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An ODP-based approach to overcoming heterogeneity in wide area networks

An ODP-based approach to overcoming heterogeneity in wide ar...

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IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks

作者： W. Brookes J. Indulska CRC for Distributed Systems Technology Department of Computer Science University of Queensland Saint Lucia QLD Australia

computer networks are growing in number and capacity, and internetworking allows users to access services globally. An inherent problem of such large networks is managing the heterogeneity of applications, hardware and supporting software. Open distributed Processing (ODP) introduces type description and type management functions as a mechanism for overcoming this heterogeneity. This paper considers issues surrounding the construction of an ODP-based type manager. It sets requirements for such a type manager and describes a canonical type model for ODP-based systems. The functionality and structure of the type manager are given and then this approach is compared with the type management facilities in existing platforms for distributed computing.

关键词： Intelligent networks Wide area networks Application software computer network management Resource management Runtime distributed processing Cyclic redundancy check computer science Hardware

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Head-centered orientation strategies in animate vision

Head-centered orientation strategies in animate vision

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International Conference on computer Vision (ICCV)

作者： E. Grosso D.H. Ballard Department of Computer Science University of Rochester Rochester NY USA Department of Communication Computer and Systems Science University of Genoa Italy

The authors consider orienting, that is, establishing and maintaining a spatial relation between a motorized pair of cameras (the eye-head system) and a static or a moving object tracked over time. Motivated by physiological evidence, they propose a simple set of vision-based strategies aimed to perform head, eye, and body movements in a complex environment. Fixation is shown to be an essential feature in visual servoing, and is used to decouple control on head rotational degrees of freedom, making possible a metric-less approach to the orientation problem. An implementation of these strategies, using a binocular camera system mounted on a PUMA 700 robotic system, demontrated the effectiveness of the approach.< >

关键词： Animation Books Cameras computer science Eyes Robot kinematics Robot vision systems Councils Humans Workstations

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Reversible Letter-to-Sound Sound-to-Letter Generation Based on Parsing Word Morphology 3

Reversible Letter-to-Sound Sound-to-Letter Generation Based ...

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3rd European Conference on Speech communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1993

作者： Hunnicutt, Sheri Meng, Helen Seneff, Stephanie Zue, Victor Spoken Language Systems Group Laboratory for Computer Science M.I.T. CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

This paper describes a reversible letter-to-sound/sound-to-letter system based on a strategy that combines data-driven techniques with a rule-based formalism. Our approach is to provide a hierarchical analysis of a word, including information such as stress pattern, morphology and syllabification, which incorporates probabilities that are trained from a parsed lexicon. Our training and testing corpora consisted of spellings and pronunciations for the high frequency portion of the Brown Corpus (10,000 words). We augmented the phonetic labels with markers indicating morphology and stress. We report here on two distinct grammars representing a historical perspective. Our early work with the first grammar inspired us to modify the grammar formalism, leading to greater constraint with fewer rules. We evaluated our performance on letter-to-sound generation in terms of whole word accuracy as well as phoneme accuracy. For the unseen test set, we achieved a word accuracy of 69.3% and a phone accuracy of 91.7% using a set of 49 distinct phonemes. Although we have no formal results on sound-to-letter generation, we believe that this formalism will be applicable for entering unknown words orally into a recognition system. © 1993 3rd European Conference on Speech communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1993. All rights reserved.

关键词： Morphology

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Using the ISIS resource manager for distributed, fault-tolerant computing

Using the ISIS resource manager for distributed, fault-toler...

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences (HICSS)

作者： T.A. Clark K.P. Birman Isis Distributed Systems Inc. Ithaca NY USA Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

Under current versions of the UNIX operating system, it is difficult to take advantage of the massive computing power of idle or lightly loaded workstations on a network. The authors introduce the ISIS resource manager, a distributed fault-tolerant application capable of recapturing this processing power, as well as providing a transparent interface to network computing resources. They discuss the growing importance of high-speed workstation networks and the need for network management utilities and consider how advances in software technology have made it possible to easily construct a distributed fault-tolerant application to meet this need. The architecture of the resource manager is described as an example of this class of application.< >

关键词： Intersymbol interference Resource management Fault tolerance distributed computing Application software Power system management computer networks Workstations computer network management Operating systems

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A space based model for user interaction in shared synthetic environments 93

A space based model for user interaction in shared synthetic...

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Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing systems

作者： Lennart E. Fahlén Charles Grant Brown Olov Ståhl Christer Carlsson Distributed Systems Laboratory Swedish Institute of Computer Science Box 1263 S-164 28 Kista Stockholm Sweden Knowledge Communication Group Swedish Institute of Computer Science Box 1263 S-164 28 Kista Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9780897915755

In a distributed shared synthetic environment with provisions for high quality 3D visualization and interaction, it is possible to implement a powerful variant of a rooms/space metaphor based on the concept of presence or proximity between participants in 3D space. This kind of model can be used as an interface between the user and the computer, for overview and control of applications, file systems, networks and other computer resources, as well as for communication and collaboration with other users in the networked environment. We model proximity with a geometric volume of the immediate surroundings, the aura, of the participant's representation in the synthetic environment. This proximity, or aura, is used to establish presence at meetings, to establish communication channels and to provide interaction.

关键词： user interaction virtual reality distribution resource sharing CSCW 3D control visualization

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Trace driven analysis of write caching policies for disks 93

Trace driven analysis of write caching policies for disks

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1993 ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of computer systems, SIGMETRICS 1993

作者： Biswas, Prabuddha Ramakrishnan, K.K. Towsley, Don Office and Teamware Engineering Group Digital Equipment Corporation 110 Spitbrook Road NashuaNH United States Distributed Systems Architecture and Performance Group Digital Equipment Corporation 550 King Street LittletonMA United States Computer Science Department University of Massachusetts AmherstMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897915801

The I/O subsystem in a computer system is becoming the bottleneck as a result of recent dramatic improvements in processor speeds. Disk caches have been effective in closing this gap but the benefit is restricted to the read operations as the write I/Os are usually committed to disk to maintain consistency and to allow for crash recovery. As a result, write I/O traffic is becoming dominant and solutions to alleviate this problem are becoming increasingly important. A simple solution which can easily work with existing file systems is to use non-volatile disk caches together with a write-behind strategy. In this study, we look at the issues around managing such a cache using a detailed trace driven simulation. Traces from three different commercial sites are used in the analysis of various policies for managing the write cache. We observe that even a simple write-behind policy for the write cache is effective in reducing the total number of writes by over 50%. We further observe that the use of hysteresis in the policy to purge the write cache, with two thresholds, yields substantial improvement over a single threshold scheme. The inclusion of a mechanism to piggyback blocks from the write cache with read miss I/Os further reduces the number of writes to only about 15% of the original total number of write operations. We compare two piggybacking options and also study the impact of varying the write cache size. We briefly looked at the case of a single non-volatile disk cache to estimate the performance impact of statically partitioning the cache for reads and writes. © 1993 ACM.

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Gradient driven self-organizing systems

Gradient driven self-organizing systems

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： G. Sandini G. Lucarini M. Varoli Department of Communication Computer Systems Science Laboratory for Integrated Advanced Robotics (LIRA-Lab) University of Genova Genoa Italy

The aim of this paper is to discuss and present some experimental data on the use of optical, chemical and ultrasound sensors to control the motion of single and cooperating robots. The distinctive feature is that in both cases the motion of the robots is not driven by a localized target (e.g. a light, or a sound) but by a concentration gradient such as the one generated by a gas leak. Experiments using a simple optical sensor reading a variable density pattern of dark spots painted on the ground plane, are presented along with experiments performed using simple chemical sensors measuring the local gradient of a substance. Different strategies are discussed based on different configurations of the sensing devices and reflexive motor controls. The goal of the experiment is to analyze the performance of simple autonomous robots in reaching the point of highest concentration (i.e. the gas leak). This performance has been analyzed for single robots and for cooperating robots using a very simple communication channel.

关键词： Robot sensing systems Optical sensors Chemical sensors Performance analysis Ultrasonic imaging Acoustic sensors Motion control Optical control Performance evaluation Density measurement

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Active/dynamic stereo: a general framework

Active/dynamic stereo: a general framework

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： E. Grosso M. Tistarelli Department of Communication Computer and Systems Science (DIST) Integrated Laboratory for Advanced Robotics (LIRA-Lab) University of Genoa Genoa Italy

A general framework for dynamic stereo is proposed. It is shown that a binocular system, able to actively control the gaze of the cameras, can profitably exploit stereo and motion analysis to compute the relative orientation and time-to-impact with respect to the environment. The cooperative schema, in which motion and stereo vision are combined to take under control the temporal evolution of disparity, is particularly suitable for robot navigation or for tasks involving a robotic head mounted on a mobile platform. The framework takes into account tilt and pan motion of the cameras, and generic translation of the binocular system. An experiment performed on a stereo image sequence from a prototype robotic head is presented.< >

关键词： Robot vision systems Motion control Cameras Mobile robots Head Control systems Motion analysis Stereo vision Navigation Image sequences

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Specifying reactive systems with attributed finite state machines 93

Specifying reactive systems with attributed finite state mac...

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International Workshop on Software Specification and Design

作者： Shiyuan Ding T. Katayama Department of Computer Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Kimitsu Japan Nippon Steel Information and Communication Systems Company Kimitsu Japan School of Information Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780818643606

An attributed finite state machine (AFSM) model for the behavioral specification of reactive systems is introduced. The basic idea is to attach attributes to the states of state machines in order to express values of system data and to define attribute computation in a functional way. A specification in an AFSM consists of a collection of state transition rules. Each of these rules specifies three aspects of a reactive system: (1) the dynamic behavior, (2) the data computation and (3) the time constraints of the reactive system. The dynamic behavior is specified by state transitions responding to external stimuli, and the data computation is performed according to functional attribute definitions. The time constraints are specified operationally in terms of the temporal relations that exist between the external stimuli and the system responses. Furthermore, the hierarchy of states based on superstates and the concurrency among independent system components, are introduced according to the method of Statecharts. These mechanisms provide an effective way to decompose and specify complex systems in a structured way. To show the effectiveness of the AFSM model, an assembly system is specified with respect to the abovementioned aspects.< >

关键词： Automata Time factors Concurrent computing computer science Information science Assembly systems Steel Broadcasting Power generation economics computer languages

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The use of preemptive priority-based scheduling for space applications

The use of preemptive priority-based scheduling for space ap...

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Real-Time systems Symposium (RTSS)

作者： C.M. Bailey E. Fyfe T. Vardanega A.J. Wellings Communication Satellites Division British Aerospace Space Systems Limited Stevenage UK Real-time Systems Research Group Department of Computer Science University of York York UK ESTEC European Space Agency Noordwijk Zuid-Holland Netherlands

In January 1991, the European Space Agency commissioned a study into the practicality of using process-based scheduling techniques in an on-board application environment, with Ada as the implementation language. The s... 详细信息

关键词： Application software Real time systems Processor scheduling Design methodology Artificial satellites computer science Safety Space vehicles Control systems Space missions

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