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PODBoost: an explainable AI model for polycystic ovarian syndrome detection using grey wolf-based feature selection approach

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第30期36卷 18627-18644页

作者： Moral, Poonam Mustafi, Debjani Sahana, Sudip Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Jharkhand Ranchi835215 India

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a recurring endocrine disorder that primarily affects women of reproductive age. It is difficult to diagnose due to its heterogeneous characteristics and overlapping symptoms with other illnesses. As a result, accurate and trustworthy prediction models are required to detect PCOS early. This research work aims to develop ML methods that predict the risk of PCOS among women based on demographic and clinical features. The entire framework is divided into four phases: in Phase I of the study, the SMOTE-Tomek Links (SMTL) technique balances the data set by combining oversampling and undersampling approaches. A novel meta-heuristic-based feature selection approach, the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) method, has been employed to select the most crucial features from the dataset, explained in Phase II. Subsequently, in Phase III, a hybridized classifier PODBoost algorithm (Polycystic Ovarian Disorder Boosting algorithm) is devised for faithful early prediction of PCOS using the concepts of different classical supervised learning algorithms. Finally, Explainable AI (XAI) such as the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) tool has been implemented to interpret relevant predictions made by the proposed classifier. The proposed algorithm is examined utilizing numerous metrics such as Accuracy, Error-Rate, ROC-AUC Score, Recall, Precision, and F1-Score. Among all the evaluated models, the proposed hybridized model has shown an impressive performance with an exceptional accuracy of 97.42%, indicating its superiority by delivering outstanding results. Based on the findings, the novel meta-heuristic-based feature selection method significantly impacts the outcomes of the proposed hybridized PODBoost algorithm. This algorithm may be recommended to predict PCOS or other relevant diseases having datasets which are multimodal in nature. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 202

关键词： Feature Selection

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PCA-IFNNR: Principal component analysis based image fusion directed nearest neighbor representation for dark face image super resolution

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-19页

作者： Kumar, Banti Rajput, Shyam Singh Department of Computer Science & amp Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Patna800005 India

Facial image captured under uncontrolled environment often degraded by blur, noise and low-light effect which significantly affect the performance of different real life applications. To solve this problem numerous face image super resolution (FISR) methods developed in last two decades. However, getting state-of-the-art accuracy for low-light face images is still a challenging task. Hence, to solve this problem a new FISR method for dark and low-resolution face images is proposed in this paper to enhance the robustness of the existing FISR techniques against darkness (low-light) problems. The proposed method tends to remove the darkness effects present in the input low-resolution (LR) face image. This method first uses the brightness enhancement approach to generate two most suitable brighter images with different brightness levels. Further, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based image fusion technique is developed to fuse those two images in order to generate darkness free image. After this, min-max based contrast enhancement technique is modified and applied on the fused image to make it compatible with dataset (dictionary) images for the reconstruction purpose. Further, this enhanced image is used in nearest neighbor representation to generate its equivalent brighter and high-resolution (HR) version. The simulation results using publicly accessible data sets and some real-world images imply that the proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in darker scenarios. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Improving coronary heart disease prediction with real-life dataset: a stacked generalization framework with maximum clinical attributes and SMOTE balancing for imbalanced data

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第37期83卷 85139-85168页

作者： Dubey, Madhuri Tembhurne, Jitendra Makhijani, Richa Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Maharashtra Nagpur441108 India

Heart disease increases the strain on the heart by reducing its ability to pump blood throughout the body, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Heart disease is becoming a global threat to the world due to people’s unhealthy lifestyles, prevalent stroke history, physical inactivity, and current medical background. In predictive analytics, many studies were proposed to get alerts about forthcoming heart disease based on various attributes. However, the performance metrics were good, but the model was trained with few features. This study aims to train the model with all the essential attributes for heart disease prediction on Framingham Heart Study (FHS) dataset. The dataset is pre-processed with IQR (Inter Quartile Range) outlier detection followed by data oversampling using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). We proposed a stack generalization approach, wherein various machine learning classifiers, namely logistic regression, random forest, K-nearest neighbour, Naïve Bayes, support vector machine, XGBoost, and decision tree with optimized hyperparameter trained the model to offer the best learner for the prediction of Coronary Heart disease with improved performance. The proposed model is tested on the original imbalanced and SMOTE-balanced FHS dataset. It is observed that logistic regression on the original (imbalanced) FHS dataset provides 86.51% accuracy, while the support vector machine on the SMOTE (balanced) FHS dataset outperformed the other models with an accuracy of 93.07%. Also, the proposed approach of stacked generalization with cross-validation provided 97.2% accuracy on SMOTE (balanced) dataset, which is remarkable. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Person re-identification using vision transformer and centroid triplet loss

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第29期83卷 73777-73788页

作者： Ijjina, Earnest Paul Medipelly, Rampavan Beerukuri, Santosh Kumar Vinnakota, Sowmya Nelakurthi, Vijay Chowdary Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana Warangal506004 India

In the current digital era, video surveillance has become a part of daily life. The person re-identification(re-ID) task involves choosing a person as a target in one camera feed and recognizing that target in footage from a different camera or the same camera at various points in time. The goal is to accurately identify a person despite variations in their appearance due to changes in pose, illumination, and occlusions. Person re-ID is a key component in video surveillance with practical applications in public safety, retail, and transportation, among others. However, it remains a difficult problem due to the inherent variability in appearance and the lack of robust features to capture the subtle differences between individuals. Even the existing Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) based approaches for person re-ID task struggle to address the issues due to variations in pose, occlusions, and background clutter. To tackle these issues in person re-ID task, we propose an approach using Vision Transformers (ViT) with Centroid Triplet Loss (CTL). Experimental studies conducted on Market1501 and DukeMTMC datasets, yielded better results than the existing approaches, indicating the effectiveness of our approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Cameras

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Blockchain-Empowered Secure Data Communication for UAV

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SN computer science 2024年第8期5卷 1163页

作者： Kumar, Ajay Bhatt, Dheeraj Singh, Yashwant Kumar, Neerendra Department of Computer Science and Informatics Central University Himachal Pradesh Dharamshala India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Jammu Jammu India

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), originally used for agriculture, military and typical videography applications, now expanded into many exciting areas but also carries potential security risks. Blockchain, widely renowned for its decentralized and secure properties will materialize the cure for these security threats faced by UAV networks. In this research, we introduced a blockchain based UAV communication algorithm in which both are jointly used to ensure a secure data exchange between drones. This algorithm makes sure that only validated data blocks are added to the Blockchain and ensures integrity & security during communication. By conducting an in-depth literature review, we have addressed some of the issues and challenges propagated by UAV systems. To summarize, the findings lay out that a combination of blockchain and UAV communication can enhance data integrity mechanisms as well as security layers;hence proving to be an optimal design for shaping even trustable solutions in wider domains dealing with professional aerial systems operation. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Algorithm Blockchain Decentralized Drone Security UAV

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CBBM-WARM: A Workload-Aware Meta-Heuristic for Resource Management in Cloud Computing

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China Communications 2025年第06期 255-275页

作者： K Nivitha P Pabitha R Praveen School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Department of Computer Technology Anna UniversityMIT Campus Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Puducherry

The rapid advent in artificial intelligence and big data has revolutionized the dynamic requirement in the demands of the computing resource for executing specific tasks in the cloud environment. The process of achieving autonomic resource management is identified to be a herculean task due to its huge distributed and heterogeneous environment. Moreover, the cloud network needs to provide autonomic resource management and deliver potential services to the clients by complying with the requirements of Quality-of-Service(QoS) without impacting the Service Level Agreements(SLAs). However, the existing autonomic cloud resource managing frameworks are not capable in handling the resources of the cloud with its dynamic requirements. In this paper, Coot Bird Behavior Model-based Workload Aware Autonomic Resource Management Scheme(CBBM-WARMS) is proposed for handling the dynamic requirements of cloud resources through the estimation of workload that need to be policed by the cloud *** CBBM-WARMS initially adopted the algorithm of adaptive density peak clustering for workloads clustering of the cloud. Then, it utilized the fuzzy logic during the process of workload scheduling for achieving the determining the availability of cloud resources. It further used CBBM for potential Virtual Machine(VM) deployment that attributes towards the provision of optimal resources. It is proposed with the capability of achieving optimal Qo S with minimized time,energy consumption, SLA cost and SLA *** experimental validation of the proposed CBBMWARMS confirms minimized SLA cost of 19.21% and reduced SLA violation rate of 18.74%, better than the compared autonomic cloud resource managing frameworks.

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Classifying the state of knowledge-based question answering: patterns, progress, and prospects

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2025年第1期47卷 93-105页

作者： Sharma, Sumit Jain, Sarika Tiwari, Mukesh Kumar lal, Sohan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Quantum University Roorkee Uttarakhand Roorkee India Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Haryana Kurukshetra India

In response to inquiries posed in natural languages, question-answering systems (QASs) produce responses. The capabilities of early QASs are limited because they were designed for certain domains. The current generation of QASs focuses on the types of inquiries that users typically enquire, the features of the data sources that are used, and the formats in which the right responses are produced. Many QASs have been developed since the 1960s when research on the subject first started. There are several cutting-edge frameworks for answering questions that can be used to categorize the QA system according to a number of criteria. The necessity for an extensive survey on QASs comes naturally in order to determine the future focus of research in this field. In this study, QASs are analyzed by the number of criteria used to categorize question-answering (QA) and provide the dimension using a variety of standards to cover all the QAS. We describe the current state of research in each QAS area and make recommendations for its future direction. Based on the dimension criteria outlined in the research methodology, research studies are chosen for additional review and comparison. Constructed some criteria to classify the QASs, we provide the classification and go over the benefits and drawbacks of each class's QAS, as well as the problems with the corresponding study. Results are detailed summarized and compared. As a result of this study, a general architecture of frameworks for QA over knowledge base (KB) is drawn in addition to the comparative analysis of systems, serving as a reference for academics working on related topics. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Question answering

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Neural network-guided motion blur estimation and patch representation method for face hallucination

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Kumar, Banti Rajput, Shyam Singh Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Bihar Patna India

Face hallucination (or super-resolution) is a technique of generating high-resolution face images from low-resolution (LR) inputs. The current face hallucination algorithms struggle with motion blur, a common issue in captured images due to various factors, including camera defocusing, objects in motion, etc. To address this problem, a new motion blur robust face hallucination algorithm via neural network-guided motion blur estimation and patch representation (NNMEPR) is proposed in this paper. The NNMEPR algorithm first estimates the motion blur kernels i.e., length (λ) and angle (α) from a motion-blurred LR test faces using a neural network fitting approach with scale conjugate gradient (SCG) learning algorithm. Then, the estimated factor is embedded in the LR dictionary face images to make them compatible with the test images and mitigate the impact of motion blur from the reconstruction process. Moreover, the proposed algorithm employs a neighboring position patch representation in the correlation coefficient calculation process to sustain the sharp edges and texture details in the resulting HR face images. Experiments on standard datasets and locally captured real-world faces demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed NNMEPR algorithm over the existing state-of-the-art techniques. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Motion estimation

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An improved multi-scale convolutional neural network with gated recurrent neural network model for protein secondary structure prediction

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第24期36卷 15063-15074页

作者： Bongirwar, Vrushali Mokhade, A.S. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management Nagpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur India

Protein structure prediction is one of the main research areas in the field of Bio-informatics. The importance of proteins in drug design attracts researchers for finding the accurate tertiary structure of the protein which is dependent on its secondary structure. In this paper, we focus on improving the accuracy of protein secondary structure prediction. To do so, a Multi-scale convolutional neural network with a Gated recurrent neural network (MCNN-GRNN) is proposed. The novel amino acid encoding method along with layered convolutional neural network and Gated recurrent neural network blocks helps to retrieve local and global relationships between features, which in turn effectively classify the input protein sequence into 3 and 8 states. We have evaluated our algorithm on CullPDB, CB513, PDB25, CASP10, CASP11, CASP12, CASP13, and CASP14 datasets. We have compared our algorithm with different state-of-the-art algorithms like DCNN-SS, DCRNN, MUFOLD-SS, DLBLS_SS, and CGAN-PSSP. The Q3 accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 82–87% and Q8 accuracy is 69–77% on different datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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A new CNN-based watermarking method for color medical images in a fusion domain

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-19页

作者： Hosny, Khalid M. Abdel-Aziz, Mostafa M. Lashin, Nabil A. Hamza, Hanaa M. Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computers and Informatics Zagazig University Zagazig44519 Egypt Department of Information Technology Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science Sinai University Arish Campus Al-Arish45518 Egypt

The transmission of medical images via medical agencies raises security concerns, necessitating increased security measures to ensure integrity and security. However, many watermarking algorithms overlook equipoise;the relation between robustness, invisibility, and payload capacity results in a less satisfactory performance. To bridge this gap, we propose a new blind watermarking method for securing medical images based on a convolutional neural network in a fusion domain. First, we transmute the host color image using a phase-only transform (PHOT) to detect the surface pattern. We feed the detected surface pattern into a pre-trained VGG19 model to impeccably extract the stable feature vector. We encrypt the extracted image features using a hybrid Chirikov map to enhance their robustness and reliability. The synergy between the pre-trained VGG19 model and PHOT in an integrated domain effectively captures additional native and localized image features. A hybrid Fibonacci Q-matrix method scrambles the binary watermark to enhance security. Integrating double encryption into the proposed method markedly enhances its resistance against diverse countermeasures. Experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed scheme performs efficiently in robustness and invisibility. The obtained PSNR value was up to 60.15 dB, which is optimal for human perception. The embedded watermark can be retrieved without any warping. The retrieved watermark seems to be authentic, exhibiting ideal BER and NC values. In almost all attack circumstances, the BER values approached zero while the NC values got closer. The proposed method demonstrates notable enhancements in robustness and invisibility compared to prior methods. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Watermarking

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