mounted Video Text(CVT)under various road conditions for training and evaluating our model’s *** further tested our model on four other challenging public natural scene text detection benchmark datasets,demonstrating its strong generalization ability and real-time detection *** model holds potential for practical applications in real-world scenarios.

关键词： Deep learning text detection Car-mounted video text detector intelligent driving assistance arbitrary shape text detector

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Semantic Segmentation and YOLO Detector over Aerial Vehicle Images

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 3315-3332页

作者： Asifa Mehmood Qureshi Abdul Haleem Butt Abdulwahab Alazeb Naif Al Mudawi Mohammad Alonazi Nouf Abdullah Almujally Ahmad Jalal Hui Liu Faculty of Computing and AI Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16273Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Cognitive Systems Lab University of BremenBremen28359Germany

Intelligent vehicle tracking and detection are crucial tasks in the realm of highway ***,vehicles come in a range of sizes,which is challenging to detect,affecting the traffic monitoring system’s overall *** learning is considered to be an efficient method for object detection in vision-based *** this paper,we proposed a vision-based vehicle detection and tracking system based on a You Look Only Once version 5(YOLOv5)detector combined with a segmentation *** model consists of six *** the first step,all the extracted traffic sequence images are subjected to pre-processing to remove noise and enhance the contrast level of the *** pre-processed images are segmented by labelling each pixel to extract the uniform regions to aid the detection phase.A single-stage detector YOLOv5 is used to detect and locate vehicles in *** detection was exposed to Speeded Up Robust Feature(SURF)feature extraction to track multiple *** on this,a unique number is assigned to each vehicle to easily locate them in the succeeding image frames by extracting them using the feature-matching ***,we implemented a Kalman filter to track multiple *** the end,the vehicle path is estimated by using the centroid points of the rectangular bounding box predicted by the tracking *** experimental results and comparison reveal that our proposed vehicle detection and tracking system outperformed other state-of-the-art *** proposed implemented system provided 94.1%detection precision for Roundabout and 96.1%detection precision for Vehicle Aerial Imaging from Drone(VAID)datasets,respectively.

关键词： Semantic segmentation YOLOv5 vehicle detection and tracking Kalman filter SURF

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Sepsis Prediction Using CNNBDLSTM and Temporal Derivatives Feature Extraction in the IoT Medical Environment

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1157-1185页

作者： Sapiah Sakri Shakila Basheer Zuhaira Muhammad Zain Nurul Halimatul Asmak Ismail Dua’Abdellatef Nassar Manal Abdullah Alohali Mais Ayman Alharaki Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Applied CollegePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background:Sepsis,a potentially fatal inflammatory disease triggered by infection,carries significant healthimplications *** detection is crucial as sepsis can rapidly escalate if left *** in deep learning(DL)offer powerful tools to address this ***:Thus,this study proposeda hybrid CNNBDLSTM,a combination of a convolutional neural network(CNN)with a bi-directional long shorttermmemory(BDLSTM)model to predict sepsis *** the proposed model provides a robustframework that capitalizes on the complementary strengths of both architectures,resulting in more accurate andtimelier ***:The sepsis prediction method proposed here utilizes temporal feature extraction todelineate six distinct time frames before the onset of *** time frames adhere to the sepsis-3 standardrequirement,which incorporates 12-h observation windows preceding sepsis *** models were trained usingthe Medical information Mart for Intensive Care III(MIMIC-III)dataset,which sourced 61,522 patients with 40clinical variables obtained from the IoT medical *** confusion matrix,the area under the receiveroperating characteristic curve(AUCROC)curve,the accuracy,the precision,the F1-score,and the recall weredeployed to evaluate ***:The CNNBDLSTMmodel demonstrated superior performance comparedto the benchmark and other models,achieving an AUCROC of 99.74%and an accuracy of 99.15%one hour beforesepsis *** results indicate that the CNNBDLSTM model is highly effective in predicting sepsis onset,particularly within a close proximity of one ***:The results could assist practitioners in increasingthe potential survival of the patient one hour before sepsis onset.

关键词： Temporal derivatives hybrid deep learning predicting sepsis onset MIMIC III machine learning(ML) deep learning

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Energy-Aware Task Offloading for Rotatable STAR-RIS-Enhanced Mobile Edge computing Systems

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 20239-20250页

作者： Yang, Dongdong Li, Bin Niyato, Dusit Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer Science Nanjing210044 China Huzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Multidimensional Perception and Intelligent Computing Huzhou313000 China Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Jurong West Singapore

Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) can expand the coverage of mobile edge computing (MEC) services by reflecting and transmitting signals simultaneously, enabling full-space coverage. The orientation of the STAR-RIS plays a crucial role in optimizing the gain of received and transmitted signals, and a rotatable STAR-RIS offers potential enhancement for MEC systems. This article investigates a rotatable STAR-RIS-assisted MEC system, operated under three protocols, namely energy splitting (ES), mode switching, and time switching. The goal is to minimize energy consumption for multiple moving user devices (UDs) through the joint optimization of STAR-RIS configurations, orientation, computation resource allocation, transmission power, and task offloading strategies. Considering the mobility of UDs, we model the original optimization problem as a sequential decision-making process across multiple time slots. The high-dimensional, highly coupled, and nonlinear nature makes it a challenging nonconvex decision-making problem for traditional optimization algorithms. Therefore, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach is employed, specifically utilizing soft actor-critic algorithm to train the DRL model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the benchmarks in both convergence speed and energy efficiency, while reducing energy consumption by up to 52.7% compared to the fixed STAR-RIS scheme. Among three operating protocols, the ES yields the best performance. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Deep Learning Based Side-Channel Attack Detection for Mobile Devices Security in 5G Networks

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清华大学学报自然科学版（英文版） 2025年第3期30卷 1012-1026页

作者： Amjed A.Ahmed Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Ali Alqahtani Shayla Islam Bishwajeet Pandey Leila Rzayeva Huda Saleh Abbas Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman Nayef Alqahtani Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Imam Alkadhim University College Department of Computer Techniques EngineeringBaghdad 10066Iraq Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Department of Networks and Communications Engineering College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran 61441Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of Intelligent Systems and Cyber Security Astana IT UniversityAstana 20000Kazakstan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMadinah 42353Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Hofuf 31982Saudi Arabia

Mobile devices within Fifth Generation(5G)networks,typically equipped with Android systems,serve as a bridge to connect digital gadgets such as global positioning system,mobile devices,and wireless routers,which are vital in facilitating end-user communication ***,the security of Android systems has been challenged by the sensitive data involved,leading to vulnerabilities in mobile devices used in 5G *** vulnerabilities expose mobile devices to cyber-attacks,primarily resulting from security ***-permission apps in Android can exploit these channels to access sensitive information,including user identities,login credentials,and geolocation *** such attack leverages"zero-permission"sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes,enabling attackers to gather information about the smartphone's *** underscores the importance of fortifying mobile devices against potential future *** research focuses on a new recurrent neural network prediction model,which has proved highly effective for detecting side-channel attacks in mobile devices in 5G *** conducted state-of-the-art comparative studies to validate our experimental *** results demonstrate that even a small amount of training data can accurately recognize 37.5％of previously unseen user-typed ***,our tap detection mechanism achieves a 92％accuracy rate,a crucial factor for text *** findings have significant practical implications,as they reinforce mobile device security in 5G networks,enhancing user privacy,and data protection.

关键词： Fifth Generation(5G)networks smartphone information leakage Side-Channel Attack(SCA) deep learning

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Road Traffic Accident Prediction using Deep Learning 1

Road Traffic Accident Prediction using Deep Learning

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1st IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ICC - ROBINS 2024

作者： Girija, M. Divya, V. School of Computing Science Vistas Department of Computer Science Chennai India School of Computing Science Vistas Department of Information Technology Chennai India

ISBN: (数字)9798350372748

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372748

Maintaining public safety and reducing the effects of unplanned incidents need real-time accident prevention. This research work presents a comprehensive plan for developing an advanced computer vision-based accident-avoidance system. The proposed system's primary data source is live video recordings, and it employs a number of procedures to detect anomalies in the environment and issue alerts in a timely manner. The proposed approach begins with the extraction of frames from the continuous video stream in order to enhance the relevance and quality of the returned frames. Effective image preparation techniques follow next. Data augmentation is then used to diversify the dataset and increase the model's generalization ability. In order to enable prompt reaction and intervention, the proposed system instantly notifies users when it detects irregularities, such as potential accidents or dangerous situations. The proposed method is then implemented using Python software. Utilizing a rule-based system, it delivers dynamic recommendations to drivers with enhanced road safety through adaptive speed limits, route suggestions, and real-time hazard alerts through car dashboard. The proposed modified YOLOv8 method shows better accuracy with 98.4%, which is 11.85% higher when compared with Faster RCNN, FAYOLO and FESSD. YOLO-v8 results in a powerful toolkit for accurate object tracking and recognition, guaranteeing a proactive and responsive system. The proposed model's evaluations show the way the method may be utilized to raise public safety by anticipating anomalies and preventing accidents. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Video recording

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A learning automata based edge resource allocation approach for IoT-enabled smart cities

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第5期10卷 1258-1266页

作者： Sampa Sahoo Kshira Sagar Sahoo Bibhudatta Sahoo Amir H.Gandomi Department of Computer Science and Engineering C.V.Raman Global UniversityBhubaneswarIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM UniversityAmaravatiIndia Department of Computing Science Umea UniversityUmea90187Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering NIT RourkelaIndia Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology SydneyAustralia University Research and Innovation Center(EKIK) Obuda University1034 BudapestHungary

The development of the Internet of Things(IoT)technology is leading to a new era of smart applications such as smart transportation,buildings,and smart ***,these applications act as the building blocks of IoT-enabled smart *** high volume and high velocity of data generated by various smart city applications are sent to flexible and efficient cloud computing resources for ***,there is a high computation latency due to the presence of a remote cloud *** computing,which brings the computation close to the data source is introduced to overcome this *** an IoT-enabled smart city environment,one of the main concerns is to consume the least amount of energy while executing tasks that satisfy the delay *** efficient resource allocation at the edge is helpful to address this *** this paper,an energy and delay minimization problem in a smart city environment is formulated as a bi-objective edge resource allocation ***,we presented a three-layer network architecture for IoT-enabled smart ***,we designed a learning automata-based edge resource allocation approach considering the three-layer network architecture to solve the said bi-objective minimization *** Automata(LA)is a reinforcement-based adaptive decision-maker that helps to find the best task and edge resource *** extensive set of simulations is performed to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the LA-based approach in the IoT-enabled smart city environment.

关键词： Edge computing IoT Learning automata Resource allocation Smart city

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Determination of the time location points and investigation of the body sensor network using RATDMA and PATDMA

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2024年第4期46卷 9043-9055页

作者： Mohammed Mustafa, M. Kalpana Devi, S. Althaf Ali, A. Gunavathie, M.A. Department of Information Technology Sri Krishna College of Engineering & Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering RV University Bengaluru India Andhra Pradesh India Department of Information Technology Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India

Wireless body sensor networks have gained significant importance across diverse fields, including environmental monitoring, healthcare, and sports. This research is concentrated on sports applications, specifically exploring the viability of a wireless body area network tailored for high-performing athletes. The paper is divided into three sections. First, the design of the node location that is used for real-time monitoring of a sportsperson in which the node position, such as the human thigh, foot, arm, wrist, and chest, was estimated and the best position was selected. Second, the accuracy of an application when related to the other schemes such as TDMA with ZigBee and RA-TDMA & PA-TDMA was done. The reliability using RA-TDMA performed well and showed approximately 98% reliability. Finally, the features of wireless communiqués that affect the presentation of the network for RA-TDMA were estimated, such as delay and jitter. These findings collectively contribute to advancing the understanding of optimizing wireless body sensor networks for sports applications, with notable achievements including the identification of the arm as the optimal sensor placement, achieving a 98% success rate, and surpassing alternative techniques in network performance parameters like packet delivery rate. © 2024 – IOS Press.

关键词： Location

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Modified Bat Algorithm: a newly proposed approach for solving complex and real-world problems

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Soft computing 2024年第13-14期28卷 7983-7998页

作者： Umar, Shahla U. Rashid, Tarik A. Ahmed, Aram M. Hassan, Bryar A. Baker, Mohammed Rashad Department of Software College of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Kirkuk Kirkuk Iraq Computer Science and Engineering Department School of Science and Engineering University of Kurdistan Hewler KRI Erbil Iraq Department of Computer Science College of Science Charmo University Sulaimani Chamchamal46023 Iraq

Bat Algorithm (BA) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic search algorithm designed to efficiently explore complex problem spaces and find near-optimal solutions. The algorithm is inspired by the echolocation behavior of bats, which acts as a signal system to estimate the distance and hunt prey. Although the BA has proven effective for various optimization problems, it exhibits limited exploration ability and susceptibility to local optima. The algorithm updates velocities and positions based on the current global best solution, causing all agents to converge toward a specific location, potentially leading to local optima issues in optimization problems. On this premise, this paper proposes the Modified Bat Algorithm (MBA) as an enhancement to address the local optima limitation observed in the original BA. MBA incorporates the frequency and velocity of the current best solution, enhancing convergence speed to the optimal solution and preventing local optima entrapment. While the original BA faces diversity issues, both the original BA and MBA are introduced. To assess MBA’s performance, three sets of test functions (classical benchmark functions, CEC2005, and CEC2019) are employed, with results compared to those of the original BA, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA). The outcomes demonstrate the MBA’s significant superiority over other algorithms. In addition, MBA successfully addresses a real-world assignment problem (call center problem), traditionally solved using linear programming methods, with satisfactory results. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Swarm intelligence

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Mitigating Blackhole and Greyhole Routing Attacks in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Using Blockchain Based Smart Contracts

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第2期138卷 2005-2021页

作者： Abdulatif Alabdulatif Mada Alharbi Abir Mchergui Tarek Moulahi Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Higher Institute of Management of GabesGabes UniversityGabes6029Tunisia Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid Kairouan UniversityKairouan3131Tunisia

The rapid increase in vehicle traffic volume in modern societies has raised the need to develop innovative solutions to reduce traffic congestion and enhance traffic management *** advanced technology,such as Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS),enables improved traffic management,helps eliminate congestion,and supports a safer *** provides real-time information on vehicle traffic and transportation systems that can improve decision-making for road ***,ITS suffers from routing issues at the network layer when utilising Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks(VANETs).This is because each vehicle plays the role of a router in this network,which leads to a complex vehicle communication network,causing issues such as repeated link breakages between vehicles resulting from the mobility of the network and rapid topological *** may lead to loss or delay in packet transmissions;this weakness can be exploited in routing attacks,such as black-hole and gray-hole attacks,that threaten the availability of ITS *** this paper,a Blockchain-based smart contracts model is proposed to offer convenient and comprehensive security mechanisms,enhancing the trustworthiness between ***-Classification Blockchain-Based Contracts(SCBC)and Voting-Classification Blockchain-Based Contracts(VCBC)are utilised in the proposed *** results show that VCBC succeeds in attaining better results in PDR and TP performance even in the presence of Blackhole and Grayhole attacks.

关键词： Blockchain data privacy machine learning routing attacks smart contract VANET

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