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Hybrid Color Texture Features Classification Through ANN for Melanoma

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 2205-2218页

作者： Saleem Mustafa Arfan Jaffar Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Asma Abubakar Abdullah S.Alshahrani Ahmed Alghamdi Faculty of Computer Science&Information Technology Superior UniversityLahore54600Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54600Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science&EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia

Melanoma is of the lethal and rare types of skin *** is curable at an initial stage and the patient can survive *** is very difﬁcult to screen all skin lesion patients due to costly *** are requiring a correct method for the right treatment for dermoscopic clinical features such as lesion borders,pigment networks,and the color of *** challenges are required an automated system to classify the clinical features of melanoma and non-melanoma *** trained clinicians can overcome the issues such as low contrast,lesions varying in size,color,and the existence of several objects like hair,reﬂections,air bubbles,and oils on almost all *** contour is one of the suitable methods with some drawbacks for the segmentation of irre-gular *** entropy and morphology-based automated mask selection is pro-posed for the active contour *** proposed method can improve the overall segmentation along with the boundary of melanoma *** this study,features have been extracted to perform the classiﬁcation on different texture scales like Gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)and Local binary pattern(LBP).When four different moments pull out in six different color spaces like HSV,Lin RGB,YIQ,YCbCr,XYZ,and CIE L*a*b then global information from different colors channels have been ***,hybrid fused texture features;such as local,color feature as global,shape features,and Artiﬁcial neural network(ANN)as classiﬁers have been proposed for the categorization of the malignant and *** had been carried out on datasets Dermis,DermQuest,and *** results of our advanced method showed super-iority and contrast with the existing state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Gray level co-occurrence matrix local binary pattern artiﬁcial neural networks support vector machines color skin cancer dermoscopic

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Provably secure authentication protocol for traffic exchanges in unmanned aerial vehicles

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High-Confidence Computing 2023年第4期3卷 60-72页

作者： Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi Department of Computer Science&Software Engineering Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science&TechnologyKenya

Unmanned aerial vehicles offer services such as military reconnaissance in potentially adversarial controlled *** addition,they have been deployed in civilian critical infrastructure *** this environment,real-time and massive data is exchanged between the aerial vehicles and the ground control *** on the mission of these aerial vehicles,some of the collected and transmitted data is sensitive and ***,many security protocols have been presented to offer privacy and security ***,majority of these schemes fail to consider attack vectors such as side-channeling,de-synchronization and known secret session temporary information *** last attack can be launched upon adversarial physical capture of these *** addition,some of these protocols deploy computationally intensive asymmetric cryptographic primitives that result in high *** this paper,an authentication protocol based on lightweight quadratic residues and hash functions is *** formal security analysis is executed using the widely deployed random oracle *** addition,informal security analysis is carried out to show its robustness under the Dolev–Yao(DY)and Canetti–Krawczyk(CK)threat *** terms of operational efficiency,it is shown to have relatively lower execution time,communication costs,and incurs the least storage costs among other related ***,the proposed protocol provides a 25%improvement in supported security and privacy features and a 6.52%reduction in storage *** overall,the proposed methodology offers strong security and privacy protection at lower execution time,storage and communication overheads.

关键词： Authentication Drones Quadratic residues Privacy Security Side-channeling UAV

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Crowd dynamics analysis and behavior recognition in surveillance videos based on deep learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-35页

作者： Ilyas, Anum Bawany, Narmeen Center for Computing Research Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Jinnah University for Women Karachi Pakistan

Video surveillance is widely adopted across various sectors for purposes such as law enforcement, COVID-19 isolation monitoring, and analyzing crowds for potential threats like flash mobs or violence. The vast amount of data generated daily from surveillance devices holds significant potential but requires effective analysis to extract value. Detecting anomalous crowd behavior, which can lead to chaos and casualties, is particularly challenging in video surveillance due to its labor-intensive nature and susceptibility to errors. To address these challenges, this research contributes in two key areas: first, by creating a diverse and representative video dataset that accurately reflects real-world crowd dynamics across eight different categories;second, by developing a reliable framework, ‘CRAB-NET,’ for automated behavior recognition. Extensive experimentation and evaluation, using Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory networks (ConvLSTM) and Long-Term Recurrent Convolutional Networks (LRCN), validated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately categorizing behaviors observed in surveillance videos. The employed models were able to achieve the accuracy score of 99.46% for celebratory crowd, 99.98% for formal crowd and 96.69% for violent crowd. The demonstrated accuracy of 97.20% for comprehensive dataset achieved by the LRCN underscores its potential to revolutionize crowd behavior analysis. It ensures safer mass gatherings and more effective security interventions. Incorporating AI-powered crowd behavior recognition like ‘CRAB-NET’ into security measures not only safeguards public gatherings but also paves the way for proactive event management and predictive safety strategies. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Shellfish

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Leveraging the Potential of Large Language Models

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2024年第8期48卷 1-16页

作者： Prasad, Shreya Gupta, Himank Ghosh, Arup Department of Software Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Graceland University LamoniIA United States

This study focuses on enhancing Natural Language Processing (NLP) in generative AI chatbots through the utilization of advanced pre-trained models. We assessed five distinct Large Language Models (LLMs): TRANSFORMER MODEL, FALCON 7B, LAMINI-FLAN-T5-783M, LLAMA-2-7B, and LLAMA-2-13B to identify the most effective one. Our findings revealed that the LLAMA Model excels in comprehending user queries and delivering precise responses during conversations. The article elucidates the methodology employed to evaluate and select various models for our chatbot. Through rigorous testing, we determined that the LLAMA-2-13B model exhibits enhanced response time and accuracy. Additionally, we employed tools such as Facebook Artificial Intelligence Similarity Search (FAISS) and experimented with user interfaces like Streamlit and Chainlit to enhance the chatbot's user-friendliness. The research underscores the significance of selecting the appropriate model for crafting efficient chatbots. Ultimately, the LLAMA-13B model emerged as the standout performer, showcasing superior performance. Benchmark assessments, including HellaSwag and WinoGrande, which gauge common sense reasoning, were employed to evaluate our chatbot's capabilities. The study concludes that LLAMA-based models hold significant promise for the development of innovative and user-friendly chatbots in the future. Povzetek: Študija se osredotoča na izboljšanje obdelave naravnega jezika (NLP) v generativnih AI klepetalnicah z uporabo naprednih vnaprej usposobljenih modelov. Analizirali so pet modelov: TRANSFORMER MODEL, FALCON 7B, LAMINI-FLAN-T5-783M, LLAMA-2-7B in LLAMA-2-13B. Model LLAMA-13B se je izkazal kot najboljši z vrhunskimi rezultati na testih HellaSwag in WinoGrande. Raziskava uporablja orodja, kot je FAISS, in uporabniške vmesnike, kot sta Streamlit in Chainlit za izboljšanje uporabniške izkušnje. © 2024 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Is GPT-4 Conscious?

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness 2024年第1期11卷 1-16页

作者： Tait, Izak Bensemann, Joshua Wang, Ziqi Computer Science and Software Engineering Department Auckland University of Technology NAOInstitute The University of Auckland

GPT-4 (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4) is often heralded as a leading commercial AI offering, sparking debates over its potential as a steppingstone toward Artificial General Intelligence. But does it possess consciousness? This paper investigates this key question using the nine qualitative measurements of the Building Blocks theory. GPT-4's design, architecture, and implementation are compared to each of the building blocks of consciousness to determine whether it has achieved the requisite milestones to be classified as conscious or, if not, how close to consciousness GPT-4 is. Our assessment is that, while GPT-4 in its native configuration is not currently conscious, current technological research and development is sufficient to modify GPT-4 to have all the building blocks of consciousness. Consequently, we argue that the emergence of a conscious AI model is plausible in the near term. The paper concludes with a comprehensive discussion of the ethical implications and societal ramifications of engineering conscious AI entities. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Consciousness Ethics GPT-4 Philosophy of Mind Sentience

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Caching Strategies in NDN Based Wireless Ad Hoc Network:A Survey

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 61-103页

作者： Ahmed Khalid Rana Asif Rehman Byung-Seo Kim Department of Computer Science FAST School of ComputingNational University of Computer and Emerging SciencesLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software and Communications Engineering Hongik UniversitySejong City30016Republic of Korea

Wireless Ad Hoc Networks consist of devices that are wirelessly *** Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs),Internet of Things(IoT),and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks(VANETs)are the main domains of wireless ad hoc *** is used in wireless ad hoc *** is based on Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)/Internet Protocol(IP)network where clients and servers interact with each other with the help of IP in a pre-defined *** fetches data from a fixed *** redundancy,mobility,and location dependency are the main issues of the IP network *** these factors result in poor performance of wireless ad hoc *** main disadvantage of IP is that,it does not provide in-network ***,there is a need to move towards a new network that overcomes these *** Data Network(NDN)is a network that overcomes these *** is a project of Information-centric Network(ICN).NDN provides in-network caching which helps in fast response to user *** NDN in wireless ad hoc network provides many benefits such as caching,mobility,scalability,security,and *** considering the certainty,in this survey paper,we present a comprehensive survey on Caching Strategies in NDN-based Wireless *** cachingmechanism-based results are also *** the last,we also shed light on the challenges and future directions of this promising field to provide a clear understanding of what caching-related problems exist in NDN-based wireless ad hoc networks.

关键词： Content centric network Internet of Things mobile ad hoc network named data network vehicular ad hoc network

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Identification of software Bugs by Analyzing Natural Language-Based Requirements Using Optimized Deep Learning Features

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4379-4397页

作者： Qazi Mazhar ul Haq Fahim Arif Khursheed Aurangzeb Noor ul Ain Javed Ali Khan Saddaf Rubab Muhammad Shahid Anwar Department of Computer Science and Engineering and International Bachelor’s Program in Informatics Yuan Ze UniversityZhongliTaoyuan320315Taiwan Department of Computer Science National University of PakistanRawalpindiPunjab46000Pakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering MCSNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of AI and Software Gachon UniversitySeongnam-SI13120South Korea

software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty *** are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is *** bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning ***,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other ***,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification *** methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a *** National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were *** reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.

关键词： Natural language processing software bug prediction transfer learning ensemble learning feature selection

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Systematic analysis of on-premise and cloud services

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International Journal of Cloud Computing 2024年第3期13卷 214-242页

作者： Ali, Asif Laghari, Asif Ali Kandhro, Irfan Ahmed Kumar, Kamlesh Younus, Salman Department of Computer Science Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi Pakistan

There are two key distinctions between cloud and on-premise (OP) software, the cost for each varies and so does the level of control. As organisations explore to reduce costs, many data and rules are migrating to multiple clouds like GCP, AWS, AZURE, and so on. Cloud service providers provide the extensibility, resilience, and quickness that traditional OP deployments usually lose. This paper presents a comparative analysis of on-premise and cloud computing differs by outline, arrangement, administration, and devices for associations and clients. This comparison shows that cloud computing provides more flexible infrastructure and better service of data processing on-premise. In today’s enterprise IT world, there are many factors that a business must consider when deciding whether a cloud infrastructure is the right choice. As there are many mid-level organisations that I personally know which fails to adapt cloud solutions, instead rely on their proven legacy and on-premises applications and software to do business. Therefore, it is very challenging to decide for business, if either a cloud infrastructure is right choice or not. In this article, which have covered many areas and analyses of on-premise and cloud, which will help mid-level organisations to make the decision of choosing cloud solutions for their running business applications. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Cloud computing

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Penetration Testing Operating Systems: Exploiting Vulnerabilities

Penetration Testing Operating Systems: Exploiting Vulnerabil...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Computing, Cybersecurity and Informatics, CCCI 2024

作者： Gardner, Evan Singh, Gurmeet Qu, Weihao Software Engineering Monmouth University Department of Computer Science United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349832

The safeguarding of critical data stored on devices such as phones, computers, and tablets against unauthorized access has emerged as a central concern in modern society. Along with the increasing reliance on these devices for both productivity and personal affairs, the protection of the vast collections of sensitive information becomes crucial. Information safety against unauthorized access is a critical area in cybersecurity which is addressed through the discipline of penetration testing. This practice involves security researchers simulating adversarial attacks to evaluate the defenses of various technological systems, including web applications, operating systems, and networks, with the goal of protecting sensitive data from malicious actors. This research specifically focuses on the study of penetration testing operating systems without requiring login credentials, employing techniques such as command combinations in languages like BASH within the terminal to gain access to administrative accounts. Our further studies explore the performance of emulating keystrokes when these command combinations are used in conjunction with penetration testing devices, such as a USB Rubber Ducky, focusing on optimizing speed and efficiency. This research uncovers significant security vulnerabilities that, if exploited, could result in severe consequences not only for individual devices but also for entire networks and critical infrastructures, including core businesses, healthcare systems, schools, and government agencies. By identifying and mitigating these vulnerabilities, we contribute to strengthening security protocols, such as implementing system administration enhancements that prevent unauthorized access to the root terminal. In this way, our work bolsters efforts to protect digital systems against evolving cyber threats, ensuring the safety and integrity of both individual and collective digital operations. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Critical infrastructures

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Spatial Correlation Module for Classification of Multi-Label Ocular Diseases Using Color Fundus Images

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 133-150页

作者： Ali Haider Khan Hassaan Malik Wajeeha Khalil Sayyid Kamran Hussain Tayyaba Anees Muzammil Hussain Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computer SciencesLahore Garrison UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Computer Science School of Systems and TechnologyUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Information Technology University of Engineering and Technology(UET)PeshawarPakistan Department of Computer Science TIMES InstituteMultan60000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering School of Systems and TechnologyUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan

To prevent irreversible damage to one’s eyesight,ocular diseases(ODs)need to be recognized and treated *** fundus imaging(CFI)is a screening technology that is both effective and *** to CFIs,the early stages of the disease are characterized by a paucity of observable symptoms,which necessitates the prompt creation of automated and robust diagnostic *** traditional research focuses on image-level diagnostics that attend to the left and right eyes in isolation without making use of pertinent correlation data between the two sets of *** addition,they usually only target one or a few different kinds of eye diseases at the same *** this study,we design a patient-level multi-label OD(PLML_ODs)classification model that is based on a spatial correlation network(SCNet).This model takes into consideration the relevance of patient-level diagnosis combining bilateral eyes and multi-label ODs ***_ODs is made up of three parts:a backbone convolutional neural network(CNN)for feature extraction i.e.,DenseNet-169,a SCNet for feature correlation,and a classifier for the development of classification *** DenseNet-169 is responsible for retrieving two separate sets of attributes,one from each of the left and right *** then,the SCNet will record the correlations between the two feature sets on a pixel-by-pixel *** the attributes have been analyzed,they are integrated to provide a representation at the patient *** the whole process of ODs categorization,the patient-level representation will be *** efficacy of the PLML_ODs is examined using a soft margin loss on a dataset that is readily accessible to the public,and the results reveal that the classification performance is significantly improved when compared to several baseline approaches.

关键词： Ocular disease multi-label spatial correlation CNN eye disease

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