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Multi-feature Fusion Deep Network for Skin Disease Diagnosis

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第1期84卷 419-444页

作者： Gairola, Ajay Krishan Kumar, Vidit Sahoo, Ashok Kumar Diwakar, Manoj Singh, Prabhishek Garg, Deepak Department of Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era deemed to be university Dehradun India School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence SR University Warangal Telangana Warangal506371 India

The skin acts as an important barrier between the body and the external environment, playing a vital role as an organ. The application of deep learning in the medical field to solve various health problems has generated increasing interest. The objective of this research is to create a new model using a deep network with multi-feature fusion that enables accurate identification of various skin diseases. This paper proposes a fully fused network (FFN), which includes an improved single block (ISB) and an improved fusion block (IFB) to achieve optimal performance. To implement this, a convolutional neural network-based model for multi-class recognition of skin images has been developed, in which ISB is used to segment diseases in skin images. The IFB module is designed to enhance the effectiveness of the fused network. The model is built and evaluated using our proprietary dataset (Skin_disease_v1) along with publicly available datasets, namely ISIC2016, ISIC2017, and HAM10000. The highest accuracy achieved in experiments was 86% for ISB, 90% for IFB, and 92% for FFN using HAM10000 (for ResNet101V2), HAM10000 (for Resnet50 + ResNet101V2), and HAM10000 (for Resnet50 + ResNet101V2). This shows an accuracy improvement of 9.2%, 13.2%, and 15.2% compared to the state-of-the-art ISB, IFB, and FFN approaches, respectively. Our network outperforms existing networks in terms of performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep learning

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Bidirectional Legendre memory unit: bidirectional memory for person authentication combining voice and online signature

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第3期37卷 1541-1563页

作者： Kumar, Rohitesh Ghosh, Rajib Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Ashok Rajpath Patna800005 India

With the increasing popularity of smart portable electronic gadgets, voice-based online person verification systems have become prevalent. However, these systems are susceptible to attacks where illegitimate individuals exploit the recorded voices of legitimate users, leading to false confirmations—spoofing attacks. To overcome this limitation, this article presents an innovative solution by combining speech and online handwritten signatures to mitigate the risks associated with spoofing attacks in voice-based authentication systems because a person has to be present in front of the system to produce an online handwritten signature. To accomplish this objective, this work proposes a novel bidirectional Legendre memory unit (BLMU), a type of recurrent neural network (RNN), for person authentication (verification) and recognition. The Legendre memory unit (LMU) is an innovative memory cell for RNNs that efficiently retains temporal/non-temporal sequential information over a long period with minimal resources. It achieves information orthogonalization by solving coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and leveraging Legendre polynomials, ensuring effective data representation. The proposed framework for person authentication and recognition comprises seven convolution layers, four BLMU layers, two dense layers, and one output layer. The performance of the proposed BLMU-based deep learning framework has been evaluated on a self-generated/private dataset of combined feature matrix of voice signals and online handwritten signatures in the Devanagari script. To assess performance, experiments have also been conducted using various RNN architectures, such as LSTM, BLSTM, and ordinary differential equation recurrent neural network (ODE-RNN), to have a performance comparison with the proposed BLMU-based deep learning (DL) framework. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed BLMU-based DL framework in enhancing the accuracy of person verification systems,

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Tight Exponential Strong Converse for Source Coding Problem with Encoded Side Information

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2025年第3期71卷 1533-1545页

作者： Takeuchi, Daisuke Watanabe, Shun Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Koganei184-8588 Japan

The source coding problem with encoded side information is considered. A lower bound on the strong converse exponent has been derived by Oohama, but its tightness has not been clarified. In this paper, we derive a tight strong converse exponent. For the special case where the side-information does not exist, we demonstrate that our tight exponent of the Wyner-Ahlswede-Körner (WAK) problem reduces to the known tight expression of that special case while Oohama's lower bound is strictly loose. The converse part is proved by a judicious use of the change-of-measure argument, which was introduced by Gu and Effros and further developed by Tyagi and Watanabe. A key component of the methodology by Tyagi and Watanabe is the use of soft Markov constraint, which was originally introduced by Oohama, as a penalty term to prove the Markov constraint at the end. A technical innovation of this paper compared to Tyagi and Watanabe is recognizing that the soft Markov constraint is a part of the exponent, rather than a penalty term that should vanish at the end;this recognition enables us to derive the matching achievability bound. In fact, via numerical experiment, we provide evidence that the soft Markov constraint is strictly positive. Compared to Oohama's derivation of the lower bound, which relies on the single-letterization of a certain moment-generating function, the derivation of our tight exponent only involves manipulations of the Kullback-Leibrer divergence and Shannon entropies. The achievability part is derived by a careful analysis of the type argument;however, unlike the conventional analysis for the achievable rate region, we need to derive the soft Markov constraint in the analysis of the correct probability. Furthermore, we present an application of our derivation of the strong converse exponent to the privacy amplification. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Markov processes

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HDEL: a hierarchical deep ensemble approach for text-based emotion detection

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第4期84卷 1799-1820页

作者： Vora, Shivani Mehta, Rupa G. Information Technology Department C.K.Pithawala College of Engineering and Technology Gujarat Surat India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SVNIT Gujarat Surat India

Emotion detection from social media data plays a crucial role in studying societal emotions concerning different events, aiding in predicting the reactions of specific social groups. However, it is complex to automatically extract implicit emotional information from noisy social media text data. This study introduces the Hierarchical Deep Ensemble Learning (HDEL) system to identify emotions in text data. The proposed HDEL model utilizes BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory), CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), BiGRU (Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit), and RCNN (Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network) in the first level of its hierarchy. The predicted probabilities of the four models are embedded with input data to prepare the intermediate hybrid data. This hybrid data is fed to the next layer of the proposed system, which utilizes a Random Forest (RF) algorithm to predict the emotion. The proposed approach is tested using three emotion datasets: the WASSA-2017 Emotion Intensity (EmoInt) dataset, the International Survey on Emotion Antecedents and Reactions (ISEAR) dataset, and the CrowdFlower (CF) dataset. EmoInt and ISEAR are clean and balanced, while CF is noisy and imbalanced. The results are compared with various state-of- the-art Machine Learning models. The outperforming results depict the superiority of the proposed approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Learning systems

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Utilization of Two Cross Two Switch for Bitonic Sorting Circuit

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Micro and Nanosystems 2025年第1期17卷 45-57页

作者： Bhattacharjee, Subhasree Sarkar, Soumyadip Das, Kunal Sadhu, Arindam Sarkar, Bikramjit Department of Computer Application Narula Institute of Technology Kolkata India Department of Computer Science Acharya Prafulla Chandra College Kolkata India Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Greater Kolkata College of Engineering and Management West Bengal India Department of Computer Science & Engineering JIS College of Engineering West Bengal India

Background: The synthesis of reversible logic has gained prominence as a crucial research area, particularly in the context of post-CMOS computing devices, notably quantum computing. Objective: To implement the bitonic sorting circuit, 2x2 switch, is used. The overarching objective of implementing a reversible sorting circuit is to mitigate power consumption while promising secure communication. The successful implementation of the bitonic sorting circuit utilizing the proposed 2x2 switch is validated through simulations conducted in IBM Qiskit. Methods: This study begins by employing the control swap gate to implement a 2x2 switch, aimed at enabling concurrent computing operations within multiprocessor systems to enhance throughput. Subsequently, following the successful implementation of the 2x2 switch, the study proceeds to design a bitonic sorting circuit. Results: Bitonic sort using a 2x2 switch on the IBM Quantum Experience (IBMQ) platform via the QISKit SDK in Python 3.6. Specifically, Qiskit v0.29.0 is utilized, with OpenQASM. OpenQASM serves as the quantum assembly and instruction language. Conclusion: This work presents a methodology for constructing a 2x2 switch, utilizing a reversible control swap gate as its core component. Additionally, it demonstrates the intricate development and implementation of a bitonic sorting circuit, capitalizing on this innovative switch architecture. © 2025 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Enhancing User Experience in AI-Powered Human-computer Communication with Vocal Emotions Identification Using a Novel Deep Learning Method

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2909-2929页

作者： Ahmed Alhussen Arshiya Sajid Ansari Mohammad Sajid Mohammadi Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Engineering and Information TechnologyOnaizah CollegesQassim51911Saudi Arabia

Voice, motion, and mimicry are naturalistic control modalities that have replaced text or display-driven control in human-computer communication (HCC). Specifically, the vocals contain a lot of knowledge, revealing details about the speaker’s goals and desires, as well as their internal condition. Certain vocal characteristics reveal the speaker’s mood, intention, and motivation, while word study assists the speaker’s demand to be understood. Voice emotion recognition has become an essential component of modern HCC networks. Integrating findings from the various disciplines involved in identifying vocal emotions is also challenging. Many sound analysis techniques were developed in the past. Learning about the development of artificial intelligence (AI), and especially Deep Learning (DL) technology, research incorporating real data is becoming increasingly common these days. Thus, this research presents a novel selfish herd optimization-tuned long/short-term memory (SHO-LSTM) strategy to identify vocal emotions in human communication. The RAVDESS public dataset is used to train the suggested SHO-LSTM technique. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and wiener filter (WF) techniques are used, respectively, to remove noise and extract features from the data. LSTM and SHO are applied to the extracted data to optimize the LSTM network’s parameters for effective emotion recognition. Python Software was used to execute our proposed framework. In the finding assessment phase, Numerous metrics are used to evaluate the proposed model’s detection capability, Such as F1-score (95%), precision (95%), recall (96%), and accuracy (97%). The suggested approach is tested on a Python platform, and the SHO-LSTM’s outcomes are contrasted with those of other previously conducted research. Based on comparative assessments, our suggested approach outperforms the current approaches in vocal emotion recognition.

关键词： Human-computer communication(HCC) vocal emotions live vocal artificial intelligence(AI) deep learning(DL) selfish herd optimization-tuned long/short K term memory(SHO-LSTM)

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Quadratic and Lagrange interpolation-based butterfly optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and engineering design problem

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Soft Computing 2025年第1期29卷 157-194页

作者： Sharma, Sushmita Saha, Apu Kumar Chakraborty, Sanjoy Deb, Suman Sahoo, Saroj Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Tripura Agartala India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Tripura Agartala India Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology Agartala Tripura Agartala India Department of Information Technology Bir Bikram Memorial College Tripura Agartala India

This work proposes a novel and improved Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA), known as LQBOA, to solve BOA’s inherent limitations. The LQBOA uses Lagrange interpolation and simple quadratic interpolation techniques with adapted parameter settings to enhance the search strategy of BOA and to achieve a better balance of diversification and intensification. LQBOA’s performance was examined on 45 traditional benchmark issues as well as the IEEE CEC 2017 benchmark suites with 10, 30 and 50 dimensions, and the results were compared against popular state-of-the-art and modified algorithms. It was discovered that in more than 85% of cases, the proposed LQBOA outperformed the compared algorithms. The Friedman rank test and Wilcoxon rank test were used to validate the suggested LQBOA’s rank and significance. Additionally, convergence and diversity analyses were performed to investigate its convergence speed and searching behavior, respectively. Furthermore, LQBOA has been successfully deployed to solve twelve real-world issues including several engineering design problems and two multiple gravity assist spacecraft trajectory problems. The results of these problems were compared to those of a wide range of algorithms, demonstrating the superior performance of the proposed LQBOA. In conclusion, LQBOA makes a significant addition to the optimization area, and its application could greatly improve the performance of numerous optimization jobs. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Lagrange multipliers

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Self-Dual Cyclic Codes With Square-Root-Like Lower Bounds on Their Minimum Distances

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2025年第4期71卷 2389-2396页

作者： Chen, Hao Ding, Cunsheng Jinan University College of Information Science and Technology Guangdong Guangzhou510632 China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong

Binary self-dual cyclic codes have been studied since the classical work of Sloane and Thompson published in IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 29, 1983. Twenty five years later, an infinite family of binary self-dual cyclic codes with lengths n_{i} and minimum distances di (Formula presented) was presented in a paper of IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 55, 2009. However, no infinite family of Euclidean self-dual binary cyclic codes whose minimum distances have the square-root lower bound and no infinite family of Euclidean self-dual nonbinary cyclic codes whose minimum distances have a lower bound better than the square-root lower bound are known in the literature. In this paper, an infinite family of Euclidean self-dual cyclic codes over the fields F2s with a square-root-like lower bound is constructed. An infinite subfamily of this family consists of self-dual binary cyclic codes with the square-root lower bound. Another infinite subfamily of this family consists of self-dual cyclic codes over the fields F2s with a lower bound better than the square-root bound for s ≥ 2 . Consequently, two breakthroughs in coding theory are made in this paper. An infinite family of self-dual binary cyclic codes with a square-root-like lower bound is also presented in this paper. An infinite family of Hermitian self-dual cyclic codes over the fields F22s with a square-root-like lower bound and an infinite family of Euclidean self-dual linear codes over Fq with q ≡ 1 (mod 4} with a square-root-like lower bound are also constructed in this paper. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Binary codes

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NC-Load: On-Demand Program Loading and Running for Computing Sharing Among IoT Devices

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12242-12256页

作者： Dong, Yanhao Duan, Sijing Lyu, Feng Zhao, Peng Zhang, Yongmin Ren, Ju Zhang, Yaoxue Central South University School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan Changsha410083 China Tsinghua University Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing100084 China

The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased rapidly in recent years, but lack effective methods to integrate their computational power. In this article, we propose NC-Load, which couples IoT devices into a multiprocessor system, allowing process scheduling across different devices to share their computing power and improve overall throughput. Specifically, NC-Load consists of three key designs, i.e., remote page fault (RPF), lightweight program cropping, and identical memory layout migration, contributing to three merits compared to existing systems: 1) high storage efficiency: the target device launches the program with a locally stored lightweight icon and leverages RPFs to retrieve the required code/data from the source device;2) on-demand memory loading: only the required memory portions are transmitted when scheduling programs across different devices, which ensures quick recovery of the program;and 3) consistent memory layout: to ensure consistency of addresses after program offloading, the virtual memory area layout of the source device is migrated to the target device. We implement NC-Load on Linux 6.1 and conduct performance evaluation using unmodified programs and the N-Queens cases. The results demonstrate that NC-Load can achieve superior performance in terms of storage efficiency, program performance, memory usage, and throughput. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Multiprocessing systems

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An AI-Enabled Framework for Transparency and Interpretability in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 5057-5078页

作者： Isha Kiran Shahzad Ali Sajawal ur Rehman Khan Musaed Alhussein Sheraz Aslam Khursheed Aurangzeb Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore39161Pakistan Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie Alma Mater Studiorum—Universita di BolognaBologna40126Italy Department of Information Sciences University of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityKarachi CampusKarachi74900Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineeringand InformaticsCyprus University of TechnologyLimassol3036Cyprus Department of Computer Science CTL EurocollegeLimassol3077Cyprus

Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a leading global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and the complexity of early diagnosis,driven by risk factors such as hypertension,high cholesterol,and irregular pulse *** diagnostic methods often struggle with the nuanced interplay of these risk factors,making early detection *** this research,we propose a novel artificial intelligence-enabled(AI-enabled)framework for CVD risk prediction that integrates machine learning(ML)with eXplainable AI(XAI)to provide both high-accuracy predictions and transparent,interpretable *** to existing studies that typically focus on either optimizing ML performance or using XAI separately for local or global explanations,our approach uniquely combines both local and global interpretability using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations(LIME)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).This dual integration enhances the interpretability of the model and facilitates clinicians to comprehensively understand not just what the model predicts but also why those predictions are made by identifying the contribution of different risk factors,which is crucial for transparent and informed decision-making in *** framework uses ML techniques such as K-nearest neighbors(KNN),gradient boosting,random forest,and decision tree,trained on a cardiovascular ***,the integration of LIME and SHAP provides patient-specific insights alongside global trends,ensuring that clinicians receive comprehensive and actionable *** experimental results achieve 98%accuracy with the Random Forest model,with precision,recall,and F1-scores of 97%,98%,and 98%,*** innovative combination of SHAP and LIME sets a new benchmark in CVD prediction by integrating advanced ML accuracy with robust interpretability,fills a critical gap in existing *** framework paves the way for more explainable and transparent decision-making in he

关键词： Artificial Intelligence cardiovascular disease(CVD) explainability eXplainable AI(XAI) interpretability LIME machine learning(ML) SHAP

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