This paper describes a novel method for the visualization of hierarchically structured information. The Tree-Map visualization technique makes 100% use of the available display space, mapping the full hierarchy onto a...
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An experiment was performed to examine predictions from Clark's contribution theory of discourse. Pairs were asked to use a text-based synchronous messaging system to solve a problem involving the layout of a bank...
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Creativity is frequently referred to as an important dynamic of design. However, over 50 years of empirical research has suggested that social influences have a detrimental effect on creativity in collaborating groups...
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Background Rare diseases can be difficult to diagnose due to limited patient data and broad genetic diversity. Despite the advances in variant prioritization tools, many rare disease cases remain undiagnosed. While la...
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Background Rare diseases can be difficult to diagnose due to limited patient data and broad genetic diversity. Despite the advances in variant prioritization tools, many rare disease cases remain undiagnosed. While large language models (LLMs) have performed well in medical exams, their accuracy in diagnosing rare genetic diseases has not yet been evaluated. Methods To identify causal genes for genetic diseases, we benchmarked various LLMs for gene prioritization. We employed multi-agent and human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) classification approaches to identify patient case groups based on phenotypes categorizing them into different levels of solvability. To address LLM limitations in ranking large gene sets, we used a divide-and-conquer strategy to break down the ranking task into smaller subsets. Mini-batching inputs and limiting the number of generated tokens improved efficiency. Results In its vanilla form, GPT-4 consistently outperformed the other LLMs with an accuracy around 30%. Multi-agent and HPO classification approaches aided us in distinguishing between confidently-solved and challenging cases. In addition, we observed bias towards well-studied genes and input order sensitivity which are drawbacks of LLMs in disease-causal gene prioritization. Our divide-and-conquer strategy enhanced accuracy by overcoming positional and gene frequency biases in literature. This framework, based on benchmarking insights and novel techniques, significantly optimizes the overall process when identifying disease-causal genes for genetic diseases when compared to our baseline evaluation, and thereby better enables the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Conclusions Using HPO classification and our novel multi-agent techniques, and our LLM divide-and-conquer strategy (1) highlighted the importance of accounting for differences in patient case solvability and (2) yielded improved performance in identifying causal genes for rare diseases when compare
Controlled experiments with novice treemap users and real data highlight the strengths of treemaps and provide direction/or improvement. Issues discussed include experimental results, layout algorithms, nesting offset...
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Three-dimensional objects in many applications domains, such as architecture and construction, can be extremely complex and can consist of a large number of components. However, many of these complex objects also cont...
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Analysis of volume datasets often involves peering inside the volume to understand internal structures. Traditional approaches involve removing part of the volume through slicing, but this can result in the loss of co...
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The human-computerinteraction community has long been concerned with design. Terms such as 'creativity' and 'innovation' are frequently used when referring to the design process and in this paper we e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595930256
The human-computerinteraction community has long been concerned with design. Terms such as 'creativity' and 'innovation' are frequently used when referring to the design process and in this paper we examine what creativity is with respect to design. Design is often a collaborative and, therefore, a social activity. We review the evolution of definitions of creativity, leading to our proposal of a unified definition, we present a theoretical account of why social creativity should in principle be more productive than individual creativity. We explain findings to the contrary in terms of three social influences on creativity and suggest that research in supporting design should focus on mitigating the effects of these social influences on the creativity of design teams. Copyright 2005 ACM.
The study explored touchscreen keyboards using high precision touchscreen strategies. Phase one evaluated three possible monitor positions: 30°, 45°, and 75° from horizontal. Results indicate that the 7...
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Numerous guidelines for making websites more accessible for older users have been proposed, but few provide evidence from such users for their recommendations This study investigated effects of line spacing and text j...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450324052
Numerous guidelines for making websites more accessible for older users have been proposed, but few provide evidence from such users for their recommendations This study investigated effects of line spacing and text justification on younger (24 - 31 years) and older (65 - 78 years) adults' performance and preferences in web reading tasks. The three levels of line spacing (single, 1.5, and double) and 2 types of text justification (left only and left-right) were studied. Neither variable had a significant effect on performance measures, although both younger and older adults preferred 1.5 or double spacing over single spacing. There were no significant differences in preferences for left versus left-right justification. These results suggest that contrary to common recommendations, 1.5 or double spacing should be recommended for all users, not only older users and that no recommendation is needed on text justification. Copyright 2013 ACM.
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