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Enhancing the Web's infrastructure: From caching to replication

IEEE Internet Computing 1997年第2期1卷 18-27页

作者： Baentsch, Michael Baum, Lothar Molter, Georg Rothkugel, Steffen Sturm, Peter University of Kaiserslautern Distributed Systems Research Group University of Kaiserslautern System Software Group University of Kaiserslautern System Software Group System Software Group Computer Science Department University of Kaiserslautern D-67653 Kaiserslautern Germany

Advances in directory services, caching and replication, and multicasting technologies promise to improve the speed and robustness of the Web's infrastructure. This article examines the technical issues of two imp... 详细信息

关键词： Delay Web server Web sites Bandwidth Network servers Performance analysis System software Fault tolerant systems Robustness Usability

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Software Engineering For distributed systems

Software Engineering For Distributed Systems

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences (HICSS)

作者： P. Nixon V. Cahill F. Rabhi Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Ireland Department of Computer Science University of Hull Hull UK

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An architecture to support distributed trade documents

An architecture to support distributed trade documents

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International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized systems (ISADAS)

作者： H. Wing R.M. Colomb CRC for Distributed Systems Technology Department of Computer Science University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia

By integrating the many different technologies and approaches involved in electronic education and commerce, we can effectively support advanced applications in these areas. This paper describes an architecture which can be used to facilitate the specification, execution, and distribution of incremental trade documents among heterogeneous interchanges. We argue that the conventional, top-down, centralized approach to workflow, in its current state, is not suitable to support the undetermined nature of an advanced trade application. What this approach lacks is a unified object-oriented model which can be used to design interoperable trading systems with a single set of well-defined abstractions. This paper, in an attempt to overcome the limitations imposed by the conventional approach, presents an overview of principles relating to object interoperability, semantic heterogeneity, and the document-centric paradigm associated with trade documents. A view object model and its relevant components are also discussed.

关键词： Business Object oriented modeling Educational products computer architecture Educational technology computer science education Application software Internet Cyclic redundancy check computer science

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Banyan: a language for scalable parallel programming on loosely coupled distributed systems

Banyan: a language for scalable parallel programming on loos...

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International Conference on High Performance Computing in the Asia-Pacific Region

作者： D. Janaki Ram M.V. Sudhakiran T.N. Srikanta Distributed and Object Systems Group Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Chennai India

Parallel programming on loosely coupled distributed systems is becoming a viable approach with the rapid increase in network speeds and availability of large amounts of unused CPU capacity on individual workstations. Parallel programs are often written for a specific configuration of the distributed system such as the number of nodes, their relative speeds and their network connections. These programs perform poorly when there is a change in the configuration or when they are taken to a system other than what they are intended for. We propose a new paradigm which can express the scale of a program as a part of the program itself. The scale of the program is specified in an abstract manner for an arbitrary number of nodes, their relative speeds and their network connections. The runtime system uses this information to decide the actual scale of program on a given distributed system.

关键词： Parallel programming Workstations Writing Runtime Concurrent computing computer science Availability computer networks communication networks computer architecture

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Steady-state analysis of infinite stochastic Petri nets: comparing the spectral expansion and the matrix-geometric method

Steady-state analysis of infinite stochastic Petri nets: com...

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International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models (PNPM)

作者： B.R. Haverkort A. Ost Department of Computer Science Distributed Systems Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Aachen Germany

In this paper we investigate the efficiency of two solution approaches to infinite stochastic Petri nets: the matrix-geometric method and the spectral expansion method. We first informally present infinite stochastic Petri nets, after which we describe, using uniform notation, the matrix-geometric and the spectral expansion method. We put special emphasis on the numerical aspect of the solution procedures. Then, we investigate the suitability of these approaches to account for batch-movements of tokens. We then compare the two solution approaches when applied to a larger modelling study of a fault-tolerant computer system. It turns out that the spectral expansion method is favorable in all cases, especially when more heavily loaded systems are studied and when batch arrivals are incorporated in the model. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to compare the spectral expansion method, as advocated by Mitrani and Chakka, with the Latouche-Ramaswami algorithm for the matrix-geometric case. Furthermore, our comparisons go well beyond the usual textbook cases, since we are able to generate, with our tool SPN2MGM, models that are much larger than those that have been assessed in the past.

关键词： Steady-state Stochastic processes Petri nets Stochastic systems Power system modeling State-space methods Fault tolerant systems Performance analysis Timing Convolution

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PolyConstraints: a design pattern for flexible collaboration in heterogeneous mobile environments

PolyConstraints: a design pattern for flexible collaboration...

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Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and systems (TOOLS)

作者： A. Pasala D.J. Ram Distributed & Object Systems Group Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Chennai India

In mobile collaborative applications, collaborating agents can move across heterogeneous networks. The collaborating agents also keep changing their roles depending on the work to be performed at that time. In such situations, a simple and flexible handling of the transition between heterogeneous environments and roles is required. This paper proposes PolyConstraints, a design pattern to handle the generic problem of transitions across multiple network environments and roles.

关键词： Collaboration Object oriented modeling Wireless LAN Mobile computing Collaborative work Vehicles Context modeling Local area networks Error analysis Wide area networks

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On assessing unidirectional latencies in packet-switched networks

On assessing unidirectional latencies in packet-switched net...

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IEEE International Conference on communications (ICC)

作者： A. Fasbender I. Rulands Department of Computer Science Informatik 4 (Communication Systems) RWTH Aachen University Germany

This report presents a method to collect statistics about unidirectional delays in packet-switched inter- and intranetworks. The necessary synchronization of the computer clocks on source and target host is performed via a new approach that first determines the relative clock drift between these hosts, i.e. the difference in the frequency drifts of the oscillators. This measure is used to adjust the clock timestamps delivered by the target host. Upon synchronization of the clock phases a very accurate time offset between the network hosts can be estimated. Finally, the time-stamps obtained via the exchanged probe packets can be re-evaluated to compute the one-way delays on both transmission paths between the respective hosts.

关键词： Intelligent networks Clocks Frequency synchronization Delay estimation IP networks Internet Statistics Oscillators Phase estimation Probes

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Comprehensive distributed garbage collection by tracking causal dependencies of relevant mutator events

Comprehensive distributed garbage collection by tracking cau...

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International Conference on distributed Computing systems

作者： S.R.Y. Louboutin V. Cahill Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Distributed Systems Group Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

Comprehensive distributed garbage collection in object-oriented distributed systems has mostly been addressed via distributed versions of graph-tracing algorithms, a legacy of centralised garbage collection techniques. Two features jeopardise the scalability of these approaches: the bottleneck associated with having to reach a global consensus before any resource can actually be reclaimed; and the overhead of eager log-keeping. This paper describes an alternative approach to comprehensive distributed garbage collection that entails computing the vector-time characterising the causal history of some relevant events of the mutator processes computations. Knowing the causal histories of these events makes it possible to identify garbage objects that are not identifiable by means of per-site garbage collection alone. Computing the vector-times necessary to identify garbage is possible without the unbounded space overheads usually associated with dynamically reconstructing vector-times of arbitrary events of distributed computations. Our approach integrates a lazy log-keeping mechanism and therefore tackles both of the aforementioned stumbling blocks of distributed garbage collection.

关键词： History Scalability distributed computing Yarn Object detection computer science Educational institutions Robustness Hazards Resource management

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MUDdling through [collaborative systems]

MUDdling through [collaborative systems]

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences (HICSS)

作者： S.M. Kaplan G. Fitzpatrick T. Mansfield W.J. Tolone Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USA CRC for Distributed Systems Technology University of Queensland Australia Australia

The wOrlds project is concerned with developing next generation collaboration frameworks. We strongly believe that real progress in enhancing the usability of collaborative systems hinges on improving our understanding of work, and applying the resulting insights to development of collaborative work support frameworks. We are investigating the thesis that appropriate bases for such an approach can be drawn from existing results in sociology, specifically the work of sociologist Anselm Strauss, and his notion of social worlds (A. Strauss, 1993). We motivate and overview wOrlds, the collaborative environment we have built in order to explore our ideas and insights. We then critique wOrlds (and by implication, the class of systems known as MUDs of which it is a member), and point to future directions for investigation.

关键词： Collaborative work Multiuser detection computer science Space technology Usability Fasteners Sociology Collaborative tools Cultural differences computer graphics

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Describing open distributed systems: a foundation

Describing open distributed systems: a foundation

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences (HICSS)

作者： A. Rakotonirainy A. Berry S. Crawley Z. Milosesevic CRC for Distributed Systems Technology University of Queensland QLD Australia Department of Computer Science University of Queensland QLD Australia Defence Science and Technology Organisation Salisbury SA Australia

Outlines a semantic model for open distributed systems which provides a foundation for a corresponding architecture description language. This semantic model is based on architecture models reported by Berry et al. (1995) and in ISO/IEC 10746 (ODP), with a number of refinements to support abstraction and composition. The model is specifically designed to describe open distributed systems independent of implementation details such as communication protocols and middleware systems. The modelling concepts in the semantic model are: object (a model of an entity), event (a unit of interaction between an object and its environment), event relationship (a specification of behaviour defining the relationships amongst a set of events), interface (an abstraction of an object's interaction with its environment) and binding (a context for interaction between objects). The binding concept is particularly important because it can describe any kind of interaction in an open distributed system, ranging from remote procedure calls and multicasting to more complex, enterprise interactions. Special attention is given to the problem of composition and abstraction of events and behaviour in the model. This is needed to reflect the reuse, evolution and interworking requirements of open distributed systems. Our approach allows for the effective modelling of asynchrony, concurrency and complex flows of information in open distributed systems.

关键词： Power system modeling Middleware Architecture description languages Protocols Context modeling computer science Concurrent computing Multimedia systems World Wide Web Java

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