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18th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, ICSTW 2025

作者： Chiu, Yu-Cheng Mwangi, Maina Bernard Cheng, Shin-Ming Lee, Hahn-Ming National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534677

In AI-based malware detection, structural features such as function call graphs (FCGs) and control flow graphs (CFGs) are widely used for their ability to encapsulate program execution flow and facilitate cross-architectural malware detection in IoT environments. When combined with deep learning (DL) models, such as graph neural networks (GNNs) that capture node interdependencies, these features enhance malware detection and enable the identification of novel threats. However, AI-based detectors require frequent updates and retraining to adapt to evolving malware strains, often relying on datasets from online crowdsourced threat intelligence platforms, which are vulnerable to poisoning and backdoor attacks. Backdoor attacks implant triggers in training samples, embedding vulnerabilities into ML models that can later be exploited. While extensive research exists on backdoor attacks in other domains, their implications for structural AI-based IoT malware detection remain unexplored. This study proposes a novel backdoor attack targeting IoT malware detectors trained on structural features. By leveraging CFGExplainer, we identify the most influential subgraphs from benign samples, extract them to serve as triggers, and inject them into malicious samples in the training dataset. Additionally, we introduce a partition-trigger strategy that injects triggers into malware while splitting critical malicious nodes to reduce their influence on label prediction. Ultimately, we achieve high attack success rates of up to 100% against state-of-the-art structural IoT malware detectors, underscoring critical security vulnerabilities and emphasizing the need for advanced countermeasures against backdoor attacks. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： computer viruses

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Pneumonia Net: Pneumonia Detection and Categorization in Chest X-ray Images

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Recent Advances in computer science and Communications 2024年第3期17卷 20-31页

作者： Srivastava, Somya Verma, Seema Das, Nripendra Narayan Sharma, Shraddha Dubey, Gaurav Department of Computer Science ABES Engineering College Ghaziabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Delhi India Department of Information Technology Manipal University Jaipur Rajasthan Jaipur India Department of Computer Science Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gujarat India Department of Computer Science KIET Group of Institutions Ghaziabad India

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death and disability due to respiratory infections. The key to successful treatment of pneumonia is in its early diagnosis and correct classification. PneumoniaNet is a unique deep-learning model based on CNN for identifying pneumonia on chest X-rays. Objective: A deep learning model that combines convolutional, pooling, and fully connected layers is presented in this study. Methods: In order to learn how to identify cases of pneumonia and healthy controls on chest X-ray pictures, PneumoniaNet was trained on a large labeled library of such images. A robust data augmentation technique was adopted to enhance the model generalization and training set diversity. Standard measures like as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were applied to PneumoniaNet's performance evaluation. Results: The suggested model performed effectively in detecting pneumonia cases with an accuracy of 93.88%. Conclusion: The model was evaluated against the current state-of-art methods and showed that PneumoniaNet outperformed the other models. © 2024 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Deep learning

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Applying sentiment analysis in social web for smart decision support marketing

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2024年第3期15卷 1927-1936页

作者： Wu, Shih-Jung Chiang, Rui-Dong Chang, Han-Chi Department of Innovative Information and Technology Tamkang University New Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tamkang University New Taipei Taiwan

Because of the rapid development of communication and service in Taiwan, competition among telecommunication companies has become ever fiercer. Differences in marketing strategy usually become the key factor in keeping existing customers while attracting new ones. Although electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) is one of the most important pieces of information to a consumer making a purchase decision, very few articles on opinion mining have discussed and compared the relationship between multifaceted word-of-mouth (WOM) and marketing strategy. In this paper, we use our Chinese opinion-mining system (Wu et al. in J Supercomput 73:2987–3001, 2017) not only to retrieve articles related to 4G and conduct reputation analysis but also to discuss the relation between WOM and marketing strategy. The results show that (1) e-WOM can immediately and directly reflect the results of marketing strategy, and (2) although users are primarily concerned with aspects of price, online speed, and signal quality, for most Taiwanese customers, price is the key in choosing a telecommunication company. Moreover, although this paper used 4G-related articles from June 2014 to June 2015 for analysis, the results are consistent with the Taiwanese telecommunication companies’ current marketing strategy of attracting customers through low pricing. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018.

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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An Enhanced RNN-LSTM Model for Fundus Image Classification to Diagnose Glaucoma

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SN computer science 2024年第5期5卷 514页

作者： Veena, H.N. Patil, Kavita K. Vanajakshi, P. Ambore, Anilkumar Gowda, Naveen Chandra Department of Computer Science and Engineering SJB Institute of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Information Science and Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Information Science and Engineering Vivekananda Institute of Technology Bengaluru India School of CSE REVA University Bengaluru India School of Computer Science and Engineering REVA University Bengaluru India

In the current medical implications, one of the leading ocular diseases is Glaucoma which majorly damage the Optic Nerve Head (ONH) of the eye retina. The intraocular pressure of the eye leads to glaucoma, which may lead to complete or partial vision loss. Regular screening and early detection is the only solution to avoid further vision loss. Due to the laborious and manual procedure in diagnosis, an automatic system is needed to diagnose glaucoma. This paper presents a novel method using deep learning-based RNNLSTM classification model to develop an automatic approach to predict and classify the images to be as healthy or glaucomatous. The RNN and LSTM with dense, dropout, and batch normalization layers are used for training and testing the proposed prediction model. The RNN model is used for training the model and to overcome the problems that occur during training, the LSTM model is applied to increase the performance of the model. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 97.4%, specificity of 97.9% and sensitivity of 97%in classifying the images. We have made use of the DRISHTI-GS database for training and testing the proposed model. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Deep learning Glaucoma Long short-term memory (LSTM) Recurrent neural network (RNN)

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Internet of things technology, research, and challenges: a survey

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 8455-8490页

作者： Vishwakarma, Amit Kumar Chaurasia, Soni Kumar, Kamal Singh, Yatindra Nath Chaurasia, Renu Management science and technology Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Computer science & Engineering SGT University Gurugram India Department of Information Technology IGDTUW New Delhi India Electrical Engineering IIT Kanpur Kanpur India Computer science & Engineering AIT Rooma Kanpur India

The world of digitization is growing exponentially;data optimization, security of a network, and energy efficiency are becoming more prominent. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the core technology of modern society. This paper is based on a survey of recent and past technologies used for IoT optimization models, such as IoT with Blockchain, IoT with WSN, IoT with ML, and IoT with big data analysis. Suppose anyone wants to start core research on IoT technologies, research opportunities, challenges, and solutions. In that case, this paper will help me understand all the basics, such as security, interoperability, standards, scalability, complexity, data management, and quality of service (QoS). This paper also discusses some recent technologies and the challenges in implementation. Finally, this paper discusses research possibilities in basic and applied IoT Domains. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Internet of things

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Unguided Machine Learning-Based Computation Offloading for Near-Memory Processing 38

Unguided Machine Learning-Based Computation Offloading for N...

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38th International Conference on VLSI Design, VLSID 2025

作者： Maity, Satanu Ghose, Manojit Kumar, Avinash Chakraborty, Anol Chakraborty, Ankit Indian Institute of Information Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Assam Guwahati India Jorhat Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Assam India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522445

Recent data-intensive applications encounter memory wall bottlenecks in the traditional processor-centric computing architecture due to the need for frequent and extensive off-chip data movement. The emerging 3D-enabled near-memory processing (NMP) is a potential solution where computation can be offloaded and performed near memory, eliminating the need for expansive off-chip data transfer. Recently, some crucial works in this context have been proposed that use a supervised machine learning approach that requires a well-labeled dataset, which necessitates creating a time-consuming simulation process. Furthermore, their major focus was on profiling and offloading the entire application to the NMP side, causing a sub-optimal performance because of the low processing power on the NMP cores. This paper presents an unguided machine-learning-based approach (UCO) for computation offloading in NMP architecture that offloads only the memory-intensive regions of an application. The approach extracts several application performance characteristics and creates two clusters using them - one for the CPU side and another for the NMP side. The proposed approach's effectiveness is demonstrated through a series of comprehensive experiments with standard simulators and dataintensive benchmark applications. The results indicate that UCO improves performance (1.31x and 1.10x), saves energy (16% and 12%), and reduces off-chip data transfer (78% and 73%) compared to conventional and state-of-the-art approaches. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Unsupervised learning

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Defect classification of glass substrate using deep neuro-fuzzy network with optimal parameter combination

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Granular Computing 2023年第4期8卷 839-849页

作者： Zhuang, Shun-Jie Lin, Cheng-Jian Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung41107 Taiwan

Currently, numerous smart products are based on glass substrates. However, defects that occur during the production of glass substrates affect the quality and safety of the final products. Accordingly, we developed an optimal-parameter-combination-based deep neuro-fuzzy network (O-DNFN) for classifying defects in glass substrate images. The proposed O-DNFN comprises a deep neuro-fuzzy network (DNFN) and uses the Taguchi method. The fusion layer of the DNFN uses four feature fusion methods. The neuro-fuzzy network in the DNFN serves as replacement to a fully connected network for the classification of defects in glass substrate images. Because O-DNFN model parameter selection is challenging, we used the Taguchi method to determine the optimal parameter combination through fewer experiments. The experimental results revealed that the accuracy rates of the proposed O-DNFN with global max pooling fusion and an LeNet model in classifying defects in glass substrate images were 91.8% and 88%, respectively. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Defects

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Leveraging machine learning for intelligent agriculture

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-21页

作者： Sowmya, B.J. Meeradevi, A.K. Supreeth, S. Pradeep Kumar, D. Ravi Kumar, B.N. Rohith, S. Mishra, Divyansh Koushik, Abhishek Patil, Ankit U. Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru560054 India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru560054 India School of Computer Science and Engineering REVA University Bengaluru560064 India Department of Computer Science Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru560054 India Department of Information Science and Engineering BMS Institute of Technology & Management Bengaluru560119 India Department of Electronics and Engineering Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology Bengaluru562164 India

Agriculture, the backbone of many economies, faces challenges like lack of information, outdated practices, and limited access to technology, hindering farmer productivity. This work proposes a user-friendly, multilingual platform leveraging Generative AI to address farmers' diverse needs. The platform encompasses various features to enhance agricultural practices. An LLM-powered Government Scheme Advisor functions as a multilingual chatbot offering intelligent guidance on government agricultural schemes and subsidies. The Disease Detection module utilizes AI technology for real-time identification and treatment recommendations, minimizing crop diseases and yield losses. The Soil Testing Centre feature locates nearby soil testing centers, providing essential information based on geographical data to assist farmers in optimizing soil quality. A Crop Recommendation feature employs Machine Learning algorithms to offer personalized crop recommendations, considering various factors and aiding informed decision-making. The Crop Planning Tool, with its intuitive user interface, simplifies planning planting schedules and managing resources. Additionally, the platform includes an MSP Center Locator to find nearby Minimum Support Price (MSP) centers based on location. By integrating these innovative solutions, this platform bridges the gap between conventional agricultural techniques and contemporary technology, equipping farmers with the resources and expertise essential for advancing productivity and sustainability. Multilingual support ensures accessibility for a wider audience, breaking down language barriers and promoting inclusivity in the agricultural sector. This work proposes an innovative, multilingual platform powered by Generative AI to address these issues. Key features include an LLM-driven chatbot for government scheme guidance, AI-based real-time disease detection, and location-based tools for soil testing and MSP center identification. Additionally, the platf

关键词： Smart agriculture

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Cnn models aided with a metaclassifier for lung Carcinoma classification using histopathological images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-25页

作者： Gautam, Nandita Ghosh, Sohini Sarkar, Ram Department of Computer Science & amp Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata India Department of Information Technology Netaji Subhash Engineering College Kolkata India

Lung cancer is a dangerous disease with differing treatment plans based on types and location of the cancerous cells. The overall 5-year survival rate for all stages of lung cancer is around 15%. People who smoke are at the highest risk of developing lung cancer. Early detection of lung cancer is crucial for starting early treatment and preventing the disease from spreading. Hence, it can improve people’s chances of survival. Imaging tests, such as a chest computed tomography (CT) scan, can detect lung cancer by providing a more detailed picture. However, the examination of chest CT scans is a challenging task and is prone to subject variability. For this, researchers have developed many computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems for the automatic detection of cancer using CT scan images. Misdiagnoses can occur in manual interpretation of images. An automated trained neural network on lung images from healthy and malignant lung cells helps lower the problem. Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based pretrained deep learning models have been used successfully to detect lung cancer. The accuracy of classification is significant to avoid false prediction. This research presents a metalearning based approach for identifying the common types of lung cancer tissues namely, Benign tissue, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Adenocarcinoma using LC25000 dataset. All the experiments have been conducted on a publicly available benchmark dataset for lung histopathological images. The features extracted from the penultimate layer (global average pooling) of the transfer learning-based CNN models, namely InceptionResNetV1, EfficientNetB7, and DenseNet121, have been fused together, and the dimensionality reduction has been applied to them before passing to the metaclassifier, which is the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier in our case. A quantitative analysis of the proposed algorithm has been conducted through classification accuracy and confusion matrix computation. When compared wit

关键词： Lung cancer

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Enabling IoT Service Classification: A Machine Learning-Based Approach for Handling Classification Issues in Heterogeneous IoT Services

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IEEE Access 2023年 11卷 89024-89037页

作者： Abbasi, Mohammad Asad Chen, Yen-Lin Khan, Abdullah Ayub Memon, Zulfiqar A. Durrani, Nouman M. Yang, Jing Ku, Chin Soon Por, Lip Yee Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Karachi75660 Pakistan National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Sindh Madressatul Islam University Department of Computer Science Karachi74000 Pakistan -FAST Department of Computer Science Islamabad44000 Pakistan Universiti Malaya Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a form of Internet-based distributed computing that allows devices and their services to interact and execute tasks for each other. Consequently, the footprint of the IoT is increasing and becoming more complex to the highest degree. This has also given birth to new IoT-enabled applications and services. Efficient service interaction and management also call for understanding and analyzing the nature of IoT services. Further, IoT services must be characterized into various classes, and different service-related attributes must be considered for the classification. This article assesses the requirements of heterogeneous IoT services by examining their interactions. Principally, heterogeneous IoT and their service interactions are targeted. The research work performs classification of IoT services into various classes. Services are classified on the basis of various attributes. The attributes reflect different characteristics of the services. This research enables improved utilization of IoT services through efficient classification of available resources using machine learning methods. To demonstrate service classification applicability, the SVM, voting classifier, and decision tree have been applied in a service-oriented environment along with different types of services. All the services in the data set were analyzed and divided into five classes. Moreover, the decision tree performed well and achieved higher accuracy values in all classes. However, the overall prediction and classification of the decision tree model were observed to be good and satisfactorily high. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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