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2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2014

作者： Zhang, Jingyi Utiyama, Masao Sumita, Eiichro Zhao, Hai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Center for Brain-Like Computing and Machine Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong Unviersity Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory Shanghai Education Commission Intelligent Interaction Cognitive Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong Unviersity Shanghai200240 China National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 3-5Hikaridai Keihanna Science City Kyoto619-0289 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284961

We propose a simple and effective approach to learn translation spans for the hierarchical phrase-based translation model. Our model evaluates if a source span should be covered by translation rules during decoding, which is integrated into the translation system as soft constraints. Compared to syntactic constraints, our model is directly acquired from an aligned parallel corpus and does not require parsers. Rich source side contextual features and advanced machine learning methods were utilized for this learning task. The proposed approach was evaluated on NTCIR-9 Chinese-English and Japanese-English translation tasks and showed significant improvement over the baseline system. © 2014 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Syntactics

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Initial results from a critical review of research on technology for older and disabled people

Initial results from a critical review of research on techno...

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15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on computers and Accessibility, ASSETS 2013

作者： Gallagher, Bláithín Petrie, Helen Human Computer Interaction Research Group Department of Computer Science University of York United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781450324052

In light of changing demographics and an ageing population, research on new technologies to support older people and people with disabilities in independent living is vital. This paper will present the results to date of a review, currently being undertaken, of recent research on new and emerging technologies designed for older people and people with disabilities. The review covers research published between 2005 and 2012 in a range of international peer-reviewed journals and conferences, in the areas of technology, human-computer interaction, disability and assistive devices. On the basis of this review of research, we are exploring what problems of older and disabled people are being addressed by researchers and developers;whether the research is motivated by user needs;the methodologies used and outcomes presented. First results will be presented in the poster. © Copyright 2010 ACM.

关键词： Assistive technology

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Web accessibility for older adults: Effects of line spacing and text justification on reading web pages

Web accessibility for older adults: Effects of line spacing ...

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15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on computers and Accessibility, ASSETS 2013

作者： Petrie, Helen Kamollimsakul, Sorachai Power, Christopher Human Computer Interaction Research Group Department of Computer Science University of York United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781450324052

Numerous guidelines for making websites more accessible for older users have been proposed, but few provide evidence from such users for their recommendations This study investigated effects of line spacing and text justification on younger (24 - 31 years) and older (65 - 78 years) adults' performance and preferences in web reading tasks. The three levels of line spacing (single, 1.5, and double) and 2 types of text justification (left only and left-right) were studied. Neither variable had a significant effect on performance measures, although both younger and older adults preferred 1.5 or double spacing over single spacing. There were no significant differences in preferences for left versus left-right justification. These results suggest that contrary to common recommendations, 1.5 or double spacing should be recommended for all users, not only older users and that no recommendation is needed on text justification. Copyright 2013 ACM.

关键词： Websites

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Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

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Scientific data 2017年第1期4卷 170179页

作者： Jason Flannick Christian Fuchsberger Anubha Mahajan Tanya M Teslovich Vineeta Agarwala Kyle J Gaulton Lizz Caulkins Ryan Koesterer Clement Ma Loukas Moutsianas Davis J McCarthy Manuel A Rivas John R B Perry Xueling Sim Thomas W Blackwell Neil R Robertson N William Rayner Pablo Cingolani Adam E Locke Juan Fernandez Tajes Heather M Highland Josee Dupuis Peter S Chines Cecilia M Lindgren Christopher Hartl Anne U Jackson Han Chen Jeroen R Huyghe Martijn van de Bunt Richard D Pearson Ashish Kumar Martina Müller-Nurasyid Niels Grarup Heather M Stringham Eric R Gamazon Jaehoon Lee Yuhui Chen Robert A Scott Jennifer E Below Peng Chen Jinyan Huang Min Jin Go Michael L Stitzel Dorota Pasko Stephen C J Parker Tibor V Varga Todd Green Nicola L Beer Aaron G Day-Williams Teresa Ferreira Tasha Fingerlin Momoko Horikoshi Cheng Hu Iksoo Huh Mohammad Kamran Ikram Bong-Jo Kim Yongkang Kim Young Jin Kim Min-Seok Kwon Juyoung Lee Selyeong Lee Keng-Han Lin Taylor J Maxwell Yoshihiko Nagai Xu Wang Ryan P Welch Joon Yoon Weihua Zhang Nir Barzilai Benjamin F Voight Bok-Ghee Han Christopher P Jenkinson Teemu Kuulasmaa Johanna Kuusisto Alisa Manning Maggie C Y Ng Nicholette D Palmer Beverley Balkau Alena Stančáková Hanna E Abboud Heiner Boeing Vilmantas Giedraitis Dorairaj Prabhakaran Omri Gottesman James Scott Jason Carey Phoenix Kwan George Grant Joshua D Smith Benjamin M Neale Shaun Purcell Adam S Butterworth Joanna M M Howson Heung Man Lee Yingchang Lu Soo-Heon Kwak Wei Zhao John Danesh Vincent K L Lam Kyong Soo Park Danish Saleheen Wing Yee So Claudia H T Tam Uzma Afzal David Aguilar Rector Arya Tin Aung Edmund Chan Carmen Navarro Ching-Yu Cheng Domenico Palli Adolfo Correa Joanne E Curran Dennis Rybin Vidya S Farook Sharon P Fowler Barry I Freedman Michael Griswold Daniel Esten Hale Pamela J Hicks Chiea-Chuen Khor Satish Kumar Benjamin Lehne Dorothée Thuillier Wei Yen Lim Jianjun Liu Marie Loh Solomon K Musani Sobha Puppala William R Scott Loïc Yengo Sian-Tsung Tan Herman A Taylor Farook Thameem Gregory Wilson Tien Yin Wong Pål Rasmu Department of Molecular Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford UK. Genetics of Complex Traits University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Exeter UK. MRC Epidemiology Unit Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London UK. Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Human Genetics Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton Cambridgeshire UK. School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre Montreal Quebec Canada. Human Genetics Center The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA. Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study Framingham Massachusetts USA. Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA. Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland. Institute of Genetic Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München German R

To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (>80% of low-frequency coding variants in ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.

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A hybrid technique of noise reduction with periductal fibrosis ultrasound images for periductal fibrosis detection system of cholangiocarcinoma surveillance

A hybrid technique of noise reduction with periductal fibros...

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5th KKU International Engineering Conference 2014, KKU-IENC 2014

作者： Wayalun, Pichet Saiyod, Saiyan Chamadol, Nittaya Department of Computer Science Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Hardware-Human Interface and Communacation Laboratory Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Department of Radiology Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9783038350903

The Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious public health problem. The Periductal fibrosis (PDF) ultrasound images are applied for CCA surveillance because it is no side effect of radiation with patients, easy to portability and low cost. In contrast, the common problem of ultrasound images are speckle noise in which decreases the PDF detection performance. In this paper proposes a hybrid noise reduction method in the PDF detection system. The proposed noise reduction method by applying the Median filter and Fast Fourier transform based on PDF ultrasound images. The experimental results give the best performance for PDF detection system. A success rate of proposed method achieved at 70.89%. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Median filters

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Allowing Software Developers to Develop Culture-Sensitive Applications by Providing them the OMCS-Br Cultural Knowledgebase 31

Allowing Software Developers to Develop Culture-Sensitive Ap...

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31st Annual CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems:, CHI EA 2013

作者： De Oliveira Bueno, Andre Anacleto, Junia Coutinho Advanced Interaction Laboratory Department of Computer Science Federal University of São Carlos Brazil Advanced Interaction Laboratory Department of Computer Science Federal University of São Carlos Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450318990

In this paper we describe a strategy that aims to allow software developers to use the Open Mind Common Sense in Brazil (OMCS-Br) project’s knowledgebase and collect the end users' commonsense knowledge from applications to feedback such OMCS-Br knowledgebase. Two new modules are being developed and integrated into the API: (i) a filter, that receives the contextualized search query from the application and gives back the resulting cultural knowledge and (ii) a collector, for feeding the knowledgebase with the data generated by the application users. Besides, we will also make possible to all users (including non-developers) to do simple searches on the project’s knowledgebase by providing them a tool to use a web service.

关键词： Web services

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Volume cracker: A bimanual 3D interaction technique for analysis of raw volumetric data 13

Volume cracker: A bimanual 3D interaction technique for anal...

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1st ACM Symposium on Spatial User interaction, SUI 2013

作者： Laha, Bireswar Bowman, Doug A. Department of Computer Science Center for Human Computer Interaction Virginia Tech 2202 Kraft Drive Blacksburg VA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450321419

Analysis of volume datasets often involves peering inside the volume to understand internal structures. Traditional approaches involve removing part of the volume through slicing, but this can result in the loss of context. Focus+context visualization techniques can distort part of the volume, or can assume prior definition of a region of interest or segmentation of layers of the volume. We propose a new bimanual 3D interaction technique, called Volume Cracker (VC), which allows the user to crack open a raw volume like a book to analyze the internal structures. VC preserves context by always displaying all the voxels, and by connecting the sub-volumes with curves joining the cracked faces. We discuss the design choices that we made, based on observations from prior user studies, input from domain scientists, and design studios. We also report the results of a user study comparing VC with a standard desktop interaction technique and a standard 3D bimanual interaction technique. The study used tasks from two categories of a generic volume analysis task taxonomy. We found VC had significant advantages over the other two techniques for search and pattern recognition tasks. Copyright © ACM 2013.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Motif simplification: Improving network visualization readability with fan, connector, and clique glyphs 13

Motif simplification: Improving network visualization readab...

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31st Annual CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems: Changing Perspectives, CHI 2013

作者： Dunne, Cody Shneiderman, Ben Department of Computer Science Human-Computer Interaction Lab. University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450318990

Analyzing networks involves understanding the complex relationships between entities, as well as any attributes they may have. The widely used node-link diagrams excel at this task, but many are difficult to extract meaning from because of the inherent complexity of the relationships and limited screen space. To help address this problem we introduce a technique called motif simplification, in which common patterns of nodes and links are replaced with compact and meaningful glyphs. Well-designed glyphs have several benefits: they (1) require less screen space and layout effort, (2) are easier to understand in the context of the network, (3) can reveal otherwise hidden relationships, and (4) preserve as much underlying information as possible. We tackle three frequently occurring and high-payoff motifs: fans of nodes with a single neighbor, connectors that link a set of anchor nodes, and cliques of completely connected nodes. We contribute design guidelines for motif glyphs;example glyphs for the fan, connector, and clique motifs;algorithms for detecting these motifs;a free and open source reference implementation;and results from a controlled study of 36 participants that demonstrates the effectiveness of motif simplification. Copyright 2013 ACM.

关键词： Visualization

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Optimizing password composition policies 13

Optimizing password composition policies

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14th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, EC 2013

作者： Blocki, Jeremiah Komanduri, Saranga Procaccia, Ariel D. Sheffet, Or Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University United States Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450319621

A password composition policy restricts the space of allowable passwords to eliminate weak passwords that are vulnerable to statistical guessing attacks. Usability studies have demonstrated that existing password composition policies can sometimes result in weaker password distributions;hence a more principled approach is needed. We introduce the first theoretical model for optimizing password composition policies. We study the computational and sample complexity of this problem under different assumptions on the structure of policies and on users' preferences over passwords. Our main positive result is an algorithm that - with high probability - constructs almost optimal policies (which are specified as a union of sub- sets of allowed passwords), and requires only a small number of samples of users' preferred passwords. We complement our theoretical results with simulations using a real-world dataset of 32 million passwords. Copyright © 2013 ACM.

关键词： Authentication

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EOG-based drowsiness detection using convolutional neural networks

EOG-based drowsiness detection using convolutional neural ne...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Xuemin Zhu Wei-Long Zheng Bao-Liang Lu Xiaoping Chen Shanguang Chen Chunhui Wang Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing China

This study provides a new application of convolutional neural networks for drowsiness detection based on electrooculography (EOG) signals. Drowsiness is charged to be one of the major causes of traffic accidents. Such application is helpful to reduce losses of casualty and property. Most attempts at drowsiness detection based on EOG involve a feature extraction step, which is accounted as time-consuming task, and it is difficult to extract effective features. In this paper, an unsupervised learning is proposed to estimate driver fatigue based on EOG. A convolutional neural network with a linear regression layer is applied to EOG signals in order to avoid using of manual features. With a postprocessing step of linear dynamic system (LDS), we are able to capture the physiological status shifting. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by the correlation coefficients between the final outputs and the local error rates of the subjects. Compared with the results of a manual ad-hoc feature extraction approach, our method is proven to be effective for drowsiness detection.

关键词： Feature extraction Electrooculography Convolution Brain modeling Manuals Electroencephalography Error analysis

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