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arXiv 2023年

作者： Rajpal, Hardik von Stengel, Clem Mediano, Pedro A.M. Rosas, Fernando E. Viegas, Eduardo Marquet, Pablo A. Jensen, Henrik J. Centre for Complexity Science Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom The Alan Turing Institute London United Kingdom Alignment of Complex Systems Centre for Theoretical Study Charles University Prague Czech Republic Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Informatics University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom Centre for Eudaimonia and human flourishing University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Ecology Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile The Santa Fe Institute 1399 Hyde Park Rd Santa FeNM87501 United States Universidad de Chile International Research Laboratory 2807 CNRS SantiagoCP 8370456 Chile ValparaísoCP 2340000 Chile Department of Computer Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Japan

At what level does selective pressure effectively act? When considering the reproductive dynamics of interacting and mutating agents, it has long been debated whether selection is better understood by focusing on the individual or if hierarchical selection emerges as a consequence of joint adaptation. Despite longstanding efforts in theoretical ecology there is still no consensus on this fundamental issue, most likely due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate data spanning sufficient number of generations and the lack of adequate tools to quantify the effect of hierarchical selection. Here we capitalise on recent advances in information-theoretic data analysis to advance this state of affairs by investigating the emergence of high-order structures — such as groups of species — in the collective dynamics of the Tangled Nature model of evolutionary ecology. Our results show that evolutionary dynamics can lead to clusters of species that act as a selective group, that acquire information-theoretic agency. Overall, our results provide quantitative evidence supporting the relevance of high-order structures in evolutionary ecology. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Dynamics

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One to many: Adaptive instrument segmentation via meta learning and dynamic online adaptation in robotic surgical video

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhao, Zixu Jin, Yueming Lu, Bo Ng, Chi-Fai Dou, Qi Liu, Yun-Hui Heng, Pheng-Ann The Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong The T Stone Robotics Institute The Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China The Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Surgical instrument segmentation in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) - especially that using learning-based models - relies on the assumption that training and testing videos are sampled from the same domain. However, it is impractical and expensive to collect and annotate sufficient data from every new domain. To greatly increase the label efficiency, we explore a new problem, i.e., adaptive instrument segmentation, which is to effectively adapt one source model to new robotic surgical videos from multiple target domains, only given the annotated instruments in the first frame. We propose MDAL, a meta-learning based dynamic online adaptive learning scheme with a two-stage framework to fast adapt the model parameters on the first frame and partial subsequent frames while predicting the results. MDAL learns the general knowledge of instruments and the fast adaptation ability through the video-specific meta-learning paradigm. The added gradient gate excludes the noisy supervision from pseudo masks for dynamic online adaptation on target videos. We demonstrate empirically that MDAL outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on two datasets (including a real-world RAS dataset). The promising performance on ex-vivo scenes also benefits the downstream tasks such as robot-assisted suturing and camera control. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surgical equipment

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Cross-lingual universal dependency parsing only from one monolingual treebank

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Sun, Kailai Li, Zuchao Zhao, Hai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Syntactic parsing is a highly linguistic processing task whose parser requires training on treebanks from the expensive human annotation. As it is unlikely to obtain a treebank for every human language, in this work, we propose an effective cross-lingual UD parsing framework for transferring parser from only one source monolingual treebank to any other target languages without treebank available. To reach satisfactory parsing accuracy among quite different languages, we introduce two language modeling tasks into dependency parsing as multi-tasking. Assuming only unlabeled data from target languages plus the source treebank can be exploited together, we adopt a self-training strategy for further performance improvement in terms of our multi-task framework. Our proposed cross-lingual parsers are implemented for English, Chinese, and 22 UD treebanks. The empirical study shows that our cross-lingual parsers yield promising results for all target languages, for the first time, approaching the parser performance which is trained in its own target treebank. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modeling languages

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The concept of augmented reality application for putting alignment in golf 5

The concept of augmented reality application for putting ali...

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5th International Conference of the Virtual and Augmented Reality in Education, VARE 2019

作者： Ginters, Egils Burkhardt, Dirk Nazemi, Kawa Merkuryev, Yuri Sociotechnical Systems Engineering Group Department of Modelling and Simulation Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Riga Technical University 2 Daugavgrivas Street RigaLV-1048 Latvia Sociotechnical Systems OU Sakala 7-2 Street Tallinn10141 Estonia Human-Computer Interaction and Visual Analytics Research Group Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9788885741423

Virtual and augmented reality (VR / AR) applications have successfully overcome the critical part of the Gartner curve. Investments are made and new products entering the economy. However, a very small percentage of society have also heard about AR glasses, mainly linking these with potential identity threats and personal data breaches. The authors dealt with the design of application of AR to improve golf skills by improving the putting technique. The above solution is complicated by requiring complex object recognition, tracking and advanced AR software designing. © 5th International Conference of the Virtual and Augmented Reality in Education, VARE 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Risk Perception Biases and the Resilience of Ethics for Complying with COVID-19-Pandemic-Related Safety Measures

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Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response 2021年第2期11卷 87-90页

作者： Rajaonah, Bako Zio, Enrico Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation Control Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science (LAMIH UMR CNRS 8201) Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France Valenciennes F-59313 France Centre de Recherche sur les Risques et les Crises MINES ParisTech/PSL Université Paris Sophia Antipolis France Department of Energy Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy

This perspective paper presents factors that bias COVID-19-related risk judgments and risk decisions, such as cognitive biases, affect heuristics, mental models of risk and trust. The goal is to gain knowledge about the difficulty of risk communication in inducing attitudinal and behavioral changes regarding protective measures. Talking about morality and ethics appears to be less obsolete and more necessary than ever;it could even be seen as a ‘spare tire’ after one and a half years of risk communication and almost 4 million deaths. Perhaps it is time to think in terms of resilience at all levels, from the citizen of humanity to the highest institutions. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V.

关键词： COVID-19 ethics mental models of risk resilience Risk perception trust

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Collaborative virtual reality environment for a real-time emergency evacuation of a nightclub disaster

Collaborative virtual reality environment for a real-time em...

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2019 Conference on Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality, ERVR 2019

作者： Sharma, Sharad Amo-Fempong, Isaac Scribner, David Grynovicki, Jock Grazaitis, Peter Department of Computer Science Bowie State University BowieMD20715 United States Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering Dirct. Aberdeen Proving GroundMD21005 United States

The increased replication of human behavior with virtual agents and proxies in a multi-user or collaborated virtual reality environment (CVE) has influenced the eruption of scholastic research and training. The capabilities of the user experience for emergency response and training in emergency and catastrophic situations may be highly influenced by the use of computer bots, avatar, and virtual agents. Our contribution and proposal for the concerted collaborated Virtual Reality nightclub environment consequently warrants the flexibility to run manifold scenarios and evacuation drills in reaction to emergency and disaster preparedness. Modeling such an environment is very essential because it helps emulate the emergencies we experience in our routine lives and provide a learning platform towards the preparation of extreme events. The results of the user study to measure presence in the VE using presence questionnaire (PQ) are discussed in detail, and it was found that there is a consistent positive relation between presence and task performance in VEs. The results further suggest that most users feel that this application could be a good tool for education and training purposes. © 2019, Society for Imaging science and Technology.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Artificial intelligence agents for crowd simulation in an immersive environment for emergency response

Artificial intelligence agents for crowd simulation in an im...

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2019 Conference on Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality, ERVR 2019

作者： Sharma, Sharad Devreaux, Phillip Sree, Swetha Scribner, David Grynovicki, Jock Grazaitis, Peter Department of Computer Science Bowie State University BowieMD20715 United States Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering Dirct. Aberdeen Proving GroundMD21005 United States

Virtual crowds for non-combative environments play an important role in modern military operations and often create complications for the combatant forces involved. To address this problem, we are developing crowd simulation capable of generating crowds of non-combative civilians that exhibit a variety of individual and group behaviors at a different level of fidelity. Commercial game technology is used for creating an experimental setup to model an urban megacity environment and the physical behaviors of human characters that make up the crowd. The main objective of this work is to verify the feasibility of designing a collaborative virtual environment (CVE) and its usability for training security agents to respond to emergency situations like active shooter events, bomb blasts, fire and smoke. We present a hybrid (human-artificial) platform where experiments for disaster response can be performed in CVE by including AI agents and User-controlled agents. AI agents are computer controlled agents to include behaviors such as hostile agents, non-hostile agents, leader following agents, goal following agents, selfish agents, and fuzzy agents. User-controlled agents are autonomous agents for specific situation roles such as police officer, medic, firefighter, and swat official. The novelty of our work lies in modeling behaviors for AI agents or computer-controlled agents so that they can interact with user-controlled agents in an immersive training environment for emergency response and decision making. The hybrid platform aids in creating an experimental setup to study human behavior in a megacity for emergency response, decision-making strategies, and what-if scenarios. © 2019, Society for Imaging science and Technology.

关键词： Smoke

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Code summarization with structure-induced Transformer

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wu, Hongqiu Zhao, Hai Zhang, Min Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou China

Code summarization (CS) is becoming a promising area in recent language understanding, which aims to generate sensible human language automatically for programming language in the format of source code, serving in the most convenience of programmer developing. It is well known that programming languages are highly structured. Thus previous works attempt to apply structure-based traversal (SBT) or non-sequential models like Tree-LSTM and graph neural network (GNN) to learn structural program semantics. However, it is surprising that incorporating SBT into advanced encoder like Transformer instead of LSTM has been shown no performance gain, which lets GNN become the only rest means modeling such necessary structural clue in source code. To release such inconvenience, we propose structure-induced Transformer, which encodes sequential code inputs with multi-view structural clues in terms of a newly-proposed structure-induced self-attention mechanism. Extensive experiments show that our proposed structure-induced Transformer helps achieve new state-of-the-art results on benchmarks. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

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A labanotation based ontology for representing Vietnamese folk dances 3

A labanotation based ontology for representing Vietnamese fo...

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3rd International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology, ICDAMT 2018

作者： Chau, Ma Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thanh Human Machine Interaction Laboratory University of Engineering and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam Computer Science Department University of Engineering and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9781509052097

This paper aims at designing and constructing an ontology, representing and allowing Vietnamese folk dances annotation. An effective approach proposed is based on movement analysis. It is possible to divide Vietnamese folk dances into basic units, then movement phrases, movement primitives and dance poses. Studying deeply Vietnamese folk dances features and characteristics allows to find out 5 different types of relationships between main dance components. Typical relationships could be written in the form of logical predicates. For enriching ontologies, a formal encoding of the ontology expertise knowledge in the domain is performed by DL-Lite. The paper uses OWL-2 for building, organizing and visualizing ontologies. A case study-Mo folk dance with a knowledge base, is structured simply but effectively, with reasoning in DL-Lite and answering queries in SPARQL. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Ontology

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The status of the human gene catalogue

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Amaral, Paulo Carbonell-Sala, Silvia De La Vega, Francisco M. Faial, Tiago Frankish, Adam Gingeras, Thomas Guigo, Roderic Harrow, Jennifer L. Hatzigeorgiou, Artemis G. Johnson, Rory Murphy, Terence D. Pertea, Mihaela Pruitt, Kim D. Pujar, Shashikant Takahashi, Hazuki Ulitsky, Igor Varabyou, Ales Wells, Christine A. Yandell, Mark Carninci, Piero Salzberg, Steven L. INSPER Institute of Education and Research SP São Paulo Brazil Dr. Aiguader 88 Catalonia Barcelona08003 Spain Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Tempus Labs Inc. ChicagoIL United States Nature Genetics San FranciscoCA United States European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton CambridgeCB10 1SD United Kingdom Department of Functional Genomics Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY United States Catalonia Barcelona Spain Centre for Genomics Research Discovery Sciences AstraZeneca Da Vinci Building. Melbourn Science Park RoystonSG8 6HB United Kingdom Universithy of Thessaly Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics Lamia Greece Hellenic Pasteur Institute Athens Greece School of Biology and Environmental Science University College Dublin DublinD04 V1W8 Ireland Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research University College Dublin DublinD04 V1W8 Ireland Department of Medical Oncology Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern Bern3010 Switzerland Department for BioMedical Research University of Bern Bern3008 Switzerland National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD20894 United States Center for Computational Biology Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Kanagawa Yokohama230-0045 Japan Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology Department of Molecular Neuroscience Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot76100 Israel Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Stem Cell Systems Department of Anatomy and Physiology Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Scien

Scientists have been trying to identify all of the genes in the human genome since the initial draft of the genome was published in 2001. Over the intervening years, much progress has been made in identifying protein-coding genes, and the estimated number has shrunk to fewer than 20,000, although the number of distinct protein-coding isoforms has expanded dramatically. The invention of high-throughput RNA sequencing and other technological breakthroughs have led to an explosion in the number of reported non-coding RNA genes, although most of them do not yet have any known function. A combination of recent advances offers a path forward to identifying these functions and towards eventually completing the human gene catalogue. However, much work remains to be done before we have a universal annotation standard that includes all medically significant genes, maintains their relationships with different reference genomes, and describes clinically relevant genetic variants. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Genes

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