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Maximizing Emotion Recognition Accuracy with Ensemble Techniques on EEG Signals

Recent Advances in computer science and Communications 2024年第5期17卷 24-36页

作者： Jha, Sonu Kumar Suvvari, Somaraju Kumar, Mukesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Patna800005 India

Background: Emotion is a strong feeling such as love, anger, fear, etc. Emotion can be recognized in two ways, i.e., External expression and Biomedical data-based. Nowadays, various research is occurring on emotion classification with biomedical data. Aim: One of the most current studies in the medical sector, gaming-based applications, education sector, and many other domains is EEG-based emotion identification. The existing research on emotion recognition was published using models like KNN, RF Ensemble, SVM, CNN, and LSTM on biomedical EEG data. In general, only a few works have been published on ensemble or concatenation models for emotion recognition on EEG data and achieved better results than individual ones or a few machine learning approaches. Various papers have observed that CNN works better than other approaches for extracting features from the dataset, and LSTM works better on the sequence data. Methods: Our research is based on emotion recognition using EEG data, a mixed-model deep learning methodology, and its comparison with a machine learning mixed-model methodology. In this study, we introduced a mixed model using CNN and LSTM that classifies emotions in valence and arousal on the DEAP dataset with 14 channels across 32 people. Result and Discussion: We then compared it to SVM, KNN, and RF Ensemble, and concatenated these models with it. First preprocessed the raw data, then checked emotion classification using SVM, KNN, RF Ensemble, CNN, and LSTM individually. After that with the mixed model of CNN-LSTM, and SVM-KNN-RF Ensemble results are compared. Proposed model results have better accuracy as 80.70% in valence than individual ones with CNN, LSTM, SVM, KNN, RF Ensemble and concatenated models of SVM, KNN and RF Ensemble. Conclusion: Overall, this paper concludes a powerful technique for processing a range of EEG data is the combination of CNNs and LSTMs. Ensemble approach results show better performance in the case of valence at 80.70% and 78.24

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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Fitness Sharing Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (FSCPSO): A Metaheuristic Approach for Allocating Dynamic Virtual Machine (VM) in Fog Computing Architecture

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2557-2578页

作者： Prasanna Kumar Kannughatta Ranganna Siddesh Gaddadevara Matt Chin-Ling Chen Ananda Babu Jayachandra Yong-Yuan Deng Department of Computer Science&Engineering Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyBangalore560054India Department of Artificial Intelligence&Data Science Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyBangalore560054India School of Information Engineering Changchun Sci-Tech UniversityChangchun130600China Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chaoyang University of TechnologyTaichung41349Taiwan Department of Information Science and Engineering Malnad College of EngineeringHassan573202India

In recent decades,fog computing has played a vital role in executing parallel computational tasks,specifically,scientific workflow *** cloud data centers,fog computing takes more time to run workflow ***,it is essential to develop effective models for Virtual Machine(VM)allocation and task scheduling in fog computing *** task scheduling,VM migration,and allocation,altogether optimize the use of computational resources across different fog *** process ensures that the tasks are executed with minimal energy consumption,which reduces the chances of resource *** this manuscript,the proposed framework comprises two phases:(i)effective task scheduling using a fractional selectivity approach and(ii)VM allocation by proposing an algorithm by the name of Fitness Sharing Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization(FSCPSO).The proposed FSCPSO algorithm integrates the concepts of chaos theory and fitness sharing that effectively balance both global exploration and local *** balance enables the use of a wide range of solutions that leads to minimal total cost and makespan,in comparison to other traditional optimization *** FSCPSO algorithm’s performance is analyzed using six evaluation measures namely,Load Balancing Level(LBL),Average Resource Utilization(ARU),total cost,makespan,energy consumption,and response *** relation to the conventional optimization algorithms,the FSCPSO algorithm achieves a higher LBL of 39.12%,ARU of 58.15%,a minimal total cost of 1175,and a makespan of 85.87 ms,particularly when evaluated for 50 tasks.

关键词： Fog computing fractional selectivity approach particle swarm optimization algorithm task scheduling virtual machine allocation

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A Dual-Stage Semi-Supervised Pre-Training Approach for Medical Image Segmentation

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第2期5卷 556-565页

作者： Aralikatti, Rajath C Pawan, S.J. Rajan, Jeny National Institute of Technology Karnataka Department of Computer Science and Engineering Surathkal575025 India

Deep neural networks have played a vital role in developing automated methods for addressing medical image segmentation. However, their reliance on labeled data impedes the practicability. Semi-Supervised learning is gaining attention for its intrinsic ability to extract valuable information from labeled and unlabeled data with improved performance. Recently, consistency regularization methods have gained interest due to their efficient learning procedures. They are, however, confined to data or network-level perturbations, negating the benefit of having both forms in a single framework. In light of this, we ask an intriguing but unexplored question: Can we have both network-level and data-level perturbation in the semi-supervised framework? To this end, we present a holistic approach that integrates data-level perturbation in the model pre-training stage, followed by implicit network-level perturbation in the fine-tuning stage. Furthermore, we incorporate networks with manifold learning paradigms throughout the training to facilitate the formation of robust data representations by ensuring local and global semantic affinities adhering to the theory of consensus. Notably, this may be the first attempt in the semi-supervised medical image segmentation archetype to use data and network-level perturbation with a model pre-training strategy. We extensively validated the efficacy of the proposed framework on three benchmark datasets, namely the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge, ISIC-2018, and Left Atrial Segmentation Challenge datasets, subjected to severely low-sampled labeled data. Notably, in ACDC (4%), ISIC-2018 (5%), and LA (6%) labeled cases, the proposed method outperforms the second-best method by 2.95%, 1.31%, and 0.71% in the Dice Similarity Metric. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Prioritization and offloading in P4 switch integrated with NFV

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Telecommunication Systems 2024年第3期86卷 571-584页

作者： Neha, Farhin Faiza Lai, Yuan-Cheng Hossain, Md. Shohrab Lin, Ying-Dar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Information Management National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

The architecture of integrating Software Defined Networking (SDN) with Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is excellent because the former virtualizes the control plane, and the latter virtualizes the data plane. As Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) become popular, the architecture integrating SDN with NFV may shift from traditional switches to P4 switches. In this architecture, which integrates P4 switch and NFV (P4 + NFV), network functions can be provided in both P4 switches (PNF) and NFV (VNF). Thus, to minimize packet delay, an offloading problem between P4 switches and NFV in this P4 + NFV should be addressed. This paper tackles this offloading problem and figures out the prioritization mechanism between newly arriving packets and packets that require VNF for minimizing packet delay. We model and analyze the P4 + NFV architecture using an M/M/1 queuing model with non-preemptive priority. Also, we propose an optimization solution based on gradient descent to find the optimal offloading probability of going to VNF. Results show that optimal offloading from P4 switch to NFV can reduce the average packet delay from 13.74 to 40.73%, when packets requiring VNF are given higher priority than newly arriving packets. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Software defined networking

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Deep CNNs for glioma grading on conventional MRIs: Performance analysis, challenges, and future directions

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Mathematical Biosciences and engineering 2024年第4期21卷 5250-5282页

作者： Saluja, Sonam Trivedi, Munesh Chandra Saha, Ashim Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala Tripura 799046 India

The increasing global incidence of glioma tumors has raised significant healthcare concerns due to their high mortality rates. Traditionally, tumor diagnosis relies on visual analysis of medical imaging and invasive biopsies for precise grading. As an alternative, computer-assisted methods, particularly deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), have gained traction. This research paper explores the recent advancements in DCNNs for glioma grading using brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from 2015 to 2023. The study evaluated various DCNN architectures and their performance, revealing remarkable results with models such as hybrid and ensemble based DCNNs achieving accuracy levels of up to 98.91%. However, challenges persisted in the form of limited datasets, lack of external validation, and variations in grading formulations across diverse literature sources. Addressing these challenges through expanding datasets, conducting external validation, and standardizing grading formulations can enhance the performance and reliability of DCNNs in glioma grading, thereby advancing brain tumor classification and extending its applications to other neurological disorders. © 2024 the Author(s).

关键词： Magnetic resonance

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Designing New Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Molecules Using Novel Hybridized Gravitational Search Algorithm and Explainable AI

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第5期5卷 2127-2138页

作者： Singh, Vishakha Sharma, Ritesh Singh, Sanjay Kumar Indian Institute of Technology BHU Department of Computer Science and Engineering Varanasi221005 India

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in computational biology, where it is being used to analyze large datasets to detect difficult biological patterns. This has enabled the design of new drug molecules. In this article, a novel method called hybridized gravitational search algorithm (HyGSA) has been proposed to design novel blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides (B3P2s) with desirable characteristics that enable them to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver neurological drugs directly to the brain. The HyGSA has two important modules in the form of an explainable machine learning classifier (with an accuracy, f1-score, and area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 84%, 84%, and 91%, respectively) and an explainable deep learning-based B3P2 classifier (with an accuracy, f1-score, and AUROC of 89%, 91%, and 95%, respectively). The former was used to determine the crucial hand-engineered features, and the latter was designed to determine the critical amino acids that play an important role in the BBB penetrability of a peptide. Moreover, the population of particles was sampled at the beginning of each iteration to ensure a good mix of particles with low, average, and high fitness. This was achieved using a novel method that takes inspiration from the subset-sum problem and uses the mean and variance of the distribution of particles. For the pilot study, some B3P2s were discovered and optimized from a set of cell-penetrating peptides. Lastly, a free online tool has been deployed at https://*** to help the scientific community discover and optimize B3P2s in protein sequences. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Peptides

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Deep Learning-Based Dual Watermarking for Image Copyright Protection and Authentication

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第12期5卷 6134-6145页

作者： Padhi, Sudev Kumar Tiwari, Archana Ali, Sk. Subidh Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Durg491002 India

Advancements in digital technologies make it easy to modify the content of digital images. Hence, ensuring digital images' integrity and authenticity is necessary to protect them against various attacks that manipulate them. We present a deep learning (DL) based dual invisible watermarking technique for performing source authentication, content authentication, and protecting digital content copyright of images sent over the internet. Beyond securing images, the proposed technique demonstrates robustness to content-preserving image manipulation attacks. It is also impossible to imitate or overwrite watermarks because the cryptographic hash of the image and the dominant features of the image in the form of perceptual hash are used as watermarks. We highlighted the need for source authentication to safeguard image integrity and authenticity, along with identifying similar content for copyright protection. After exhaustive testing, our technique obtained a high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM), which implies there is a minute change in the original image after embedding our watermarks. Our trained model achieves high watermark extraction accuracy and satisfies two different objectives of verification and authentication on the same watermarked image. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Watermarking Copyright Protection Authentication Robustness Decoding Deep Learning Artificial Intelligence Accuracy PSNR Feature Extraction Copyright Protection Cryptographic Hash Deep Learning Image Authentication Perceptual Hash Watermarking

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Workout Action Recognition in Video Streams Using an Attention Driven Residual DC-GRU Network

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3067-3087页

作者： Arnab Dey Samit Biswas Dac-Nhuong Le Department of Computer Science and Technology Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpurHowrah711103India Faculty of Information Technology Haiphong UniversityHaiphong180000Vietnam

Regular exercise is a crucial aspect of daily life, as it enables individuals to stay physically active, lowers thelikelihood of developing illnesses, and enhances life expectancy. The recognition of workout actions in videostreams holds significant importance in computer vision research, as it aims to enhance exercise adherence, enableinstant recognition, advance fitness tracking technologies, and optimize fitness routines. However, existing actiondatasets often lack diversity and specificity for workout actions, hindering the development of accurate recognitionmodels. To address this gap, the Workout Action Video dataset (WAVd) has been introduced as a significantcontribution. WAVd comprises a diverse collection of labeled workout action videos, meticulously curated toencompass various exercises performed by numerous individuals in different settings. This research proposes aninnovative framework based on the Attention driven Residual Deep Convolutional-Gated Recurrent Unit (ResDCGRU)network for workout action recognition in video streams. Unlike image-based action recognition, videoscontain spatio-temporal information, making the task more complex and challenging. While substantial progresshas been made in this area, challenges persist in detecting subtle and complex actions, handling occlusions,and managing the computational demands of deep learning approaches. The proposed ResDC-GRU Attentionmodel demonstrated exceptional classification performance with 95.81% accuracy in classifying workout actionvideos and also outperformed various state-of-the-art models. The method also yielded 81.6%, 97.2%, 95.6%, and93.2% accuracy on established benchmark datasets, namely HMDB51, Youtube Actions, UCF50, and UCF101,respectively, showcasing its superiority and robustness in action recognition. The findings suggest practicalimplications in real-world scenarios where precise video action recognition is paramount, addressing the persistingchallenges in the field. TheWAVd datas

关键词： Workout action recognition video stream action recognition residual network GRU attention

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Joint Biomedical Entity and Relation Extraction Based on Multi-Granularity Convolutional Tokens Pairs of Labeling

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4325-4340页

作者： Zhaojie Sun Linlin Xing Longbo Zhang Hongzhen Cai Maozu Guo Department of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255000China Department of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255000China Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing100044China

Extracting valuable information frombiomedical texts is one of the current research hotspots of concern to a wide range of *** biomedical corpus contains numerous complex long sentences and overlapping relational triples,making most generalized domain joint modeling methods difficult to apply effectively in this *** a complex semantic environment in biomedical texts,in this paper,we propose a novel perspective to perform joint entity and relation extraction;existing studies divide the relation triples into several steps or ***,the three elements in the relation triples are interdependent and inseparable,so we regard joint extraction as a tripartite classification *** the same time,fromthe perspective of triple classification,we design amulti-granularity 2D convolution to refine the word pair table and better utilize the dependencies between biomedical word ***,we use a biaffine predictor to assist in predicting the labels of word pairs for relation *** model(MCTPL)Multi-granularity Convolutional Tokens Pairs of Labeling better utilizes the elements of triples and improves the ability to extract overlapping triples compared to previous ***,we evaluated our model on two publicly accessible *** experimental results show that our model’s ability to extract relation triples on the CPI dataset improves the F1 score by 2.34%compared to the current optimal *** the DDI dataset,the F1 value improves the F1 value by 1.68%compared to the current optimal *** model achieved state-of-the-art performance compared to other baseline models in biomedical text entity relation extraction.

关键词： Deep learning biomedical joint extraction triple classification multi-granularity 2D convolution

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Secure SSI framework using the optimized Orkey identity schema

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International Journal of Information technology (Singapore) 2024年第6期16卷 4007-4014页

作者： Pandu N, K. Kumar, A. Sasi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Srinivas University Institute of Engineering and Technology Srinivas University Department of Computer Science amd Engineering Yenepoya Institute of Technology VTU

In the era of digital transformation and increasing concerns regarding data privacy, the concept of Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) has attained substantial recognization. SSI offers individuals greater control over their personal information and reduces reliance on centralized authorities for identity verification. However, existing SSI frameworks face challenges in terms of scalability, privacy, and competence. This paper introduces a noivel Secure SSI Framework based on the Optimized OrKey Identity Schema (OIS) for Inter-organizational business processes (IOBP). The Optimized OrKey Identity Schema optimizes data storage and retrieval, reducing the computational overhead associated with identity verification. The pigeon's communicative and mimicry behavior of pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) as well as the flamingo's foraging and migratory patterns of the Flamingo Search Algorithm (FSA) served as the basis for the proposed Flamieon-inspired optimization method. A Verifiable Data Credential is introduced to combine the elements of verifiable credentials and the Blockchain method to improve the security and trustworthiness of sharing data and verification in a decentralized manner. The proposed OIS methods achieve a value of 4.00% for Anonymization, 9989.57 for Gas ratio, 7445.70 KB for Memory usage, 17.32% for Network hash rate, 5.07 ms for Transaction latency, and 41,234.82 ms for Transaction Time. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： BC technology Flamieon-inspired optimization OrKey identity schema Self-sovereign identity Verifiable data credential

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