After an historical review of evaluation methods, we describe an emerging research method called Multi-dimensional In-depth Long-term Case studies (MILCs) which seems well adapted to study the creative activities that...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595935622
After an historical review of evaluation methods, we describe an emerging research method called Multi-dimensional In-depth Long-term Case studies (MILCs) which seems well adapted to study the creative activities that users of information visualization systems engage in. We propose that the efficacy of tools can be assessed by documenting 1) usage (observations, interviews, surveys, logging etc.) and 2) expert users' success in achieving their professional goals. We summarize lessons from related ethnography methods used in HCI and provide guidelines for conducting MILCs for information visualization. We suggest ways to refine the methods for MILCs in modest sized projects and then envision ambitious projects with 3-10 researchers working over 1-3 years to understand individual and organizational use of information visualization by domain experts working at the frontiers of knowledge in their fields. Copyright 2006 ACM.
Several artificial intelligent methods, including support vector regression (SVR), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and partial least square (PLS) are used for the multivariate calibration in the determination of th...
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Several artificial intelligent methods, including support vector regression (SVR), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and partial least square (PLS) are used for the multivariate calibration in the determination of the three aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan) in their mixtures by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results of the leave-one-out method show that SVR perform better than other methods, and appear to be good methods for this task. Furthermore, feature selection is performed for SVR to remove redundant features and a novel algorithm named PRIFER (prediction risk based feature selection for support vector regression) is proposed. Results on the above multivariate calibration data set show that PRIFER is a powerful tool for solving the multivariate calibration problems.
Partial least squares (PLS) is one of the widely used dimension reduction methods for analysis of gene expression microarray data, it represents the data in a low dimensional space through linear transformation, the s...
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Partial least squares (PLS) is one of the widely used dimension reduction methods for analysis of gene expression microarray data, it represents the data in a low dimensional space through linear transformation, the size of the reduced space by PLS is critical to generalization performance of classifiers. The previous works always determined the top fixed number of components or the top several components by cross-validation. Here we demonstrate the usage of feature selection for PLS based dimension reduction. As a case study, PLS is combined with two feature selection methods (genetic algorithm and sequential backward floating selection) to get more robust and efficient dimensional space, and then the constructed data from the selected components is used as input for the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. We use the method for tumor classification on gene microarray data, experimental results illustrate that our proposed framework is effective both to reduce classification error rates and get compact dimensional space.
TreePlus is a graph browsing technique based on a tree-style layout. It shows the missing graph structure using interaction techniques and enables users to start with a specific node and incrementally explore the loca...
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This paper describes our recent experimental evaluation of Information-Rich Virtual Environment (IRVE) interfaces. To explore the depth cue/visibility tradeoff between annotation schemes, we design and evaluate two in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595930981
This paper describes our recent experimental evaluation of Information-Rich Virtual Environment (IRVE) interfaces. To explore the depth cue/visibility tradeoff between annotation schemes, we design and evaluate two information layout techniques to support search and comparison tasks. The techniques provide different depth and association cues between objects and their labels: labels were displayed either in the virtual world relative to their referent (Object Space) or on an image plane workspace (Viewport Space). The Software Field of View (SFOV) was controlled to 60 or 100 degrees of vertical angle and two groups were tested: those running on a single monitor and those on a tiled nine-panel display. Users were timed, tracked for correctness, and gave ratings for both difficulty and satisfaction on each task. Significant advantages were found for the Viewport interface, and for high SFOV. The interactions between these variables suggest special design considerations to effectively support search and comparison performance across monitor configurations and projection distortions. Copyright 2005 ACM.
Recent research has shown that developers spend significant amounts of time navigating around code. Much of this time is spent on redundant navigations to code that the developer previously found. This is necessary to...
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Empirical evidence of the benefits of immersion is an important goal for the virtual environment (VE) community. Direct comparison of immersive systems and non-immersive systems is insufficient because differences bet...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595933212
Empirical evidence of the benefits of immersion is an important goal for the virtual environment (VE) community. Direct comparison of immersive systems and non-immersive systems is insufficient because differences between such systems may be due not only to the level of immersion, but also to other factors, such as the input devices and interaction techniques used. In this paper, a study is presented that separates the effects of level of immersion and 3D interaction technique for a six-degree-of-freedom manipulation task. In the study, two components of immersion - stereoscopy and field of regard - were varied and three 3D interaction techniques - HOMER, Go-Go, and DO-IT (a new keyboard- and mouse-based technique) - were tested. The results of the experiment show that the interaction technique had a significant effect on object manipulation time, while the two components of immersion did not. The implications of these results are discussed for VE application developers. Copyright 2006 ACM.
Color is one of the most important low-level features used in image analysis and retrieval. In this paper we introduce an algorithm for extracting compact color feature in the CIELAB color space. Our method is based o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781932415957
Color is one of the most important low-level features used in image analysis and retrieval. In this paper we introduce an algorithm for extracting compact color feature in the CIELAB color space. Our method is based on an ant colony clustering algorithm, which helps us develop a perceptually based image similarity metric. We propose a dominant color and area percentage model, which provides a very compact color feature representation of images. Besides image similarity metric is developed based on dominant colors matching. The algorithm introduced in this paper is well suited for creating small color descriptors and is efficient. It is suitable for image representation, matching and retrieval. It also has some important advantages for content-based image retrieval system, such as great reduction of the feature file sizes needed for storage and indexing.
computer displays can be helpful for making users aware of the remote presence of friends and family. In many of the research projects that have explored the use of novel displays, the real goal is to improve a user&#...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595931783
computer displays can be helpful for making users aware of the remote presence of friends and family. In many of the research projects that have explored the use of novel displays, the real goal is to improve a user's sense of connectedness to those remote loved ones. However, very few have leveraged a user-centered design process or empirically studied the effects of using a display on users' sense of awareness and connectedness. In this paper, we present our multi-phase, user-centered design process for building displays that support awareness and connectedness: Presence Displays, which are physical, peripheral awareness displays of online presence of close friends or family. We present evidence, from a 5-week long field study, that these displays provide significantly better awareness of and connectedness to a loved one, than a traditional graphical display of online presence. Copyright 2006 ACM.
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