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2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and Autonomous Systems, ICMLAS 2025

作者： Pokale, Komal Chaudhri, Shiv Nath Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Maharashtra India Department of Computer Science and Design Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505745

Fine-tuning a pre-trained model is a type of transfer learning: a pre-trained model that works on a large dataset is transferred onto a particular task or a smaller dataset, such as a hyperspectral image. The efficacy of such a technique is most visible in hyperspectral imaging since the data is usually too high-dimensional with a very scarce number of available annotated datasets. By using the pre-trained model, fine-tuning enables spatial and spectral features to be captured with lower computational overheads than fully training models. Domain adaptation approaches, including feature alignment and adversarial training, are also adapted to overcome limitations caused by the domain shift phenomenon due to the variability of the sensor, environmental changes, and temporal changes. Hyperspectral imaging is applied in diverse fields, including agriculture, environmental monitoring, mineral exploration, defense, medical diagnostics, and food quality assessment. Such applications are unique in the sense that HSI can integrate spatial and spectral information to achieve detailed material analysis. Advanced learning techniques will enhance the effectiveness of HSI models in real-world scenarios. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Photointerpretation

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Adaptive Treatment Planning via Multi-class Segmentation of GI Tract Tumours 6th

Adaptive Treatment Planning via Multi-class Segmentation of ...

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6th International conference on communication and computational technologies, ICCCT 2024

作者： Jain, Samyak Pal, Aarush Andrew, J. Maheshwari, Saatvik Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Department of Data Science and Computer Applications Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Karnataka Manipal576104 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819774258

This study addresses gastrointestinal cancer radiation therapy challenges by implementing advanced deep learning techniques. We focus on automating manual segmentation tasks during treatment planning to enhance efficiency and patient tolerance. Our methodology uses a diverse 3D MRI scan dataset to employ image analysis, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and Image Segmentation. The primary architectural choices involve the U-Net and InceptionResNetv2 models, contributing to developing a predictive segmentation model. This substantial result underscores the effectiveness of our approach in achieving accurate segmentations in the clinical setting. The overarching objective of our project is to automate the segmentation of the stomach and intestines in MRI scans, thereby streamlining radiation therapy planning for improved efficiency and patient care. In our evaluations, the implemented model demonstrates a commendable dice coefficient of 0.7, as indicated by metrics such as dice loss. Anticipated outcomes encompass reduced treatment times, enhanced patient comfort, and optimised tumour radiation doses while minimising healthy tissue exposure. The successful implementation of this advanced model holds the potential to revolutionise current radiation therapy practices, significantly elevating cancer treatment outcomes. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Question-Answering Pair Matching Based on Question Classification and Ensemble Sentence Embedding

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computer Systems science & Engineering 2023年第9期46卷 3471-3489页

作者： Jae-Seok Jang Hyuk-Yoon Kwon Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University of Science and TechnologySeoul01811Korea Department of Industrial Engineering/Graduate School of Data Science Seoul National University of Science and TechnologySeoul01811Korea

Question-answering(QA)models find answers to a given *** necessity of automatically finding answers is increasing because it is very important and challenging from the large-scale QA data *** this paper,we deal with the QA pair matching approach in QA models,which finds the most relevant question and its recommended answer for a given *** studies for the approach performed on the entire dataset or datasets within a category that the question writer manually *** contrast,we aim to automatically find the category to which the question belongs by employing the text classification model and to find the answer corresponding to the question within the *** to the text classification model,we can effectively reduce the search space for finding the answers to a given ***,the proposed model improves the accuracy of the QA matching model and significantly reduces the model inference ***,to improve the performance of finding similar sentences in each category,we present an ensemble embedding model for sentences,improving the performance compared to the individual embedding *** real-world QA data sets,we evaluate the performance of the proposed QA matching *** a result,the accuracy of our final ensemble embedding model based on the text classification model is 81.18%,which outperforms the existing models by 9.81%∼14.16%***,in terms of the model inference speed,our model is faster than the existing models by 2.61∼5.07 times due to the effective reduction of search spaces by the text classification model.

关键词： Question-answering text classification model data augmentation text embedding

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Addressing Healthcare-related Racial and LGBTQ+ Biases in Pretrained Language Models

Addressing Healthcare-related Racial and LGBTQ+ Biases in Pr...

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2024 Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2024

作者： Xie, Sean Hassanpour, Saeed Vosoughi, Soroush Department of Computer Science Dartmouth College United States Department of Biomedical Data Science Dartmouth College United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761193

Recent studies have highlighted the issue of Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) inadvertently propagating social stigmas and stereotypes, a critical concern given their widespread use. This is particularly problematic in sensitive areas like healthcare, where such biases could lead to detrimental outcomes. Our research addresses this by adapting two intrinsic bias benchmarks to quantify racial and LGBTQ+ biases in prevalent PLMs. We also empirically evaluate the effectiveness of various debiasing methods in mitigating these biases. Furthermore, we assess the impact of debiasing on both Natural Language Understanding and specific biomedical applications. Our findings reveal that while PLMs commonly exhibit healthcare-related racial and LGBTQ+ biases, the applied debiasing techniques successfully reduce these biases without compromising the models' performance in downstream tasks. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Graph Classification with GNNs: Optimisation, Representation & Inductive Bias 27

Graph Classification with GNNs: Optimisation, Representation...

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27th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2024

作者： Kumar, P. Krishna Ramaswamy, Harish G. Department of Computer Science & Engineering IIT Madras India Department of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence IIT Madras India

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685489

Theoretical studies on the representation power of GNNs have been centered around understanding the equivalence of GNNs, using WL-Tests for detecting graph isomorphism. In this paper, we argue that such equivalence ignores the accompanying optimization issues and does not provide a holistic view of the GNN learning process. We illustrate these gaps between representation and optimization with examples and experiments. We also explore the existence of an implicit inductive bias (e.g. fully connected networks prefer to learn low frequency functions in their input space) in GNNs, in the context of graph classification tasks. We further prove theoretically that the message-passing layers in the graph, have a tendency to search for either discriminative subgraphs, or a collection of discriminative nodes dispersed across the graph, depending on the different global pooling layers used. We empirically verify this bias through experiments over real-world and synthetic datasets. Finally, we show how our work can help in incorporating domain knowledge via attention based architectures, and can evince their capability to discriminate coherent subgraphs. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning for Enhanced Node Position Prediction in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks 4

A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning for Enhanced Node Po...

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4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information Systems, ICUIS 2024

作者： Nayomi, B.Deena Divya Jyothsna, V. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Andhra Pradesh Tirupati India Department of Data Science Andhra Pradesh Tirupati India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529635

This research study presents a thorough examination of the application of deep learning techniques in enhancing node position prediction within Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). As VANETs become increasingly integral to the development of intelligent transportation systems, accurate and efficient node position prediction emerges as a critical component for ensuring optimal network functionality, safety, and traffic management. This paper explores the performance and adaptability of multiple deep learning models in the dynamic and complicated VANET environment, such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We provide a detailed analysis of the existing literature, highlighting the strengths and limitations of different deep learning approaches in handling the high mobility, variable density, and recurrently changing topology of vehicular networks. Furthermore, the survey discusses the integration of contextual information, such as environmental factors and road conditions, into the prediction models, enhancing their accuracy and reliability. We also explore the implications of advanced methodologies like Transfer Learning and Federated Learning in this domain. In addition to providing insights into future research paths, the paper finishes with an assessment of the difficulties encountered in the practical application of these models, including data privacy and computing limits. The goal of this thorough investigation is to provide a roadmap for future developments in node location prediction in VANETs, making it an invaluable tool for scholars and professionals working in the subject of intelligent transportation systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Optimal score estimation via empirical Bayes smoothing 37

Optimal score estimation via empirical Bayes smoothing

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37th Annual Conference on Learning Theory, COLT 2024

作者： Wibisono, Andre Wu, Yihong Yang, Kaylee Yingxi Department of Computer Science Yale University United States Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale University United States

We study the problem of estimating the score function of an unknown probability distribution ρ∗ from n independent and identically distributed observations in d dimensions. Assuming that ρ∗ is subgaussian and has a Lipschitz-continuous score function s∗, we establish the optimal rate of Θ˜(n-2/d+4) for this estimation problem under the loss function ŝ - s∗2L2(ρ∗) that is commonly used in the score matching literature, highlighting the curse of dimensionality where sample complexity for accurate score estimation grows exponentially with the dimension d. Leveraging key insights in empirical Bayes theory as well as a new convergence rate of smoothed empirical distribution in Hellinger distance, we show that a regularized score estimator based on a Gaussian kernel attains this rate, shown optimal by a matching minimax lower bound. We also discuss extensions to estimating β-Hölder continuous scores with β ≤ 1, as well as the implication of our theory on the sample complexity of score-based generative models. © 2024 A. Wibisono, Y. Wu & K.Y. Yang.

关键词： Probability distributions

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A Tutorial on Federated Learning from Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Frameworks,Exemplary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： M.Victoria Luzón Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-Garrido Daniel Jiménez-López Jose M.Moyano Javier Del Ser Weiping Ding Francisco Herrera Department of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Communications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is imposed as a necessity,Federated learning(FL)emerges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing machine learning(ML)models in a distributed and decentralized *** allows ML models to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by malicious third *** paradigm has gained momentum in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to improve the efficiency of distributed learning and to accommodate numerous participants with their data *** virtue of FL,models can be learned from all such distributed data sources while preserving data *** aim of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on FL,including a short methodology and a systematic analysis of existing software ***,our tutorial provides exemplary cases of study from three complementary perspectives:i)Foundations of FL,describing the main components of FL,from key elements to FL categories;ii)Implementation guidelines and exemplary cases of study,by systematically examining the functionalities provided by existing software frameworks for FL deployment,devising a methodology to design a FL scenario,and providing exemplary cases of study with source code for different ML approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current FL *** ultimate purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of FL in practical applications.

关键词： data privacy distributed machine learning federated learning software frameworks

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The most tenuous group query

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Frontiers of computer science 2023年第2期17卷 197-208页

作者： Na LI Huaijie ZHU Wenhao LU Ningning CUI Wei LIU Jian YIN Jianliang XU Wang-Chien LEE School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing Guangzhou 510006China School of Artificial Intelligence Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Computer Science Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Computer Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityState College 19019USA

Rtecently a lot of works have been investigating to find the tenuous groups,i.e.,groups with few social interactions and weak relationships among members,for reviewer selection and psycho-educational group ***,the metrics(e.g.,k-triangle,k-line,and k-tenuity)used to measure the tenuity,require a suitable k value to be specified which is difficult for users without background ***,in this paper we formulate the most tenuous group(MTG)query in terms of the group distance and average group distance of a group measuring the tenuity to eliminate the influence of parameter k on the tenuity of the *** address the MTG problem,we first propose an exact algorithm,namely MTGVDIS,which takes priority to selecting those vertices whose vertex distance is large,to generate the result group,and also utilizes effective filtering and pruning *** MTGVDIS is not fast enough,we design an efficient exact algorithm,called MTG-VDGE,which exploits the degree metric to sort the vertexes and proposes a new combination order,namely degree and reverse based branch and bound(DRBB).MTG-VDGE gives priority to those vertices with small *** a large p,we further develop an approximation algorithm,namely MTG-VDLT,which discards candidate attendees with high degree to reduce the number of vertices to be *** experimental results on real datasets manifest that the proposed algorithms outperform existing approaches on both efficiency and group tenuity.

关键词： tenuous group pruning strategy social network group query

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Revisiting 30 years of the Network Time Protocol 24

Revisiting 30 years of the Network Time Protocol

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33rd Companion of the ACM World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2023

作者： Woo, Simon S. Computer Science and Engineering Department Applied Data Science Department Department of Artificial Intelligence Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701726

Since the inception of the Internet and WWW, providing the time among multiple nodes on the Internet has been one of the most critical challenges. David Mills is the pioneer to provide time on the Internet, inventing the Network Time Protocol (NTP), and synchronizing the clocks in computer systems. Now, the NTP is predominantly used on the Internet and WWW. In this paper, we revisit the NTP, and present the overview of the NTP. In particular, we highlight the advanced research effort, the SpaceNTP, to synchronize the clocks among assets and entities in space. The SpaceNTP designed for space environments will be the fundamental medium and enabling block to provide the future web services in space. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Web services

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