This paper describes an investigation of using interactive sonification (non-speech sound) to present geo-referenced statistical data to vision-impaired users for problem solving and decision making. By working with v...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)1595930027
This paper describes an investigation of using interactive sonification (non-speech sound) to present geo-referenced statistical data to vision-impaired users for problem solving and decision making. By working with vision-impaired users, the work will identify effective interaction and sound designs for geo-referenced data, and derive principles that can guide general interactive data sonification designs for auditory information seeking.
iSonic is an interactive sonification tool for vision impaired users to explore geo-referenced statistical data, such as population or crime rates by geographical regions. Users use a keyboard or a smooth surface touc...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)1595931597
iSonic is an interactive sonification tool for vision impaired users to explore geo-referenced statistical data, such as population or crime rates by geographical regions. Users use a keyboard or a smooth surface touchpad to interact with coordinated map and table views of the data. The integrated use of musical sounds and speech allows users to grasp the overall data trends and to explore the data to get more details. Scenarios of use are described.
Users can better understand complex data sets by combining insights from multiple coordinated visual displays that include relevant domain knowledge. When dealing with multidimensional data and clustering results, the...
详细信息
Software and product designers use card sorting to understand item groups and relationships. In the usability community, a common method of formal statistical analysis for open card sort data is hierarchical cluster a...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)094528926X
Software and product designers use card sorting to understand item groups and relationships. In the usability community, a common method of formal statistical analysis for open card sort data is hierarchical cluster analysis, which results in a tree of the items sorted into distinct, nested clusters. Hierarchical cluster analysis is appropriate for highly structured settings, like software menus. However, many situations call for softer clusters, such as designing websites where multiple pages link to the same target page. Factor analysis summarizes the categories created in card sorts and generates clusters that can overlap. This paper explains how to prepare card sort data for statistical analysis, describes the results of factor analysis and how to interpret them, and discusses when hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis are appropriate.
Over 64 million Americans used computers at work in 1997, and we estimate this number will grow to 90 million in 2012, including over 55 million spreadsheet and database users and 13 million self-reported programmers....
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)1595931317
Over 64 million Americans used computers at work in 1997, and we estimate this number will grow to 90 million in 2012, including over 55 million spreadsheet and database users and 13 million self-reported programmers. Existing characterizations of this end user population based on software usage provide minimal guidance on how to help end user programmers practice better software engineering. We describe an enhanced method of characterizing the end user population, based on categorizing end users according to the ways they represent abstractions. Since the use of abstraction can facilitate or impede achieving key software engineering goals (such as improving reusability and maintainability), this categorization promises an improved ability to highlight niches of end users with special software engineering capabilities or struggles. We have incorporated this approach into an in-progress survey of end user programming practices. Copyright ACM.
Speed dependent automatic zooming (SDAZ) is a promising refinement to scrolling in which documents are automatically zoomed-out as the scroll rate increases. By automatically zooming, the visual flow rate is reduced e...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)1581139985
Speed dependent automatic zooming (SDAZ) is a promising refinement to scrolling in which documents are automatically zoomed-out as the scroll rate increases. By automatically zooming, the visual flow rate is reduced enabling rapid scrolling without motion blur. In order to aid SDAZ calibration we theoretically and empirically scrutinise human factors of the speed/zoom relationship. We then compare user performance with four alternative text-document scrolling systems, two of which employ automatic zooming. One of these systems, which we term 'DDAZ', is based on van Wijk and Nuij's recent and important theory that calculates optimal pan/zoom paths between known locations in 2D space, van Wijk and Nuij suggested that their theory could be applied to scrolling, but did not implement or test their formulaic suggestions. Participants in our evaluation (n=27) completed scrolling tasks most rapidly when using SDAZ, followed by DDAZ, normal scrollbars, and traditional rate-based scrolling. Workload assessments and preferences strongly favoured SDAZ. We finish by examining issues for consideration in commercial deployments. Copyright 2005 ACM.
This paper describes a computer vision-based approach to body pose estimation. The algorithm can be executed in real-time and processes low resolution, monocular image sequences. A silhouette is extracted and matched ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)8090310079
This paper describes a computer vision-based approach to body pose estimation. The algorithm can be executed in real-time and processes low resolution, monocular image sequences. A silhouette is extracted and matched against a projection of a 16 DOF human body model. In addition, skin color is used to locate hands and head. No detailed human body model is needed. We evaluate the approach both quantitatively using synthetic image sequences and qualitatively on video test data of short presentations. The algorithm is developed with the aim of using it in the context of a meeting room where the poses of a presenter have to be estimated. The results can be applied in the domain of virtual environments. Copyright UNION Agency - science Press.
In spite of interest in developing robust open-microphone engagement techniques for mobile use and natural field contexts, there currently are no reliable techniques available. One problem is the lack of empirically-g...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)1595930280
In spite of interest in developing robust open-microphone engagement techniques for mobile use and natural field contexts, there currently are no reliable techniques available. One problem is the lack of empirically-grounded models as guidance for distinguishing how users' audio-visual activity actually differs systematically when addressing a computer versus human partner. In particular, existing techniques have not been designed to handle high levels of user self talk as a source of "noise," and they typically assume that a user is addressing the system only when facing it while speaking. In the present research, data were collected during two related studies in which adults aged 18-89 interacted multimodally using speech and pen with a simulated map system. Results revealed that people engaged in self talk prior to addressing the system over 30% of the time, with no decrease in younger adults' rate of self talk compared with elders. Speakers' amplitude was lower during 96% of their self talk, with a substantial 26 dBr amplitude separation observed between self-and system-directed speech. The magnitude of speaker's amplitude separation ranged from approximately 10-60 dBr and diminished with age, with 79% of the variance predictable simply by knowing a person's age. In contrast to the clear differentiation of intended addressee revealed by amplitude separation, gaze at the system was not a reliable indicator of speech directed to the system, with users looking at the system over 98% of the time during both self- and system-directed speech. Results of this research have implications for the design of more effective open-microphone engagement for mobile and pervasive systems. Copyright 2005 ACM Intended addressee, spoken amplitude, gaze, open-microphone engagement, user modeling, system adaptation, individual differences, universal access, multimodal interaction.
Software architects have techniques to deal with many quality attributes such as performance, reliability, and maintainability. Usability, however, has traditionally been concerned primarily with presentation and not ...
详细信息
The EM algorithm heavily relies on the interpretation of observations as incomplete data but it does not have any control on the uncertainty of missing data. To effectively reduce the uncertainty of missing data, we p...
详细信息
暂无评论