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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Hot methanol extraction for the analysis of volatile organic chemicals in subsurface core samples from Dover Air Force Base, Delaware

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1997年第1期17卷 104-121页

作者： Ball, WP Xia, G Durfee, DP Wilson, RD Brown, MJ Mackay, DM William P. Ball is an assistant professor in the Department of Geography and environmental engineering at Johns Hopkins University (313 Ames Hall 3400 N. Charles St. Baltimore MD 21218). His research interests are in the physical and chemical processes that control contaminant fate in aqueous systems both in the natural environment and in engineered processes of treatment and remediation. Recent work has included both laboratory and computer modeling studies related to contaminant fate and transport in subsurface environments. Ball holds M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in environmental engineering and science from Stanford University and a B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Virginia. He is a registered pro-fessional engineer in the state of Virginia. Guoshou Xia is a Ph.D. candidate at Johns Hopkins University He was previously a lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering at Southeast University in China. He received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Hefei University and his M.S. degree in environmental engineering from East China University of Chemical Technology. His current research interests are in the area ofsubsurface contaminant transport with emphasis on better understanding the nature of organic contaminant interactions with subsurface solids. Donald P. Durfee received his M.S. degree in environmental engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1993 and is currently a Ph.D. student at Johns Hopkins. He is studying contaminant fate and transport in the subsurface and is also interested in site characterization and remediation issues. Ryan D. Wilson is a research associate and Ph.D. student in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario. His research interests include field and modeling studies of semipassive remediation technologies and the behavior of gaseous tracers. Wilson received his B.Sc. in geology from the University of Alberta in 1987 and his M.Sc. in earth sciences (hydrogeology) from the University of Waterloo in 1993. Michael J. Br

The evaluation of contaminant concentrations in ground water and soil is an essential aspect of most hazardous waste remedial investigations. This paper describes methods applied toward obtaining, preserving, and analyzing subsurface samples for the determination of VOC concentrations in the saturated region of an unconfined coastal plain aquifer at Dover Air Force Base (DAFB), Delaware. The described protocol involved headspace-free subsampling of cores, field preservation of subsamples in methanol, and overnight extraction of the VOCs at elevated temperature (70 degrees C). Methanol-extracted compounds were subsequently transferred to hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography. The method was found to achieve quantitative extraction from the aquifer sands in a single step, although extraction from fine-grained and more strongly sorbing aquitard samples required multiple methanol extractions to achieve comparable recovery. An extensive set of DAFB results is presented as an indication of how these methods can be applied toward characterizing field-scale contamination with a high degree of resolution and accuracy. These data have enabled a quantitative estimate of the contaminant distribution at this site and offer valuable insight into processes of contaminant migration into the underlying aquitard. In these regards, the methods used are believed to have provided much more accurate results than could have been obtained using more commonly applied techniques.

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A hybrid quasi-ARMAX modeling scheme for identification and control of nonlinear systems

A hybrid quasi-ARMAX modeling scheme for identification and ...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Jinglu Hu K. Kumamaru K. Inoue Department of Control Engineering and Science Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0780335902

This paper proposes a hybrid quasi-ARMAX modeling and identification scheme for nonlinear systems. The idea is to incorporate a group of certain nonlinear nonparametric models (NNMs) into a linear ARMAX structure. Particular effort is made to find a better compromise to the trade-off between the model flexibility and the simplicity for estimation by using knowledge information efficiently. As the result, we obtain a model equipped with a linear ARMAX structure, flexibility and simplicity. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed hybrid model are examined by applying it to identification and control of nonlinear systems.

关键词： control system synthesis Nonlinear control systems Nonlinear systems Ear control engineering computer science systems engineering and theory control design Programmable control Adaptive control

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Robust Fault Detection Using Index of Kullback Discrimination Information

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1996年第1期29卷 6524-6529页

作者： K. Kumamaru J. Hu K. Inoue T. Söderström Department of Control Engineering and Science Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Iizuka 820 Fukuoka Japan. Department of Automatic Control and Systems Analysis Institute of Technology Uppsala University P.O.Box 27 Uppsala Sweden

This paper presents a robust fault detection system (FDS) for dynamic systems with unmodeled dynamics. In the FDS, umnodeled dynamics is first qualified as soft bound, which as well as model parameters are estimated using a robust identification algorithm. Then as a fault detection index, Kullback discrimination information (KDI) is derived into a feasible form and an index of umnodeled dynamics is also introduced. A decision making scheme is thus developed so that fault detection is carried out based on the KDI, the index of umnodeled dynamics and other prior information about the system.

关键词： Fault detection parameter identification stochastic modeling robust estimation uncertainty

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The Development Framework: work in progress towards a real-time control system design environment

The Development Framework: work in progress towards a real-t...

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IEE Colloquium on Advances in computer-Aided control System Design (Digest No: 1996/061)

作者： M.S. Hajji J.M. Bass A.R. Browne P. Schroder P.R. Croll P.J. Fleming Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield UK Department of Computer Science University of Sheffield UK

This paper describes work in progress on two extensions to the environment of a Development Framework for the design of control system software; hybrid system design and design of dependable systems. The Development Framework automatically converts a control engineering specification into a parallel implementation. Hybrid control systems are a combination of real-time control law and discrete-state logic. The Framework can be adapted so that it may handle discrete events such as mode switching. A statechart tool, Statemate [i-Logix95], is used to specify and model discrete-state components. The design phase of the Development Framework supports the integration of the two sets of specification. Initial work to support the design of dependable systems has included the implementation of an interface between the Framework design model and the dependability modelling tool, SURF-2. Stochastic Petri net models of selected fault-tolerant mechanisms are currently supported. The models enable sensitivity analysis and comparison of competing architectures.

关键词： Design automation control systems

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Digital adaptive control for space robot manipulator

Digital adaptive control for space robot manipulator

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International Conference on Industrial Electronics, control and Instrumentation

作者： J. Kobayashi E. Hino F. Ohkawa R. Katoh Department of Control Engineering and Science Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Iizuka Japan Department of Control Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu Japan

This paper deals with a digital adaptive control method for a manipulator mounted on a space robot after it captures an unknown object. Most control methods are based on the supposition that all physical parameters of the space robot are known. However, if the end-effector catches an unknown object, the physical parameters of the robot are changed, and the control performance deteriorates. In this paper, the authors propose two types of digital adaptive control algorithm using a discretized kinematic equation. computer simulation was used to make it clear that the control performance can be improved by using either of the proposed methods.

关键词： Adaptive control Orbital robotics Manipulators Space technology Communication system control Angular velocity control engineering computer simulation Space missions Parameter estimation

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HIGH PERFORMANCE control OF A CLASS OF 2-D LINEAR systems USING l-D control STRUCTURES

HIGH PERFORMANCE CONTROL OF A CLASS OF 2-D LINEAR SYSTEMS US...

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IEE Colloquium on Multi-Dimensional systems: Problems and Solutions

作者： E. Rogers D.H. Owens J. Wood Department of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton UK The Centre for Systems and Control Engineering School of Engineering University of Exeter UK

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Parallel Processing for Real-Time control: Algorithms Versus Architectures

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1996年第1期29卷 7302-7307页

作者： M.O. Tokhi M.A. Hossain Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering The University of Sheffield Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD UK. Department of Computer Science University of Dhaka Bangladesh

This paper presents an investigation into tne nature ot control algorithms in relation to that of the architectures for real-time applications so that a close match be forged between them. Several algorithms of regular and irregular nature are implemented on a number of architectures possessing different features. Partitioning and mapping of the algorithms, algorithm regularity and hardware and algorithm granularity are addressed in implementing the algorithms on parallel architectures. A comparison of the results of implementations is made to establish merits of the development of parallel architectures for real-time applications. Finally, the potential of heterogeneous architectures in real-time applications has been justified by the development of a three-node architecture and its performance verification in comparison to uni-processor and two-node homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures.

关键词： Heterogeneous architectures homogeneous architectures parallel processing real-time control

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Convergence Rates for Learning control Algorithms-A Repetitive Process Theory Approach

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1996年第1期29卷 5381-5386页

作者： N. Amann D.H. Owens E. Rogers Centre for Systems and Control Engineering School of Engineering University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QF UK Image Speech & Intelligent Systems Research Group Department of Electronics & Computer Science University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK

This paper presents significant new results on the stability and convergence properties of a general class of iterative learning control schemes derived using two-dimensional(2D) systems theory. These results apply for a general learning law which (explicitly) uses information from previous iterations or trials. A key feature of these results is that they are expressed in terms of standard linear systems theoretic properties, such as relative degree and the location of the zeros.

关键词： Learning algorithms control convergence analysis

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The Influence of Boundary Conditions on The Stability of Repetitive Processes Modelled as 2D Linear systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1996年第1期29卷 1599-1602页

作者： Eric Rogers David H Owens Image Speech & Intelligent Systems Research Group Department of Electronics & Computer Science University of Southampton Southampton S017 1BJ UK Centre for Systems and Control Engineering School of Engineering University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QF UK

Repetitive, or multipass, processes are uniquely characterized by a series of sweeps, or passes through a set of dynamics defined over the so-called pass length which is finite and constant. The unique systems theoretic/control problem is that the sequence of outputs, or pass profiles, can contain oscillations which increase in amplitutde in the pass to pass direction. These processes can be modelled as a class of quarter plane causal 2D linear systems and this paper shows that the boundary (or pass initial) conditions alone can destabilize them. Hence they must be 'adequately modelled' in a given application and it is the boundary conditions which essentially distinguish the dynamic behaviour of linear repetitive processes from other classes of 2D linear systems.

关键词： Multi-dimensional systems Stability Criteria Tests

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