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Do I enjoy my friends? Friendship and enjoyment during recess in autistic and non-autistic children

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Research in Autism

Research in Autism 2025年 124卷

作者： Jiayin Zhao Boya Li Yung-Ting Tsou Mitra Baratchi Els Blijd-Hoogewys Özgür Gülen Carolien Rieffe Unit of Developmental and Educational Psychology Institute of Psychology Leiden University Leiden the Netherlands Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS) Leiden University Leiden the Netherlands Developmental Psychology Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences. University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands Psychiatrie Noord Groningen the Netherlands Department of Psychology Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences Bahçeşehir University İstanbul Turkey Department of Human Media Interaction Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Enschede the Netherlands Department of Psychology and Human Development Institute of Education University College London London UK

Friendships play a crucial role in children’s well-being and school experiences. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of how autistic and non-autistic children's friendships are related to their enjoyment of the school time spent with peers, i.e. at recess time (school break time). A multi-method approach, including self-reports, peer nominations, and objective measures based on sensor data was used. Forty-five autistic children and 45 non-autistic children from two special education schools participated, aged between 8 to 14 years. Outcomes showed that autistic and non-autistic children did not differ regarding the number of reciprocal and non-reciprocated friends. Yet, autistic children spent less time in contact with their reciprocal friends during recess at the schoolyard compared to their non-autistic peers. Also, while non-autistic pupils spent more time with reciprocal friends than with non-reciprocated ones, this difference was not found among autistic pupils. Notably, spending more time with non-reciprocated friends during recess was related to lower levels of enjoyment in both autistic and non-autistic children. Our findings suggest that autistic children may approach friendships with different priorities. Furthermore, this study underscores the need to consider broader factors beyond reciprocity when assessing children’s social experience at school.

关键词： Peer contact Social Functioning School environment RFID data Schoolyard

A Theoretical Review: Risk Mitigation Through Trusted human Framework for Insider Threats

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A Theoretical Review: Risk Mitigation Through Trusted Human ...

2019 International Conference on Cybersecurity, ICoCSec 2019

作者： Apau, Mohd Nazer Sedek, Muliati Ahmad, Rabiah Information Security and Network Research Group Center for Advanced Computing Technology Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Department of Computer Science Department of Language and Human Development Durian Tunggal Melaka76109 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728156576

This paper discusses the possible effort to mitigate insider threats risk and aim to inspire organizations to consider identifying insider threats as one of the risks in the company's enterprise risk management activities. The paper suggests Trusted human Framework (THF) as the on-going and cyclic process to detect and deter potential employees who bound to become the fraudster or perpetrator violating the access and trust given. The mitigation's control statements were derived from the recommended practices in the 'Common Sense Guide to Mitigating Insider Threats' produced by the Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University (SEI-CMU). The statements validated via a survey which was responded by fifty respondents who work in Malaysia. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Surveys

Correction: Predicting substance use behaviors among students taking university entrance test: a cross-sectional study with machine learning techniques

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Current Psychology 2025年 1-1页

作者： Hasan, Md Emran Mamun, Mohammed A. Roy, Nitai ALmerab, Moneerah Mohammad Hossain, Md. Shakhaoat Al-Mamun, Firoj CHINTA Research Bangladesh Savar Bangladesh School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Department of Public Health and Informatics Jahangirnagar University Savar Bangladesh Department of Public Health University of South Asia Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis Patuakhali Science and Technology University Patuakhali Bangladesh Department of Psychology College of Education and Human Development Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Gait recognition based on measurements of moving human legs angles

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International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications 2020年第5期33卷 975-983页

作者： Al-Ani, M. Shaban Mohammadi, M. AlyanNezhadi, M.M. University of Human Development College of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Sulaymaniyah KRG Iraq Image Processing and Data Mining Lab Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran

Biometrics plays a crucial role in security systems. Gait recognition as an aspect of behavioral biometrics deals with identifying human based on the walking. In this research, we proposed a new method to identify people according to their gait characteristics. This approach is performed via several steps;a) the video frames of a walking subject is recorded. b) each video is decomposed into eight phases, wherein each phase, there are several frames. One frame per phase is selected. c) the extracted frame is segmented to separate the subject from the background. d) the image is converted to a binary image, and the skeletonization is applied to obtain the silhouette of the image. e) the fast Fourier transform is applied to each frame, and several statistical features are calculated. The average of the statistical measures for eight frames of a video is computed as a feature vector for the subject. Finally, the correlation is used to identify the subject based on the feature vector. The accuracy of 100% is achieved for the recognition of the subjects in the CASIA dataset. © 2020 Materials and Energy Research Center. All rights reserved.

关键词： Binary images

A comprehensive analysis of the Bencao(herbal)small RNA Atlas reveals novel RNA therapeutics for treating human diseases

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science China(Life sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 2380-2398页

作者： Yinghao Cao Yexuan Lin Na Sun Xinyi Du Yixin Dong Song Mei Xingyu Deng Xiaobei Li Shaoting Guo Kegong Tang Jiaqi Liu Xiangyu Qiao Dandan Zhao Yuhao Qin Cong Zhang Tianyi Xin Xiaohu Shi Congzhao Zhou Tao Dong De-an Guo Benedikt MKessler Dong Xu Jingyuan Song Fengming Huang Xiaoyue Wang Chengyu Jiang State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of ChinaEngineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100005China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxford OX37FZUK Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) CAMS Oxford Institute(COI)Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX37FZUK Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization TechnologyShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China Target Discovery Institute Centre for Medicines DiscoveryNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX37FZUK Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbia MO 65211USA

Cross-kingdom herbal mi RNA was first reported in *** a modified herbal extraction protocol,we obtained 73,677,287sequences by RNA-seq from 245 traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),of which 20,758,257 were unique *** constructed a Bencao(herbal)small RNA(s RNA)Atlas(http://***),annotated the sequences by sequence-based clustering,and created a nomenclature system for Bencao s *** profiles of 21,757 mi RNAs in the Atlas were highly consistent with those of plant mi RNAs in mi *** software tools,our results demonstrated that all human genes might be regulated by s RNAs from the Bencao s RNA Atlas,part of the predicted human target genes were experimentally validated,suggesting that Bencao s RNAs might be one of the main bioactive components of herbal *** established roadmaps for oligonucleotide drugs development and optimization of TCM ***,the decoctosome,a lipo-nano particle consisting of 0.5%–2.5%of the decoction,demonstrated potent medical *** propose a Bencao(herbal)Index,including small-molecule compounds(SM),protein peptides(P),nucleic acid(N),non-nucleic and non-proteinogenic large-molecule compounds(LM)and elements from Mendeleev's periodic table(E),to quantitatively measure the medical effects of botanic *** Bencao s RNA Atlas is a resource for developing gene-targeting oligonucleotide drugs and optimizing botanical medicine,and may provide potential remedies for the theory and practice of one medicine.

关键词： small RNA herbal decoction cross-kingdom regulation traditional Chinese medicine RNA oligonucleotide drug RNA therapeutics Bencao small RNA Atlas

Can viewer proximity be a behavioural marker for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Bishain, Rahul Chakrabarti, Bhismadev Dasgupta, Jayashree Dubey, Indu Chandran, Sharat Mukherjee, Debarati Divan, Gauri Lockwood-Estrin, Georgia Johnson, Mark Belmonte, Matthew Gulati, Sheffali Bhavnani, Supriya Gliga, Teodora Patel, Vikram Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India Centre for Autism School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading United Kingdom Division of Psychology De Montfort University United Kingdom Child Development Group Sangath Goa Bardez India

Screening for any of the Autism Spectrum Disorders is a complicated process often involving a hybrid of behavioural observations and questionnaire based tests. Typically carried out in a controlled setting, this process requires trained clinicians or psychiatrists for such assessments. Riding on the wave of technical advancement in mobile platforms, several attempts have been made at incorporating such assessments on mobile and tablet devices. In this paper we analyse videos generated using one such screening test. This paper reports the first use of the efficacy of using the observer’s distance from the display screen while administering a sensory sensitivity test as a behavioural marker for Autism for children aged 2-7 years. The potential for using a test such as this in casual home settings is promising. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Surveys

Robust Beam Search for Encoder-Decoder Attention Based Speech Recognition without Length Bias

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhou, Wei Schlüter, Ralf Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen52074 Germany AppTek GmbH Aachen52062 Germany

As one popular modeling approach for end-to-end speech recognition, attention-based encoder-decoder models are known to suffer the length bias and corresponding beam problem. Different approaches have been applied in simple beam search to ease the problem, most of which are heuristic-based and require considerable tuning. We show that heuristics are not proper modeling refinement, which results in severe performance degradation with largely increased beam sizes. We propose a novel beam search derived from reinterpreting the sequence posterior with an explicit length modeling. By applying the reinterpreted probability together with beam pruning, the obtained final probability leads to a robust model modification, which allows reliable comparison among output sequences of different lengths. Experimental verification on the LibriSpeech corpus shows that the proposed approach solves the length bias problem without heuristics or additional tuning effort. It provides robust decision making and consistently good performance under both small and very large beam sizes. Compared with the best results of the heuristic baseline, the proposed approach achieves the same WER on the 'clean' sets and 4% relative improvement on the 'other' sets. We also show that it is more efficient with the additional derived early stopping criterion. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

A systematic comparison of grapheme-based vs. phoneme-based label units for encoder-decoder-attention models

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zeineldeen, Mohammad Zeyer, Albert Zhou, Wei Ng, Thomas Schlüter, Ralf Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University 52062 Aachen Germany AppTek GmbH Aachen52062 Germany

Following the rationale of end-to-end modeling, CTC, RNN-T or encoder-decoder-attention models for automatic speech recognition (ASR) use graphemes or grapheme-based subword units based on e.g. byte-pair encoding (BPE). The mapping from pronunciation to spelling is learned completely from data. In contrast to this, classical approaches to ASR employ secondary knowledge sources in the form of phoneme lists to define phonetic output labels and pronunciation lexica. In this work, we do a systematic comparison between grapheme- and phoneme-based output labels for an encoder-decoder-attention ASR model. We investigate the use of single phonemes as well as BPE-based phoneme groups as output labels of our model. To preserve a simplified and efficient decoder design, we also extend the phoneme set by auxiliary units to be able to distinguish homophones. Experiments performed on the Switchboard 300h and LibriSpeech benchmarks show that phoneme-based modeling is competitive to grapheme-based encoder-decoder-attention modeling. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

Early stage LM integration using local and global log-linear combination

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Michel, Wilfried Schlüter, Ralf Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen52056 Germany AppTek GmbH Aachen52062 Germany

Sequence-to-sequence models with an implicit alignment mechanism (e.g. attention) are closing the performance gap towards traditional hybrid hidden Markov models (HMM) for the task of automatic speech recognition. One important factor to improve word error rate in both cases is the use of an external language model (LM) trained on large text-only corpora. language model integration is straightforward with the clear separation of acoustic model and language model in classical HMM-based modeling. In contrast, multiple integration schemes have been proposed for attention models. In this work, we present a novel method for language model integration into implicit-alignment based sequence-to-sequence models. Log-linear model combination of acoustic and language model is performed with a per-token renormalization. This allows us to compute the full normalization term efficiently both in training and in testing. This is compared to a global renormalization scheme which is equivalent to applying shallow fusion in training. The proposed methods show good improvements over standard model combination (shallow fusion) on our state-of-the-art Librispeech system. Furthermore, the improvements are persistent even if the LM is exchanged for a more powerful one after training. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hidden Markov models