HANDS is a new programming system for children that was designed for usability. This paper examines the effectiveness of three features of HANDS: queries, aggregate operations, and data visibility. The system is compa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134541
HANDS is a new programming system for children that was designed for usability. This paper examines the effectiveness of three features of HANDS: queries, aggregate operations, and data visibility. The system is compared with a limited version that lacks these features. In the limited version, programmers can achieve the same results but must use more traditional programming techniques. Children using the full-featured HANDS system performed significantly better than their peers who used the limited version. This provides evidence that usability of programming systems can be improved by including these features.
An analysis of the home pages of all fifty US states reveals great variety in key design features that influence efficacy. Some states had excessively large byte counts that would slow users connected by commonly-used...
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An analysis of the home pages of all fifty US states reveals great variety in key design features that influence efficacy. Some states had excessively large byte counts that would slow users connected by commonly-used 56 K modems. Many web sites had low numbers of or poorly organized links that would make it hard for citizens to find what they were interested in. Features such as search boxes, privacy policies, online help, or contact information need to be added by several states. Our analysis concludes with ten recommendations and finds many further opportunities for individual states to improve their Websites. However still greater benefits will come through collaboration among the states that would lead to consistency, appropriate tagging, and common tools.
Intention superiority effect [J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 19 (1993) 1211;J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 24 (1998) 350] is the finding that the times to retrieve memory items related to uncompleted or partia...
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Relational databases provide significant flexibility to organize, store, and manipulate an infinite variety of complex data collections. This flexibility is enabled by the concept of relational data Schemas, which all...
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Relational databases provide significant flexibility to organize, store, and manipulate an infinite variety of complex data collections. This flexibility is enabled by the concept of relational data Schemas, which allow data owners to easily design custom databases according to their unique needs. However, user interfaces and information visualizations for accessing and utilizing databases have not kept pace with this level of flexibility. Visualizations need to integrate multiple tables and diverse visualization tools into custom solutions. This paper describes advances to Snap-Together Visualization, introduces Visualization Schemas, and presents an extensible system architecture. The Snap model for custom multiple-view visualization establishes an analogy to the relational data model, enabling coordinated data design and visualization design. Visualization Schemas are a natural extension to data Schemas, and provide a user interface that enables data owners to rapidly construct and disseminate custom visualizations without programming. The web-based software architecture supports run-time extensibility, enabling end-user integration and dissemination of diverse data and visualization tools from the field.
The rapid growth of Short Message Service (SMS) text messaging is generating substantial commercial and research interest in fast and efficient text input methods for mobile devices. This paper presents an empirical s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0909925852
The rapid growth of Short Message Service (SMS) text messaging is generating substantial commercial and research interest in fast and efficient text input methods for mobile devices. This paper presents an empirical study that compares three mobile phone text input techniques. The methods are 'multi-press input with timeout', 'multi-press input with a next button', and 'two-key'. The study shows that there is a significant speed difference, in words per minute (wpm), between the methods. The multi-press with next method provided the most rapid text input at 7.2 wpm, followed by multi-press with timeout at 6.4 wpm. The two-key method was the slowest at 5.5 wpm. These results are much slower than those predicted by Fitts' Law models reported in prior research. Subjective results regarding learnability, errors and efficiency showed no significant difference between the methods.
Scenarios of human activity are widely used in many facets of the design of software systems. This methodological development can be understood in terms of design cognition: Scenarios support and enhance the solution-...
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Scenarios of human activity are widely used in many facets of the design of software systems. This methodological development can be understood in terms of design cognition: Scenarios support and enhance the solution-first strategy which is typical of, and perhaps fundamental to, expert problem-solving for "ill-defined" problems like design and planning.
Currently, the two main techniques for achieving personalization on the Internet involve direct manipulation and software agents. While both direct manipulation and software agents are aimed at permitting end-users to...
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Currently, the two main techniques for achieving personalization on the Internet involve direct manipulation and software agents. While both direct manipulation and software agents are aimed at permitting end-users to finish tasks rapidly, efficiently, and easily, their methodologies differ The central controversy involving these personalization techniques derives from the amount of control that each grants to - or withholds from - the end-user. Direct manipulation interfaces afford control and predictability to end-users. Alternatively, the use of software agents captures or records user's personalized preferences by employing artificial intelligence techniques. In this empirical study, two end-user Web personalization tools are evaluated. One of them, WebPersonalizer, is an agent-based end-user personalization tool; the other, AntWorld, is a collaborative recommendation tool which provides direct manipulation interfaces. The purpose of this study is to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each opposed technique-direct manipulation and software agents - as a Web personalization assistant. In addition, we suggest the hybrid paradigm for EUP (end-user programming).
This research aims to investigate a collection of interactions in 2D workspaces with the goal of helping users stay in the flow of their activity. These interactions will be explored in the context of two software too...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134541
This research aims to investigate a collection of interactions in 2D workspaces with the goal of helping users stay in the flow of their activity. These interactions will be explored in the context of two software tools designed to support information work. The first tool, Niagara, addresses the early phases of this work that involve organization and synthesis. CounterPoint, the second tool, targets the later stages of this work that concern the authoring, delivery, and understanding of presentations.
Spinner, a media collection, interaction and sharing device for early learners is studied. It promotes play and exploration using a novel set of interactive techniques and designs based around a non sequential, contex...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134541
Spinner, a media collection, interaction and sharing device for early learners is studied. It promotes play and exploration using a novel set of interactive techniques and designs based around a non sequential, contextual physical interface and a graphical user interface (GUI). It consists of a device, 3 types of input modules and two connector ports for the modules.
The “design collaboratorium” is a new usability practice that has been developed in an action research project between three industrial usability labs and a university. The design collaboratorium has been developed ...
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