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How graph convolutions amplify popularity bias for recommendation?

Frontiers of computer science 2024年第5期18卷 121-132页

作者： Jiajia CHEN Jiancan WU Jiawei CHEN Xin XIN Yong LI Xiangnan HE School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 250100China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Graphconvolutional networks(GCNs)have become prevalent in recommender system(RS)due to their superiority in modeling collaborative *** improving the overall accuracy,GCNs unfortunately amplify popularity bias-tail items are less likely to be *** effect prevents the GCN-based RS from making precise and fair recommendations,decreasing the effectiveness of recommender systems in the long *** this paper,we investigate how graph convolutions amplify the popularity bias in *** theoretical analyses,we identify two fundamental factors:(1)with graph convolution(i.e.,neighborhood aggregation),popular items exert larger influence than tail items on neighbor users,making the users move towards popular items in the representation space;(2)after multiple times of graph convolution,popular items would affect more high-order neighbors and become more *** two points make popular items get closer to almost users and thus being recommended more *** rectify this,we propose to estimate the amplified effect of popular nodes on each node's representation,and intervene the effect after each graph ***,we adopt clustering to discover highly-influential nodes and estimate the amplification effect of each node,then remove the effect from the node embeddings at each graph convolution *** method is simple and generic-it can be used in the inference stage to correct existing models rather than training a new model from scratch,and can be applied to various GCN *** demonstrate our method on two representative GCN backbones LightGCN and UltraGCN,verifying its ability in improving the recommendations of tail items without sacrificing the performance of popular *** are open-sourced^(1)).

关键词： recommendation graph convolution networks popularity bias

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A hybrid memory architecture supporting fine-grained data migration

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Frontiers of computer science 2024年第2期18卷 31-41页

作者： Ye CHI Jianhui YUE Xiaofei LIAO Haikun LIU Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabCluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Computer Science Michigan Technological UniversityMichigan 49931USA

Hybrid memory systems composed of dynamic random access memory(DRAM)and Non-volatile memory(NVM)often exploit page migration technologies to fully take the advantages of different memory *** previous proposals usually migrate data at a granularity of 4 KB pages,and thus waste memory bandwidth and DRAM *** this paper,we propose Mocha,a non-hierarchical architecture that organizes DRAM and NVM in a flat address space physically,but manages them in a cache/memory *** the commercial NVM device-Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Modules(DCPMM)actually access the physical media at a granularity of 256 bytes(an Optane block),we manage the DRAM cache at the 256-byte size to adapt to this feature of *** design not only enables fine-grained data migration and management for the DRAM cache,but also avoids write amplification for Intel Optane *** also create an Indirect Address Cache(IAC)in Hybrid Memory Controller(HMC)and propose a reverse address mapping table in the DRAM to speed up address translation and cache ***,we exploit a utility-based caching mechanism to filter cold blocks in the NVM,and further improve the efficiency of the DRAM *** implement Mocha in an architectural *** results show that Mocha can improve application performance by 8.2%on average(up to 24.6%),reduce 6.9%energy consumption and 25.9%data migration traffic on average,compared with a typical hybrid memory architecture-HSCC.

关键词： non-volatile memory hybrid memory system data migration fine-grained caching

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Learner’s intention analysis to mitigate the cold start problem in personalized learning recommendation systems

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-55页

作者： Pal, Saurabh Pramanik, Pijush Kanti Dutta Choudhury, Prasenjit Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering Brainware University Kolkata India School of Computer Applications and Technology Galgotias University Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida India Department of Computer Science & amp Engineering National Institute of Technology Durgapur West Bengal India

Understanding the learner’s requirements and status is important for recommending relevant and appropriate learning materials to the learner in personalized learning. For this purpose, the learning recommendation system must include the learner’s contextual and behavioral information. However, in the case of cold start problems, the system has no prior information about a new user. Moreover, the system cannot acquire the required information instantly because the automated and instantaneous acquisition of this information is not trivial. This hinders the personalized recommendation for a new learner. Engaging the learner in a questionnaire session may allow the learning system to acquire most of the required information. However, this makes the learner uninterested and disengaged with the system. To address this, we propose a recommendation system for personalized learning that mitigates the cold start problem by acquiring important information by analyzing the learner’s questions submitted to the learning system. By analyzing the meta-information of a question, we identified the learner’s exact requirements, domain and topic knowledge, and expected knowledge gain from the learning material. Ontology, BiLSTM, and context mapping are used for learner modelling and topic classification, and identifying suitable learning materials, respectively. Furthermore, MCDM techniques are used for ranking the learning materials. Our experimental assessment and validation suggest that the information acquired based on our proposed approach is sufficient for understanding a new learner’s needs and suitability and, accordingly, for recommending suitable personalized learning materials. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Recommender systems

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An AI-Enabled Framework for Transparency and Interpretability in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 5057-5078页

作者： Isha Kiran Shahzad Ali Sajawal ur Rehman Khan Musaed Alhussein Sheraz Aslam Khursheed Aurangzeb Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore39161Pakistan Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie Alma Mater Studiorum—Universita di BolognaBologna40126Italy Department of Information Sciences University of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityKarachi CampusKarachi74900Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineeringand InformaticsCyprus University of TechnologyLimassol3036Cyprus Department of Computer Science CTL EurocollegeLimassol3077Cyprus

Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a leading global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and the complexity of early diagnosis,driven by risk factors such as hypertension,high cholesterol,and irregular pulse *** diagnostic methods often struggle with the nuanced interplay of these risk factors,making early detection *** this research,we propose a novel artificial intelligence-enabled(AI-enabled)framework for CVD risk prediction that integrates machine learning(ML)with eXplainable AI(XAI)to provide both high-accuracy predictions and transparent,interpretable *** to existing studies that typically focus on either optimizing ML performance or using XAI separately for local or global explanations,our approach uniquely combines both local and global interpretability using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations(LIME)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).This dual integration enhances the interpretability of the model and facilitates clinicians to comprehensively understand not just what the model predicts but also why those predictions are made by identifying the contribution of different risk factors,which is crucial for transparent and informed decision-making in *** framework uses ML techniques such as K-nearest neighbors(KNN),gradient boosting,random forest,and decision tree,trained on a cardiovascular ***,the integration of LIME and SHAP provides patient-specific insights alongside global trends,ensuring that clinicians receive comprehensive and actionable *** experimental results achieve 98%accuracy with the Random Forest model,with precision,recall,and F1-scores of 97%,98%,and 98%,*** innovative combination of SHAP and LIME sets a new benchmark in CVD prediction by integrating advanced ML accuracy with robust interpretability,fills a critical gap in existing *** framework paves the way for more explainable and transparent decision-making in he

关键词： Artificial Intelligence cardiovascular disease(CVD) explainability eXplainable AI(XAI) interpretability LIME machine learning(ML) SHAP

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IRS-enabled NOMA communication systems:A network architecture primer with future trends and challenges

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第5期10卷 1503-1528页

作者： Haleema Sadia Ahmad Kamal Hassan Ziaul Haq Abbas Ghulam Abbas Muhammad Waqas Zhu Han Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications and Networking(TeleCoN)Research Center Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology(GIKI)Topi 23640Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIKITopi 23640Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Information TechnologyUniversity of Bahrain32028Bahrain School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerth WA6027Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77004USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 446-701South Korea

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)has already proven to be an effective multiple access scheme for5th Generation(5G)wireless *** provides improved performance in terms of system throughput,spectral efficiency,fairness,and energy efficiency(EE).However,in conventional NOMA networks,performance degradation still exists because of the stochastic behavior of wireless *** combat this challenge,the concept of Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)has risen to prominence as a low-cost intelligent solution for Beyond 5G(B5G)*** this paper,a modeling primer based on the integration of these two cutting-edge technologies,i.e.,IRS and NOMA,for B5G wireless networks is *** in-depth comparative analysis of IRS-assisted Power Domain(PD)-NOMA networks is provided through 3-fold ***,a primer is presented on the system architecture of IRS-enabled multiple-configuration PD-NOMA systems,and parallels are drawn with conventional network configurations,i.e.,conventional NOMA,Orthogonal Multiple Access(OMA),and IRS-assisted OMA *** by this,a comparative analysis of these network configurations is showcased in terms of significant performance metrics,namely,individual users'achievable rate,sum rate,ergodic rate,EE,and outage ***,for multi-antenna IRS-enabled NOMA networks,we exploit the active Beamforming(BF)technique by employing a greedy algorithm using a state-of-the-art branch-reduceand-bound(BRB)*** optimality of the BRB algorithm is presented by comparing it with benchmark BF techniques,i.e.,minimum-mean-square-error,zero-forcing-BF,and ***,we present an outlook on future envisioned NOMA networks,aided by IRSs,i.e.,with a variety of potential applications for 6G wireless *** work presents a generic performance assessment toolkit for wireless networks,focusing on IRS-assisted NOMA *** comparative analysis provides a solid foundation for the dev

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surface Non-orthogonal multiple access 6G Beamforming Sum rate Energy efficiency

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Energy Efficient Unequal Fault Tolerance Clustering Approach

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1971-1983页

作者： Sowjanya Ramisetty Divya Anand Kavita Sahil Verma NZ Jhanjhi Mehedi Masud Mohammed Baz Department of Computer Science and Engineering KG Reddy College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadIndia School of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tailor’s UniversityMalaysia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21994Saudi Arabia

For achieving Energy-Efficiency in wireless sensor networks(WSNs),different schemes have been proposed which focuses only on reducing the energy consumption.A shortest path determines for the Base Station(BS),but fault tolerance and energy balancing gives equal importance for improving the network *** saving energy in WSNs,clustering is considered as one of the effective methods for Wireless Sensor *** of the excessive overload,more energy consumed by cluster heads(CHs)in a cluster based WSN to receive and aggregate the information from member sensor nodes and it leads to *** increasing the WSNs’lifetime,the CHs selection has played a key role in energy consumption for sensor *** Energy Efficient Unequal Fault Tolerant Clustering Approach(EEUFTC)is proposed for reducing the energy utilization through the intelligent methods like Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).In this approach,an optimal Master Cluster Head(MCH)-Master data Aggregator(MDA),selection method is proposed which uses the fitness values and they evaluate based on the PSO for two optimal nodes in each cluster to act as Master Data Aggregator(MDA),and Master Cluster *** data from the cluster members collected by the chosen MCH exclusively and the MDA is used for collected data reception from MCH transmits to the ***,the MCH overhead *** the heavy communication of data,overhead controls using the scheduling of Energy-Efficient Time Division Multiple Access(EE-TDMA).To describe the proposed method superiority based on various performance metrics,simulation and results are compared to the existing methods.

关键词： Energy-efficiency unequal fault tolerant clustering approach particle swarm optimization master data aggregator energy efficient time division multiple access optimal nodes

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An Efficient Scalp Inspection and Diagnosis System Using Multiple Deep Learning-Based Modules un système efficace d'inspection et de diagnostic du cuir chevelure utilisant plusieurs modules basés sur l'apprentissage profond

IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and computer engineering 2024年第1期47卷 22-35页

作者： Chen, Liang-Bi Chang, Wan-Jung Chiu, Yi-Chan Huang, Xiang-Rui National Penghu University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Penghu880011 Taiwan National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Kaohsiung807618 Taiwan Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Tainan710 Taiwan

The conventional approach to scalp inspection in the hairdressing industry relies on manually interpreting scalp symptom images. Hairdressers provide treatments based on visual assessment, leading to potential inaccuracies and misjudgments. To address these shortcomings, this article proposes a novel multimodal deep learning-based scalp inspection and diagnosis system. The proposed system employs various artificial intelligence (AI) object recognition modules, such as single-shot multibox detector (SSD)-MobileNetV2, SSD-InceptionV2, Faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN)-InceptionV2, and Faster R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous (2). These modules form a diverse scalp symptom recognition module integrated into an AI recognition server. This study included nine scalp symptoms, encompassing four primary conditions (dandruff, hair loss, gray hair, and oily hair), as well as five special conditions (folliculitis, chemical residue, mold, fungi, fungus, and psoriasis). The efficiency of the proposed system is evaluated through experiments, and adjustments are made to the neural network architecture to achieve optimal performance across diverse symptoms. The experimental results showed that Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous (2) excels in recognizing chemical residue and oily hair symptoms (accuracies of 89.33% and 87.75%, respectively);Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous (4) outperforms in recognizing dandruff, folliculitis, fungal, and psoriasis symptoms (accuracies ranging from 88.77% to 99.72%);and Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous (4) is the best-performing method overall. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Inspection

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Video Colorization:A Survey

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Journal of computer science & technology 2024年第3期39卷 487-508页

作者：彭中正杨艺新唐金辉潘金山 School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China CCF IEEE ACM

Video colorization aims to add color to grayscale or monochrome *** existing methods have achieved substantial and noteworthy results in the field of image colorization,video colorization presents more formidable obstacles due to the additional necessity for temporal ***,there is rarely a systematic review of video colorization *** this paper,we aim to review existing state-of-the-art video colorization *** addition,maintaining spatial-temporal consistency is pivotal to the process of video *** gain deeper insight into the evolution of existing methods in terms of spatial-temporal consistency,we further review video colorization methods from a novel *** colorization methods can be categorized into four main categories:optical-flow based methods,scribble-based methods,exemplar-based methods,and fully automatic ***,optical-flow based methods rely heavily on accurate optical-flow estimation,scribble-based methods require extensive user interaction and modifications,exemplar-based methods face challenges in obtaining suitable reference images,and fully automatic methods often struggle to meet specific colorization *** also discuss the existing challenges and highlight several future research opportunities worth exploring.

关键词： video colorization deep convolutional neural network spatial-temporal consistency

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An efficient schedulability analysis based on worst-case interference time for real-time systems

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 88-104页

作者： Hongbiao LIU Mengfei YANG Lei QIAO Xi CHEN Jian GONG School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University China Academy of Space Technology Beijing Institute of Control Engineering

Real-time systems are widely implemented in the Internet of Things(IoT) and safety-critical systems, both of which have generated enormous social value. Aiming at the classic schedulability analysis problem in real-time systems, we proposed an exact Boolean analysis based on interference(EBAI) for schedulability analysis in real-time systems. EBAI is based on worst-case interference time(WCIT), which considers both the release jitter and blocking time of the task. We improved the efficiency of the three existing tests and provided a comprehensive summary of related research results in the field. Abundant experiments were conducted to compare EBAI with other related results. Our evaluation showed that in certain cases, the runtime gain achieved using our analysis method may exceed 73% compared to the stateof-the-art schedulability test. Furthermore, the benefits obtained from our tests grew with the number of tasks, reaching a level suitable for practical application. EBAI is oriented to the five-tuple real-time task model with stronger expression ability and possesses a low runtime overhead. These characteristics make it applicable in various real-time systems such as spacecraft, autonomous vehicles, industrial robots, and traffic command systems.

关键词： five-tuple real-time task model real-time system spacecraft Internet of Things exact schedulability analysis worst-case interference time

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Leveraging User-Generated Comments and Fused BiLSTM Models to Detect and Predict Issues with Mobile Apps

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 735-759页

作者： Wael M.S.Yafooz Abdullah Alsaeedi Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMedina42353Saudi Arabia

In the last decade, technical advancements and faster Internet speeds have also led to an increasing number ofmobile devices and users. Thus, all contributors to society, whether young or old members, can use these mobileapps. The use of these apps eases our daily lives, and all customers who need any type of service can accessit easily, comfortably, and efficiently through mobile apps. Particularly, Saudi Arabia greatly depends on digitalservices to assist people and visitors. Such mobile devices are used in organizing daily work schedules and services,particularly during two large occasions, Umrah and Hajj. However, pilgrims encounter mobile app issues such asslowness, conflict, unreliability, or user-unfriendliness. Pilgrims comment on these issues on mobile app platformsthrough reviews of their experiences with these digital services. Scholars have made several attempts to solve suchmobile issues by reporting bugs or non-functional requirements by utilizing user ***, solving suchissues is a great challenge, and the issues still exist. Therefore, this study aims to propose a hybrid deep learningmodel to classify and predict mobile app software issues encountered by millions of pilgrims during the Hajj andUmrah periods from the user perspective. Firstly, a dataset was constructed using user-generated comments fromrelevant mobile apps using natural language processing methods, including information extraction, the annotationprocess, and pre-processing steps, considering a multi-class classification problem. Then, several experimentswere conducted using common machine learning classifiers, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Long Short-TermMemory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) architectures, toexamine the performance of the proposed model. Results show 96% in F1-score and accuracy, and the proposedmodel outperformed the mentioned models.

关键词： Mobile apps issues play store user comments deep learning LSTM bidirectional LSTM

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