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2022 Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022

作者： Mueller, David Andrews, Nicholas Dredze, Mark Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University United States Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Johns Hopkins University United States

Traditional multi-task learning architectures learn a single model across multiple tasks through a shared encoder followed by task-specific decoders. Learning these models often requires specialized training algorithms that address task-conflict in the shared parameter updates, which otherwise can lead to negative transfer. A new type of multi-task learning within NLP homogenizes multi-task architectures as a shared encoder and language model decoder, which does surprisingly well across a range of diverse tasks (Raffel et al., 2020). Does this new architecture suffer from task-conflicts that require specialized training algorithms? We study how certain factors in the shift towards text-to-text models affects multitask conflict and negative transfer, finding that both directional conflict and transfer are surprisingly constant across architectures. © 2022 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Decoding

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Can I Trust You? Exploring the Impact of Misleading AI Suggestions on User's Trust

Can I Trust You? Exploring the Impact of Misleading AI Sugge...

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Metrology for Extended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Daniele Pretolesi Olivia Zechner Helmut Schrom-Feiertag Manfred Tscheligi Center for Technology Experience Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna Austria Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Interfaces University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Interfaces Human-Computer Interaction Division University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350378009

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378016

Extended Reality (XR) offers immersive and interactive training experiences across fields like policing and medicine. However, tailoring training difficulty to individual needs remains a challenge. AI-driven training assistants could be a promising solution to personalize XR training by proposing adjustments based on user data. Yet, the effectiveness of such suggestions and the user's ability to discern accurate recommendations are not fully understood. This study investigates the effectiveness of suggestions within an AI-driven interface for proposing scenario changes in an XR training environment. We employ a $2\times 2$ experimental design, manipulating both the presence of stress during training (stressful versus neutral scenarios) and the biosignal information provided by the trainees during training (congruent versus incongruent). This work aims to determine whether trainers can reject misleading suggestions made by the system and how this affects their trust in the system. A sample of N=17 medical first responder trainers was recruited from three European countries. Our results show that the majority of the participants did not reject incorrect suggestions and the expected decrease in trust and perceived transparency towards the misleading interface was not observed. These results underscore the complex interplay between user perception, trust, and technological interface design, highlighting avenues for further research and refinement in the development of AI-driven suggestion systems.

关键词： Training Extended reality Decision making Neural engineering Metrology Reliability Artificial intelligence Usability Stress Optimization

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Forebrain excitatory neuron-specific loss of Brpf1 attenuates excitatory synaptic transmission and impairs spatial and fear memory

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1133-1141页

作者： Baicheng Zhao Hang Zhang Ying Liu Gaoyu Zu Yuxiao Zhang Jiayi Hu Shuai Liu Linya You Department of Human Anatomy&Histoembryology School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics(Ministry of Education) Affiliated Mental Health Center(ECNU)School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center ShanghaiChina NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai ShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai ShanghaiChina

Bromodomain and plant homeodomain(PHD)finger containing protein 1(Brpf1)is an activator and scaffold protein of a multiunit complex that includes other components involving lysine acetyltransferase(KAT)6A/6B/***1,KAT6A,and KAT6B mutations were identified as the causal genes of neurodevelopmental disorders leading to intellectual *** previous work revealed strong and specific expression of Brpf1 in both the postnatal and adult forebrain,especially the hippocampus,which has essential roles in learning and ***,we hypothesized that Brpf1 plays critical roles in the function of forebrain excitatory neurons,and that its deficiency leads to learning and memory *** test this,we knocked out Brpf1 in forebrain excitatory neurons using *** found that Brpf1 deficiency reduced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and downregulated the expression of genes Pcdhgb1,Slc16a7,Robo3,and Rho,which are related to neural development,synapse function,and memory,thereby damaging spatial and fear memory in *** findings help explain the mechanisms of intellectual impairment in patients with BRPF1 mutation.

关键词： behavioral test Brpf1 CAMKIIa-Cre intellectual disability miniature excitatory postsynaptic current mRNA-Seq

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What makes IM users (un)responsive: An empirical investigation for understanding IM responsiveness

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International Journal of human computer Studies 2023年 172卷

作者： Lee, Hao-Ping [Hank] Chiang, Yi-Shyuan Chou, Yu-Ling Lin, Kung-Pai Chang, Yung-Ju Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Human–Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States

Instant messaging (IM) communication has been widely studied due to its prevalence in our everyday communication. Numerous factors that contribute to (un)responsiveness have been identified. Yet an integrated view of the factors that influence IM responsiveness remains absent. This paper reports qualitative findings from interviews with 46 IM users, and identifies five main elements underlying IM users’ response decisions: response habits, need fulfillment, perceived obligation, perceived readiness/suitability, and pace/rhythm coordination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first integrated view of the key elements underlying IM responsiveness. Among these elements, we particularly highlight that regarding the influence of contextual factors on IM responsiveness, what may matters more is IM users’ perceptions of their readiness and suitability of the contexts, rather than the contexts’ objective properties. We also uncovered pace/rhythm coordination as a crucial factor behind IM responsiveness, which has been little discussed in the literature. Responsiveness, as our findings show, was often not a consequence, but a manifestation, of users’ pursuit of specific responsiveness-related aims such as ongoing shaping and sustaining of a dyad's pace and rhythm. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Message passing

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Development and Initial Evaluation of a Digital Phenotype Collection System for Adolescents: Proof-of-Concept Study

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JMIR Formative Research 2024年 8卷 e59623页

作者： Cho, Minseo Park, Doeun Choo, Myounglee Kim, Jinwoo Han, Doug Hyun Human Computer Interaction Lab Department of Cognitive Science Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Human Computer Interaction Lab School of Business Yonsei University Seoul South Korea HAII Corp Seoul South Korea College of Medicine Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea

Background: The growing concern on adolescent mental health calls for proactive early detection and intervention strategies. There is a recognition of the link between digital phenotypes and mental health, drawing attention to their potential use. However, the process of collecting digital phenotype data presents challenges despite its promising prospects. Objective: This study aims to develop and validate system concepts for collecting adolescent digital phenotypes that effectively manage inherent challenges in the process. Methods: In a formative investigation (N=34), we observed adolescent self-recording behaviors and conducted interviews to develop design goals. These goals were then translated into system concepts, which included planners resembling interfaces, simplified data input with tags, visual reports on behaviors and moods, and supportive ecological momentary assessment (EMA) prompts. A proof-of-concept study was conducted over 2 weeks (n=16), using tools that simulated the concepts to record daily activities and complete EMA surveys. The effectiveness of the system was evaluated through semistructured interviews, supplemented by an analysis of the frequency of records and responses. Results: The interview findings revealed overall satisfaction with the system concepts, emphasizing strong support for self-recording. Participants consistently maintained daily records throughout the study period, with no missing data. They particularly valued the recording procedures that aligned well with their self-recording goal of time management, facilitated by the interface design and simplified recording procedures. Visualizations during recording and subsequent report viewing further enhanced engagement by identifying missing data and encouraging deeper self-reflection. The average EMA compliance reached 72%, attributed to a design that faithfully reflected adolescents’ lives, with surveys scheduled at convenient times and supportive messages tailored to their dai

关键词： adolescent mental health adolescents digital phenotyping ecological momentary assessment phenotype data phenotypes proof of concept qualitative research self-monitoring smartphone apps

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VAction: A Lightweight and Integrated VR Training System for Authentic Film-Shooting Experience 25

VAction: A Lightweight and Integrated VR Training System for...

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Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Shaocong Wang Che Qu Minjing Yu Chao Zhou Yuntao Wang Yu-Hui Wen Yuanchun Shi Yong-Jin Liu Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Film & TV Technology Department Beijing Film Academy Beijing Beijing China College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China Human Computer Interaction Technology and Intelligent Information Processing Laboratory Institute of Software Chinese Acadamy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Department of Computer science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713941

The film industry exerts significant economic and cultural influence, and its rapid development is contingent upon the expertise of industry professionals, underscoring the critical importance of film-shooting education. However, this process typically necessitates multiple practice in complex professional venues using expensive equipment, presenting a significant obstacle for ordinary learners who struggle to access such training environments. Despite VR technology has already shown its potential in education, existing research has not addressed the crucial learning component of replicating the shooting process. Moreover, the limited functionality of traditional controllers hinder the fulfillment of the educational requirements. Therefore, we developed VAction VR system, combining high-fidelity virtual environments with a custom-designed controller to simulate the real-world camera operation experience. The system's lightweight design ensures cost-effective and efficient deployment. Experiment results demonstrated that VAction significantly outperforms traditional methods in both practice effectiveness and user experience, indicating its potential and usefulness in film-shooting education. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Film Production Education

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FRESH-Printing of a Multi-actuator Biodegradable Robot Arm for Articulation and Grasping 12th

FRESH-Printing of a Multi-actuator Biodegradable Robot Arm f...

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Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2023

作者： Williamson, Avery S. Sun, Wenhuan Sukhnandan, Ravesh Coffin, Brian Majidi, Carmel Feinberg, Adam Yao, Lining Webster-Wood, Victoria A. Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15218 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15218 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15218 United States Human-Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15218 United States McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15218 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031388569

The recent popularity of soft robots for marine applications has established a need for the reliable fabrication of actuators that enable locomotion, articulation, and grasping in aquatic environments. These actuators should also reduce the negative impact on sensitive ecosystems by using biodegradable materials such as organic hydrogels. Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) printing can be used for additive manufacturing of small-scale biologically derived, marine-sourced hydraulic actuators by printing thin-wall structures out of sustainably sourced calcium-alginate hydrogels. However, controlling larger alginate robots with complex geometries and multiple actuation mechanisms remains challenging due to the reduced strength of such soft structures. For tethered hydrogel hydraulic robots, a direct interface with fluid lines is necessary for actuation, but the drag forces associated with tethered lines can quickly overcome the actuation force of distal and extremity structures. To overcome this challenge, in this study, we identify printing parameters and interface geometries to allow the working fluid to be channeled to distal components of FRESH-printed alginate robots and demonstrate a proof-of-concept biodegradable robotic arm for small object manipulation and grasping in marine environments. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Biodegradability

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A Toolbox of Feminist Wonder: Theories and methods that can make a difference 26

A Toolbox of Feminist Wonder: Theories and methods that can ...

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26th ACM Conference on computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, CSCW 2023

作者： Hansson, Karin Bardzell, Shaowen Bhandari, Aparajita Boulicault, Marion Doyle, Dylan Thomas Erete, Sheena Cerratto Pargman, Teresa Lazem, Shaimaa Muller, Michael Normark, Maria Petterson, Adrian Rosén, Anton Poikolainen Taylor, Alex S. Thomas, Jakita O. Watson, Julia Södertörn University The School of Natural Sciences Technology and Environmental Studies Sweden Georgia Institute of Technology The School of Interactive Computing United States Cornell University Department of Communication United States University of Edinburgh Department of Philosophy United States University of Colorado Boulder Department of Information Science United States University of Maryland College of Information United States Stockholm University The Department of Computer and Systems Sciences Sweden City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications The Informatics Research Institute Egypt Ibm Research Human Centered Ai United States Uppsala University Department of Informatics and Media Sweden University of Toronto Faculty of Information Canada Aalto University The School of Arts Design and Architecture Finland City University of London The Centre for Human Computer Interaction Design United Kingdom Auburn University Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering United States University of Toronto Department of Computer Science Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701290

This one-day hybrid workshop builds on previous feminist CSCW workshops to explore feminist theoretical and methodological approaches that have provided us with useful tools to see things differently and make space for change. Since its inception over a decade ago, feminist HCI has progressed from the margins to mainstream HCI, with numerous references in the literature. Feminist HCI has also evolved to incorporate other critical HCI practices such as Queer HCI, participatory design, and speculative design. While feminist approaches have grown in popularity and become mainstream, it is getting more difficult to distinguish the feminist emancipatory core from other attempts of developing and improving society in various ways. In this workshop, we therefore want to revisit our feminist roots, where theory is a liberatory and creative practice, motivated by affect, curiosity, and wonder. From this standpoint, we consider which of our feminist tools can make a significant difference today, in a highly datafied world. The goal of this workshop is to;1) create an inventory of feminist theories and concepts that have had an impact on our work as designers, educators, researchers, and activists;2) develop a feminist toolbox for the CSCW community to strengthen our feminist literacy. © 2023 Owner/Author.

关键词： Computation theory

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Unwritten Magic: Participatory Design of AI Dialogue to Empower Marginalized Voices 22

Unwritten Magic: Participatory Design of AI Dialogue to Empo...

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2nd ACM Conference on Information Technology for Social Good, GoodIT 2022

作者： Buddemeyer, Amanda Nwogu, Jennifer Solyst, Jaemarie Walker, Erin Nkrumah, Tara Ogan, Amy Hatley, Leshell Stewart, Angela School of Computing and Information Learning Research and Development Center University of Pittsburgh United States Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States Center for Gender Equity in Science and Technology Arizona State University United States Uplift Inc.

ISBN: (纸本)9781450392846

Language is an act of identity, but AI has no identity other than that which its creators assign it. Technology creators who do not fully consider how identity information is encoded in AI dialogue risk creating representational harms that negatively impact users' interactions with the technology, particularly young users from groups marginalized in STEM education. One solution is to engage young users in Participatory Design of dialogue, pushing power away from the researcher and toward the young users. This positions users as technology creators who understand AI language as a technosocial phenomenon and who have their own perspective about how identity is best portrayed in AI language. In this work in progress paper, we provide initial impressions from a Youth Advisory Group (YAG) with 12 middle-school-aged learners of color who are all female or non-binary. © 2022 Owner/Author.

关键词： Engineering education

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From Reader to Experiencer: Design and Evaluation of an Interactive Vr Story for Promoting the Situation Awareness of Public Health Threats

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhu, Qian Yuan, Linping Xu, Zian Yang, Leni Xia, Meng Wang, Zhuo Liang, Hai-Ning Ma, Xiaojuan The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong Carnegie Mellon University Human-Computer Interaction Institute PittsburghPA United States Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University Department of Computing Suzhou China

Informing people of health threats is crucial as they may lack situation awareness (SA) of risky situations when they do not have personal experiences or lessons learned from dangerous encounters. In this work, we explored the potential of using an interactive VR (Virtual Reality) story to raise people's SA of health risks. We first worked with seven participants to iteratively design the immersive story and summarized five design considerations. Then, we implemented the VR story with five design features referring to the design considerations. Using a between-subjects study (N=62), we evaluated the effects of the VR story on raising SA and investigated the role of each design feature. Our results show that the VR story can promote SA by enhancing people's connection to risky situations. Design features such as immersive visualizations, multiple perspectives, and embodied interactions contribute to this connection. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative findings, we discuss the implications of designing VR stories for promoting public health. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Virtual reality

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