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2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology, ICHIT 2006

作者： Gioug, Oh Dooyeon, Kim Sangil, Kim Sungyul, Rhew Department of Computer Information Kangwon Tourism College Korea Republic of Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science Soongsil University Korea Republic of

With ubiquitous computing system, users can access information through a computer network at any time and in any place. The basic infrastructure of ubiquitous computing system is wireless network environment, and a RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system is composed tags, readers, middleware, application services, etc. and uses networks. RFID middleware is system software that collects a large volume of raw data generated in RFID environment, filters the data, summarizes them into meaningful information and delivers the information to application services. RFID middleware links hardware to conventional middleware. Previous researches on RFID middleware have covered middleware from SUN, SAP, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, etc. These products attach importance to different quality characteristics, and there have been few researches on the quality properties of RFID middleware. The present study examined functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency and portability among the quality characteristics of software in international standard ISO/IEC 9126 as well as the quality elements of standard RFID middleware of EPC Global, and based on them we extracted and analyzed items for evaluating the quality of RFID middleware in ubiquitous computing systems. Using the AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) that enables rational decision making by simplifying complicated problems, we evaluated the subjective characteristics of stakeholders in an objective way and proposed a selection method that evaluates quality using quality evaluation criteria. The proposed evaluation selection method is useful for developers who are going to develop RFID middleware in areas such as distribution and logistics to select RFID middleware suitable for their environment. © 2003 IEEE.

关键词： Middleware

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The RWTH Statistical Machine Translation System for the IWSLT 2006 Evaluation 3

The RWTH Statistical Machine Translation System for the IWSL...

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3rd International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2006

作者： Mauser, Arne Zens, Richard Matusov, Evgeny Hasan, Saša Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Lehrstuhl für Informatik 6 Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

We give an overview of the RWTH phrase-based statistical machine translation system that was used in the evaluation campaign of the International Workshop on Spoken language Translation (IWSLT) 2006. The system was ranked first with respect to the BLEU measure in all language pairs it was used Using a two-pass aproach, we first generate the N best translation candidates. The second pass consists of rescoring and reranking these candidates. We will give a description of the search algorithm as well as of the models used in each pass. We will also describe our method for dealing with punctuation restoration, in order to overcome the difficulties of spoken language translation. This work also includes a brief description of the system combination done by the partners participating in the European TC-Star project. © 2006 International Workshop on Spoken language Translation, IWSLT 2006. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer aided language translation

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N-Gram posterior probabilities for statistical machine translation

N-Gram posterior probabilities for statistical machine trans...

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2006 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, WMT 2006, collocated with the HLT-NAACL 2006

作者： Zens, Richard Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Lehrstuhl für Informatik 6 - Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

Word posterior probabilities are a common approach for confidence estimation in automatic speech recognition and machine translation. We will generalize this idea and introduce n-gram posterior probabilities and show how these can be used to improve translation quality. Additionally, we will introduce a sentence length model based on posterior probabilities. We will show significant improvements on the Chinese-English NIST task. The absolute improvements of the BLEU score is between 1.1% and 1.6%. © HLT-NAACL *** right reserved.

关键词： Machine translation

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Discriminative reordering models for statistical machine translation

Discriminative reordering models for statistical machine tra...

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2006 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, WMT 2006, collocated with the HLT-NAACL 2006

作者： Zens, Richard Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Lehrstuhl für Informatik 6 Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

We present discriminative reordering models for phrase-based statistical machine translation. The models are trained using the maximum entropy principle. We use several types of features: based on words, based on word classes, based on the local context. We evaluate the overall performance of the reordering models as well as the contribution of the individual feature types on a word-aligned corpus. Additionally, we show improved translation performance using these reordering models compared to a state-of-the-art baseline system. © HLT-NAACL *** right reserved.

关键词： computer aided language translation

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Automatic learning of Chinese English semantic structure mapping

Automatic learning of Chinese English semantic structure map...

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IEEE Spoken language Technology Workshop

作者： Pascale Fung Wu Zhaojun Yang Yongsheng Dekai Wu Human Language Technology Center Department of Electronic and Computer EngineeringDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Hong Kong China

We present twin results on Chinese semantic parsing, with application to English-Chinese cross- lingual verb frame acquisition. First, we describe two new state-of-the-art Chinese shallow semantic parsers leading to an F-score of 82.01 on simultaneous frame and argument boundary identification and labeling. Subsequently, we propose a model that applies the separate Chinese and English semantic parsers to learn cross-lingual semantic verb frame argument mappings with 89.3% accuracy. The only training data needed by this cross-lingual learning model is a pair of non-parallel monolingual Propbanks, plus an unannotated parallel corpus. We also present the first reported controlled comparison of maximum entropy and SVM approaches to shallow semantic parsing, using the Chinese data.

关键词： Natural languages Labeling Training data Error correction US Government humans computer science Application software Entropy Support vector machines

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Inversion transduction grammar coverage of arabic-english word alignment for tree-structured statistical machine translation

Inversion transduction grammar coverage of arabic-english wo...

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IEEE Spoken language Technology Workshop

作者： Dekai Wu Marine Carpuat Yihai Shen HKUST Department of Computer Science and Engineering Human Language Technology Center Hong Kong China

We present the first known direct measurement of word alignment coverage on an Arabic-English parallel corpus using inversion transduction grammar constraints. While direct measurements have been reported for several European and Asian languages, to date no results have been available for Arabic or any Semitic language despite much recent activity on Arabic- English spoken language and text translation. Many recent syntax based statistical MT models operate within the domain of ITG expressiveness, often for efficiency reasons, so it has become important to determine the extent to which the ITG constraint assumption holds. Our results on Arabic provide further evidence that ITG expressiveness appears largely sufficient for core MT models.

关键词： Natural languages Decoding Context modeling Hidden Markov models Error analysis humans Marine technology computer science Oral communication Formal languages

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Directional Shadow Registration Algorithm for Efficient Cluster Mobility in Ad Hoc Networks

Directional Shadow Registration Algorithm for Efficient Clus...

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International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)

作者： Keun-Ho Lee Sang-Bum Han Heyi-Sook Suh Chong-Sun Hwang Department of Computer Science & Engineering Korea University Seoul South Korea Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development Seoul South Korea

This paper presents a novel relative mobility metric for MANETs. There have been many researches on providing mobility under mobile/wireless environment. However, previous researches had several problem as disruption and unnecessary traffic. Disruption happens when messages are exchanged between nodes as registration is made after handoff, and unnecessary traffic occurs because of the use of random-move model, in which the probability for node to move to the neighboring clusters is equal. In order to solve these problems, this study proposes a technique and algorithm for composing direction shadow registration (DSR) that provides seamless mobility. We are introduced a cluster division scheme and decided minimal DSR. DSR can sensed the optimal time for handoff through regional cluster division and applied direction vector (DV) obtained through directional cluster sectoring. According to the result of the experiment, the proposed DSR processes message exchange between nodes within the intracluster, the frequency of disruptions decreased significantly compared to that in previous researches held in interdomain environment. In addition, traffic that occurs at every handoff happened twice in DSR compared to n (the number of neighboring clusters) times in previous researches

关键词： Clustering algorithms Intelligent networks Ad hoc networks Telecommunication traffic Traffic control Protocols Mobile radio mobility management Mobile communication Costs Mobile ad hoc networks

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Threshold authenticated key configuration scheme based on multi-layer clustering in mobile ad hoc

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APWeb 2006 International Workshops: XRA, IWSN, MEGA, and ICSE

作者： Lee, Keun-Ho Han, Sang-Bum Suh, Heyi-Sook Hwang, Chong-Sun Lee, Sangkeun Department of Computer Science and Engineering Korea University 5-ga Anam-dong Sungbuk-gu Seoul 136-701 Korea Republic of Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development Information Technology 77-6 Sejong-ro Jongro-gu Seoul 110-760 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)3540311580

In this paper, we describe a secure cluster-routing protocol based on clustering scheme in ad hoc networks. This work provides scalable, threshold authentication scheme in ad hoc networks. We present detailed security threats against ad hoc multi-layer routing protocols. Our proposed protocol designs an end-to-end authentication protocol that relies on mutual trust between nodes in other clusters. The scheme strategy takes advantage of threshold authenticated key configuration in large ad hoc networks. We propose an authentication scheme that uses certificates containing an asymmetric key using the threshold cryptography scheme, thereby reducing the computational overhead and successfully defeating all identified attacks. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.

关键词： Mobile telecommunication systems

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Building a Packages Delivery Schedule Using Extended Simulated Annealing

Building a Packages Delivery Schedule Using Extended Simulat...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Tae-Hyoung Kim Chi-Hwa Song Won Don Lee Jae-Cheol Ryou graduate student of Chungnam National University Department of Medical Information Munkyung College Kyungbuk Korea. phone: +82-054-559-1223 email: thkim@mkc.ac.kr Human Resource Development Consortium Chungnam National University Daejeon South Korea Department of Computer Science Chungnam National University Daejeon South Korea

In this paper, we describe a package delivery problem and propose a method based on the extended simulated annealing(ESA) algorithm which is able to find an optimal routing path for efficient package delivery service.... 详细信息

关键词： Packaging Simulated annealing Cities and towns Routing computer science Roads Vehicles Educational institutions humans Information technology

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The requirements model and behaviour in specification of requirements

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International Journal of Information and Management sciences 2006年第1期17卷 67-89页

作者： Sood, Manu Sabharwal, Sangeeta Singh, Yogesh Himachal Pradesh University India Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology India Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University India Department of Computer Science Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill Shimla Himachal Pradesh India Department of Computer Science Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill Shimla Himachal Pradesh -171005 India Division of Computer Engineering and Information Technology Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology New Delhi India Division of Computer Engineering and Information Technology Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology Sector-3 Dwarka New Delhi-110045 India School of Information Technology Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Kashmere Gate Delhi.-110006 India IT-Task Force Core-Group on E-Education Government of NCT of Delhi Review Committee for Direct Central Assistance Schemes Project Ministry of Human Resources Development Government of India IETE IEEE

The proper elicitation and specification of functional and non-functional requirements of an information system in a given environment is the first and the most critical task for the software developers today. The next critical activity is to properly understand these requirements so as to map them on to various design artifacts. In this paper, with the help of the requirements model, we present the behaviour part in the specification of requirements. We explain the behaviour in the specification with the help of dependencies using a mathematical model and a tree/graph so as to enhance the complete understanding of the requirements specification of the information system.

关键词： Requirements engineering

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