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An Improved Graph Partitioning Algorithm Based Approach for Workflow Offloading in a Fog Environment

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年第2期106卷 623-634页

作者： Mahajan, Neetu Narang Kaur, Parmeet Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida India

The paper addresses the critical problem of application workflow offloading in a fog environment. Resource constrained mobile and Internet of Things devices may not possess specialized hardware to run complex workflows locally and hence, need to offload these tasks to fog nodes. As compared to cloud-based servers, fog nodes can provide responses in a more-timely manner and are preferred for latency-sensitive applications. Workflow applications are characterized by inter-task dependencies and hence, can be readily represented as directed acyclic graphs. Therefore, the proposed offloading solution approach utilizes an improved graph partitioning algorithm based on the Louvain community detection algorithm. The aim of the algorithm is to partition the workflow graph in such a manner that the workflow tasks having high communication costs between them are transferred or offloaded to the same fog node. The benefits of the proposed algorithm have been verified by simulation experiments where it was observed that it results in a lower makespan as compared to the related approaches. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Fog

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Cultivating road safety: A comprehensive examination of intelligent ensemble-based road crack detection

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 10747-10780页

作者： Navpreet Roul, Rajendra Kumar Rani, Rinkle Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Punjab Patiala147004 India

Detecting and promptly identifying cracks on road surfaces is of paramount importance for preserving infrastructure integrity and ensuring the safety of road users, including both drivers and pedestrians. Presently, the predominant approach for crack detection relies on labor-intensive and costly manual inspections, exacerbated by the enduring challenge of concrete road cracks susceptible to environmental factors like temperature fluctuations, heavy traffic loads, and prolonged exposure to harsh weather conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive research initiative aimed at advancing road crack detection techniques. The proposed method leverages a classical Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in conjunction with the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for efficient feature extraction and classification. A pivotal breakthrough is achieved by replacing the fully connected layer of the CNN with ELM, thus circumventing the time-consuming backpropagation process and significantly expediting the training process. This integration harnesses ELM’s swift learning capabilities and strong generalization performance, complemented by the CNN’s exceptional feature extraction abilities. The model’s effectiveness is rigorously assessed using the wide recognized CCIC, SDNET2018, and Synthesized datasets, and its proficiency in distinguishing between Crack and No-Crack regions is demonstrated through various performance metrics. Furthermore, the model’s performance is benchmarked against existing deep learning models using these performance metrics, showcasing its superior performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Roads and streets

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Blockchain enabled MediVault for healthcare system

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第15期84卷 14805-14825页

作者： Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Kanpur India

The management of healthcare data has significantly benefited from the use of cloud-assisted MediVault for healthcare systems, which can offer patients efficient and convenient digital storage services for storing their medical records. Nevertheless, there are security risks associated with the current digital healthcare data, as malicious parties may work with cloud storage service providers to alter patient records or to directly disclose health record content to other adversaries for monetary advantage. In this paper, a blockchain-enabled MediVault for healthcare systems is proposed not only to provide safe storage of healthcare data in digital form but also secure access for authenticated entities such as patients, doctors, and pharmacists. In this MediVault, we introduced NFT generation and storage over the cloud using Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and FireBase as per user adaptability, Ehtereum Blockchain for immutability, and encryption and decryption using asymmetric keys for confidentiality. The empirical results and the performance evaluation demonstrate that the proposed MediVault is secure, simple, and efficient with a limited computation overhead. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Blockchain

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Leveraging feature fusion ensemble of VGG16 and ResNet-50 for automated potato leaf abnormality detection in precision agriculture

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 2263-2277页

作者： Trivedi, Amit Kumar Mahajan, Tripti Maheshwari, Tanmay Mehta, Rajesh Tiwari, Shailendra Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala147001 India

In the era of advancement in technology and modern agriculture, early disease detection of potato leaves will improve crop yield. Various researchers have focussed on disease due to different types of microbial infection in potato leaves using computer vision and machine learning approaches. In this paper, a data science approach for multiclass classification of potato normal and abnormal leaves due to fungal infection like early blight and late blight is performed using the ensembling of deep learning (DL) CNN models. Firstly, the performance of classification on potato disease is verified separately on VGG16 and ResNet-50 CNN models after pre-processing of the leaf dataset. The pre-processing includes noise removal and normalization. Further improvement in classification accuracy is achieved by the ensembling of VGG16 and ResNet-50 CNN models. The ensembling of CNN models is performed on the feature level by fusing features extracted using VGG16 and ResNet-50. From the experimental results, performed on publicly available datasets consisting of 2152 number of normal and abnormal images it is observed that the average classification accuracy of 98.22%, 96.16% and 95.68% is achieved using the proposed ensemble, VGG16 and ResNet-50 models respectively. The efficacy of the proposed approach (ensemble technique at feature level fusion) is verified in comparison with recently reported DL model-based approaches. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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A Secret Sharing-Inspired Robust Distributed Backdoor Attack to Federated Learning

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ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security 2025年第2期28卷 1-19页

作者： Yang, Yuxin Li, Qiang Ji, Yuede Wang, Binghui College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun China Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington United States Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States

Federated Learning (FL) is vulnerable to backdoor attacks - especially distributed backdoor attacks (DBA) that are more persistent and stealthy than centralized backdoor attacks. However, we observe that the attack effectiveness of DBA can be largely reduced when encountering rebels, i.e., the agents promising to perform the attack but do not do so. To robustify DBAs, we present SSRDBA, a secret sharing-inspired robust DBA to FL. To be specific, given a same global trigger as DBA, SSRDBA carefully divides it into different shares based on secret sharing and exploits these shares to poison local data on malicious devices, respectively. SSRDBA enjoys several merits, e.g., only partial malicious agents guarantee the reconstruction of the global trigger. Extensive experimental results show that SSRDBA is more robust to rebels than DBA and can evade the state-of-the-art FL defenses mainly for centralized backdoor attacks. To mitigate SSRDBA, we further design a novel defense mechanism, termed NFDR, which shows great potential against SSRDBAon certain independent identically distributed datasets. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Federated learning

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Finding Friendly Neighborhood: Optimal D2D Relaying in mmWave IoT Networks

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89193-89207页

作者： Mahendran, V. Badarla, Venkataramana Krishna, Vamshi Vijay Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tirupati517619 India

Device-to-Device (D2D) relaying helps improve the coverage range and throughput of the millimeter Wave (mmWave) networks. This work focuses on improving the uplink throughput in a single-cell mmWave-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) network. The key factors involve the placement of relays and neighbor selection (NS)(, i.e., the process of selecting source IoTs within the relay node's coverage range). The problem is formulated using model-based bandits, and the associated structural results are analyzed. Considering the resource-constrained nature of IoTs, we have developed a simple rule-based NS as an alternative to computationally intensive learning-based neighbor-selection processes from state of the art. By utilizing the rule-based NS, we show that there exists a conducive coverage range (called a friendly neighborhood) for the relay node to choose the neighbors. Accordingly, a geometry-based relay placement mechanism is proposed to maximize the uplink throughput. The optimality of the proposed solutions is shown analytically, and their performance concerning the state of the art is evaluated using extensive simulation. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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Deep Learning-Based Cloud Security: Innovative Attack Detection and Privacy Focused Key Management

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IEEE Transactions on computers 2025年第6期74卷 1978-1989页

作者： Ahmad, Shahnawaz Arif, Mohd Mehfuz, Shabana Ahmad, Javed Nazim, Mohd Bennett University School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Greater Noida201310 India Galgotias University School of Computer Science & Engineering Greater Noida203201 India Jamia Millia Islamia Department of Electrical Engineering New Delhi110025 India Sharda University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sharda School of Engineering and Technology Greater Noida201310 India Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Computer Science and IT Greater Noida201306 India

Cloud Computing (CC) is widely adopted in sectors like education, healthcare, and banking due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness. However, its internet-based nature exposes it to cyber threats, necessitating advanced security frameworks. Traditional models suffer from high false positives and limited adaptability. To address these challenges, VECGLSTM, an attack detection model integrating Variable Long Short-Term Memory (VLSTM), capsule networks, and the Enhanced Gannet Optimization Algorithm (EGOA), is introduced. This hybrid approach enhances accuracy, reduces false positives, and dynamically adapts to evolving threats. EGOA is employed for its superior optimization capability, ensuring faster convergence and resilience. Additionally, Chaotic Cryptographic Pelican Tunicate Swarm Optimization (CCPTSO) is proposed for privacy-preserving key management. This model combines chaotic cryptographic techniques with the Pelican Tunicate Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PTSOA), leveraging the pelican algorithm’s exploration strength and the tunicate swarm’s exploitation ability for optimal encryption security. Performance evaluation demonstrates 99.675% accuracy, 99.5175% recall, 99.7075% precision, and 99.615% F1-score, along with reduced training (1.79s), encryption (0.986s), and decryption (1.029s) times. This research significantly enhances CC security by providing a scalable, adaptive framework that effectively counters evolving cyber threats while ensuring efficient key management. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud security

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Impact of machine learning-based imputation techniques on medical datasets- a comparative analysis

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 5905-5925页

作者： Tiwaskar, Shweta Rashid, Mamoon Gokhale, Prasad Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Vishwakarma University Pune India

In the realm of medical datasets, particularly when considering diabetes, the occurrence of data incompleteness is a prevalent issue. Unveiling valuable patterns through medical data analysis is crucial for early and precise medical predictions. However, the quality of data and the proper handling of missing data hold significant significance. To address this challenge, imputation stands as a robust approach. The main goal of this paper aims to provide a comprehensive investigation into the effects brought about by Machine Learning (ML) based imputation techniques, specifically K Nearest Neighbor Imputation (KNNI), Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE), and MissForest. Results of all three techniques are compared with the complete dataset for five missing rates (10% to 50%), and evaluated using four categories of evaluation criteria i.e. (1) model performance, (2) imputation error rate (Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R^2) values), (3) Pearson correlation analysis and, (4) model selection basis (Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Akaike information criterion (AIC), values). Model performance includes accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (Mcoff) score of four ML classifiers viz. (a) Random Forest (RF), (b) Support vector machine (SVM), (c) AdaBoost, (d) XGBoost (XGB). For all missing rate cases, the MissForest technique is better than the KNNI and MICE in accuracy and Mcoff in 80% of cases, precision in 40% of cases, recall in 60% of cases, F1 score, MAE, RMSE, R^2 in 100% of cases, AIC in 80% of cases, and BIC values in 100% of cases. Also, the correlation analysis confirms that the MissForest imputation preserves association between the variables, like the complete dataset. Overall, our findings suggest that MissForest is a better machine learning-based imputation technique for handling missing data in diabetes research. © The Author(s), under exclusive lice

关键词： Adaptive boosting

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Hybrid optimization assisted deep ensemble classification framework for skin cancer detection

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第1期84卷 63-94页

作者： Pukhta, Irfan Rashid Rout, Ranjeet Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Srinagar190006 India

In 2018, there were 1 million occurrences of non-melanoma cancer and 288,000 occurrences of malignant skin cancer (MM) recorded worldwide. Given the aging of the population and limited resources for medical care, a complete strategy to prevent skin cancer must include both practical detection and accurate diagnosis. Dermatologists and family physicians may find it challenging to identify skin cancer, particularly MM, at an early phase. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a paradigm for skin cancer detection, where pre-processing is the initial step for which median filter (MF) is employed. The pre-processed image undergoes segmentation, which is done by an Improved DBSCAN approach. Once the segmentation is over, features like "GLCM, Local Binary pattern (LBP), Local Vector Pattern (LVP), and Improved Center Symmetric Local Ternary Pattern (CSLTP)" are extracted. This is the final phase, where an ensemble classifier (EC) that combines the models like "Convolutional Neural network (CNN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU)" is deployed. Further, weights of CNN, Bi-GRU, and LSTM are tuned by Hawks Updated Blue Monkey Algorithm with Gaussian Map Randomness (HUBM-GMR) based hybrid optimization. The study will ultimately validate the HUBM-GMR model. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Relay Type Link Fabrication Attack in SDN: A Review

IEEE Networking Letters

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IEEE Networking Letters 2025年第1期7卷 51-55页

作者： Metaferia, Getahun Lemma, Frezewd Adama Science and Technology University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Adama1881 Ethiopia

Software-defined Networking (SDN) is an innovative network architecture tailored to address the modern demands of network virtualization and cloud computing, which require features such as programmability, flexibility, agility, and openness to foster innovation. However, this architecture also brings forth new security challenges, particularly due to the separation of the data plane from the control plane. Our investigation centers on a specific vulnerability termed link fabrication, which can lead to topology poisoning. A compromised network topology can cause substantial disruptions across the entire network infrastructure. Through a systematic survey, we identified that significant research efforts have been directed towards mitigating link fabrication attacks. We classified the existing studies into six categories of vulnerabilities: Host-based, port amnesia, invisible assailant attack, topology freezing, switch-based link fabrication, and link latency. Furthermore, our survey highlights several open challenges in areas such as Programmable dataplane, dedicated attack trees and threat models, active defense and mitigation strategies, as well as controller awareness and machine learning. To address the vulnerabilities identified, we propose the implementation of a distance-bounding protocol concept at the control plane as a potential solution. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Fabrication Topology Network topology Control systems Relays Threat modeling Switches Routing Software defined networking Security

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