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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bahar, Parnia Brix, Christopher Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen52074 Germany AppTek GmbH Aachen52062 Germany

Neural translation models have proven to be effective in capturing sufficient information from a source sentence and generating a high-quality target sentence. However, it is not easy to get the best effect for bidirectional translation, i.e., both source-to-target and target-to-source translation using a single model. If we exclude some pioneering attempts, such as multilingual systems, all other bidirectional translation approaches are required to train two individual models. This paper proposes to build a single end-to-end bidirectional translation model using a two-dimensional grid, where the left-to-right decoding generates source-to-target, and the bottom-to-up decoding creates target-to-source output. Instead of training two models independently, our approach encourages a single network to jointly learn to translate in both directions. Experiments on the WMT 2018 German↔English and Turkish↔English translation tasks show that the proposed model is capable of generating a good translation quality and has sufficient potential to direct the research. © 2020, CC-BY.

关键词： Decoding

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Tight integrated end-to-end training for cascaded speech translation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bahar, Parnia Bieschke, Tobias Schlüter, Ralf Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen52074 Germany AppTek GmbH Aachen52062 Germany

A cascaded speech translation model relies on discrete and non-differentiable transcription, which provides a supervision signal from the source side and helps the transformation between source speech and target text. Such modeling suffers from error propagation between ASR and MT models. Direct speech translation is an alternative method to avoid error propagation;however, its performance is often behind the cascade system. To use an intermediate representation and preserve the end-to-end trainability, previous studies have proposed using two-stage models by passing the hidden vectors of the recognizer into the decoder of the MT model and ignoring the MT encoder. This work explores the feasibility of collapsing the entire cascade components into a single end-to-end trainable model by optimizing all parameters of ASR and MT models jointly without ignoring any learned parameters. It is a tightly integrated method that passes renormalized source word posterior distributions as a soft decision instead of one-hot vectors and enables backpropagation. Therefore, it provides both transcriptions and translations and achieves strong consistency between them. Our experiments on four tasks with different data scenarios show that the model outperforms cascade models up to 1.8% in BLEU and 2.0% in TER and is superior compared to direct models. © 2020, CC-BY.

关键词： Backpropagation

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Neural Correlates of Perceiving Animacy in Robotic Objects

Research Square

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Research Square 2024年

作者： Yizhar, Or Maimon, Amber Tal, Zohar Wald, Iddo Yehoshua Erel, Hadas Friedman, Doron Zuckerman, Oren Amedi, Amir The Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain Cognition and Technology Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Reichman University Herzliya Israel Max Planck Institute for Human Development Research Group Adaptive Memory and Decision Making Germany Berlin Germany Computational Psychiatry and Neurotechnology Lab Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Ben Gurion University Be’er Sheva Israel Digital Media Lab Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Bremen Bremen Germany Proaction Laboratory Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Media Innovation Lab Sammy Ofer School of Communications Reichman University Herzliya Israel Advanced Reality Lab Sammy Ofer School of Communications Reichman University Herzliya Israel

The prevalence of robots in modern society calls for gaining a fundamental understanding of the underlying principles of human-robot interaction. In particular, we need to understand how people perceive robots and how different physical and social characteristics affect this perception. Here, we examined the neural correlates of observing simple gestures performed by a non-humanoid social robot, focusing on the role of the Ventral Occipitotemporal (VOT) cortex in processing perceived animacy. Our results reveal that a broad bilateral cortical network is activated, comprising areas related to action observation, the social brain, and the visual cortex, including the VOT. We also found a correlation between the level of neural responses in the VOT, especially in the left hemisphere, and individual animacy ratings of the robotic object. This correlation provides a physical basis for such subjective ratings. These results suggest a complex representation of perceived animacy across the lateral-medial axis of the VOT, explained by spatial cortical location and the amplitude of neural responses. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how people perceive robots, their behaviors and intentions, which are crucial for developing social robots that can interact with humans more naturally. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： human robot interaction

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Ubiquitous Computing Environment: Literature review 1

Ubiquitous Computing Environment: Literature review

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1st International Conference of Intelligent Computing and Engineering, ICOICE 2019

作者： Alshqaqi, Sarah Abdalrahman Zahary, Ammar T. Zayed, Mohammed Mohammed Sanaa University Department of Information Technology Sanaa Yemen Faculty of Computer and IT Sanaa University Faculty of Engineering and IT Azal University for Human Development Sanaa Yemen Sanaa University Department of Computer Science Sanaa Yemen

ISBN: (纸本)9781728144870

During the fast improvement of computing technology worldwide, the new intelligent concept of Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp) has appeared as a promising field that cover different areas such as sensors network, artificial intelligence and computer science. Ubicomp is a way to improve the quality of users life by making many computers available and effectively invisible to the user throughout the physical environment. There have been number of studies, research developments and technologies that have emerged in Ubicomp such as the components and fundamental properties of Ubicomp system, context aware systems, wearable systems, Internet of Things technology(IoT) and Things That Think(TTT). However, there is still a lack of understanding of Ubicomp environments and the comprehensive studies in this part are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to show understanding literature review that classify the Ubicomp environments into Pervasive computing, Context-Aware system, Internet of things (IoT), Wearable system and Things that think (TTT). © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Ubiquitous computing

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Ubiquitous Computing and its Security Concerns 1

Ubiquitous Computing and its Security Concerns

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1st International Conference of Intelligent Computing and Engineering, ICOICE 2019

作者： Al-Motwakel, Omar Ahmed Zahary, Ammar Thabit Faculty of Computer Science Sanaa University Department of Information Technology Sanaa Yemen Faculty of Computer Faculty of Computer and IT Sanaa University Faculty of Engineering and IT Azal University for Human Development Sanaa Yemen

ISBN: (数字)9781728144870

ISBN: (纸本)9781728144870

This paper describes the perception of Ubiquitous as well as its security concerns. The recent deploying of smart devices increase the ubiquitous computing, the emanated computing allows anytime anywhere computing to be possible. With the raise of technology will increase the concerns about security as well as privacy. Thus, it is important to be aware about every technology before using it. This paper explains the information and the security of Ubiquitous computing, Internet Of the Things, and Context Aware, to increase knowledge about ubiquitous terminologies and provide tips that will help in the real word for the technology provider as well as the technology users. The ubiquitous information will provide the awareness about Ubiquitous terminologies (terms), technologies, uses, and tools, as well as the advantages of ubiquitous computing. This paper also shows the concern of the security and privacy of ubiquitous computing and describes the ubiquitous technologies that could be helpful. Ubiquitous computing is increasingly recognized as a serious, worldwide public security and privacy concern;therefore, this paper explains the disadvantages of ubiquity, and the risks of ubiquity. Finally, this paper ends with some security and privacy techniques that are suggested in ubiquitous computing protection. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Normative modelling of brain morphometry across the lifespan with CentileBrain: algorithm benchmarking and model optimisation

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The Lancet Digital Health 2024年第3期6卷 e211-e221页

作者： Ge, Ruiyang Yu, Yuetong Qi, Yi Xuan Fan, Yu-nan Chen, Shiyu Gao, Chuntong Haas, Shalaila S New, Faye Boomsma, Dorret I Brodaty, Henry Brouwer, Rachel M Buckner, Randy Caseras, Xavier Crivello, Fabrice Crone, Eveline A Erk, Susanne Fisher, Simon E Franke, Barbara Glahn, David C Dannlowski, Udo Grotegerd, Dominik Gruber, Oliver Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E Schumann, Gunter Tamnes, Christian K Walter, Henrik Wierenga, Lara M Jahanshad, Neda Thompson, Paul M Frangou, Sophia Agartz, Ingrid Asherson, Philip Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa Banaj, Nerisa Banaschewski, Tobias Baumeister, Sarah Bertolino, Alessandro Borgwardt, Stefan Bourque, Josiane Brandeis, Daniel Breier, Alan Buitelaar, Jan K Cannon, Dara M Cervenka, Simon Conrod, Patricia J Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto Davey, Christopher G de Haan, Lieuwe de Zubicaray, Greig I Di Giorgio, Annabella Frodl, Thomas Gruner, Patricia Gur, Raquel E Gur, Ruben C Harrison, Ben J Hatton, Sean N Hickie, Ian Howells, Fleur M Huyser, Chaim Jernigan, Terry L Jiang, Jiyang Joska, John A Kahn, René S Kalnin, Andrew J Kochan, Nicole A Koops, Sanne Kuntsi, Jonna Lagopoulos, Jim Lazaro, Luisa Lebedeva, Irina S Lochner, Christine Martin, Nicholas G Mazoyer, Bernard McDonald, Brenna C McDonald, Colm McMahon, Katie L Medland, Sarah Modabbernia, Amirhossein Mwangi, Benson Nakao, Tomohiro Nyberg, Lars Piras, Fabrizio Portella, Maria J Qiu, Jiang Roffman, Joshua L Sachdev, Perminder S Sanford, Nicole Satterthwaite, Theodore D Saykin, Andrew J Sellgren, Carl M Sim, Kang Smoller, Jordan W Soares, Jair C Sommer, Iris E Spalletta, Gianfranco Stein, Dan J Thomopoulos, Sophia I Tomyshev, Alexander S Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana Trollor, Julian N van 't Ent, Dennis van den Heuvel, Odile A van Erp, Theo GM van Haren, Neeltje EM Vecchio, Daniela Veltman, Dick J Wang, Yang Weber, Bernd Wei, Dongtao Wen, Wei Westlye, Lars T Williams, Steven CR Wright, Margaret J Wu, Mon-Ju Yu, Kevin Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New YorkNY United States Netherlands Twin Register Department of Biological Psychology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing University of New South Wales SydneyNSW Australia Department of Complex Trait Genetics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Center for Brain Science Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics Cardiff University Wales Cardiff United Kingdom Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle—Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives Université de Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5293 Bordeaux France Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam Netherlands Division of Mind and Brain Research Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Language and Genetics Department Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen Netherlands Departments of Human Genetics Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Boston Children's Hospital BostonMA United States Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Münster Münster Germany Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging Department of General Psychiatry Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Department of Experimental Psychology Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence Fudan University Shanghai China PONS Centre Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience CCM Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germ

The value of normative models in research and clinical practice relies on their robustness and a systematic comparison of different modelling algorithms and parameters;however, this has not been done to date. We aimed to identify the optimal approach for normative modelling of brain morphometric data through systematic empirical benchmarking, by quantifying the accuracy of different algorithms and identifying parameters that optimised model performance. We developed this framework with regional morphometric data from 37 407 healthy individuals (53% female and 47% male;aged 3–90 years) from 87 datasets from Europe, Australia, the USA, South Africa, and east Asia following a comparative evaluation of eight algorithms and multiple covariate combinations pertaining to image acquisition and quality, parcellation software versions, global neuroimaging measures, and longitudinal stability. The multivariate fractional polynomial regression (MFPR) emerged as the preferred algorithm, optimised with non-linear polynomials for age and linear effects of global measures as covariates. The MFPR models showed excellent accuracy across the lifespan and within distinct age-bins and longitudinal stability over a 2-year period. The performance of all MFPR models plateaued at sample sizes exceeding 3000 study participants. This model can inform about the biological and behavioural implications of deviations from typical age-related neuroanatomical changes and support future study designs. The model and scripts described here are freely available through CentileBrain. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

关键词： Benchmarking

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Corrigendum to “Effects of architectural interventions on psychological, cognitive, social, and pro-environmental aspects of occupant well-being: Results from an immersive online study” [Build. Environ. 253 (2024) 111293]

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Building and Environment 2024年 262卷

作者： Eva Bianchi Lucy Zhang Bencharit Elizabeth L. Murnane Basma Altaf Isabella P. Douglas James A. Landay Sarah L. Billington Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Stanford University USA Department of Psychology and Child Development California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo USA School of Engineering Dartmouth College USA Department of Computer Science Stanford University USA Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Stanford University USA Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University USA

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Spreading code identification of legal drones in IoT environment 8

Spreading code identification of legal drones in IoT environ...

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8th International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies, EST 2019

作者： Ali Alheeti, Khattab M. Al-Ani, Muzhir Shaban McDonald-Maier, Klaus Department of Computer Networking Systems College of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Anbar Iraq University of Human Development College of Science and Technology Department of Information Technology Sulaymaniyah Iraq School of Computer Sciences and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Colchester United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781728155463

The widespread use of drones has become very common today with large-scale civil and military applications. In the next few coming years, the outlook is expected that the number of drones will reach millions. So, these need to be well organised and managed in order to achieve the benefits of IoT with this accelerated environment. Drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) must achieved a level of communications to authenticate a legal working. The proposed approach concentrated on preparing each drone with identification key based on the combination of its international sim number with the date of the first action and the local country code. This approach is called Drone IDentification (DID) that generate a unique code for each drone via spreading technique. In this case any drone not apply this regulation is considered as unauthenticated drone and does not allowed to fly. This approach is very important to establish drone regulation via IoT. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Drones

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Longitudinal Complex Dynamics of Labour Markets Reveal Increasing Polarisation

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Althobaiti, Shahad Alabdulkareem, Ahmad Shen, Judy Hanwen Rahwan, Iyad Frank, Morgan Moro, Esteban Rutherford, Alex Riyadh Saudi Arabia Intelmatix Intelligent Informatics Technologies CambridgeMA United States Computer Science Department Stanford University CA United States Center for Humans and Machines Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin Germany Department of Informatics and Networked Systems University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Digital Economy Lab Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Stanford University StanfordCA United States Media Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Mathematics & GISC Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganes Spain Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

In this paper we conduct a longitudinal analysis of the structure of labour markets in the US over 7 decades of technological, economic and policy change. We make use of network science, natural language processing and machine learning to uncover structural changes in the labour market over time. We find a steady rate of both disappearance of jobs and a shift in the required work tasks, despite much technological and economic change over this time period. Machine learning is used to classify jobs as being predominantly cognitive or physical based on the textual description of the workplace tasks. We also measure increasing polarisation between these two classes of jobs, linked by the similarity of tasks, over time that could constrain workers wishing to move to different jobs. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Employment

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