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Potential effects of a role-playing digital gaming learning system on the learning performance and motivation in a humanities course

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Interactive Learning Environments 2023年第8期31卷 5078-5091页

作者： Chin, Kai-Yi Chen, Yen-Lin Department of Data Science Soochow University Taipei City Taiwan Department of Computer Science Information Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei City Taiwan

Using digital learning content to realize learning in games is a rapidly-developing direction of interest for teachers and researchers. This study has developed a digital role-playing gaming system to review Social Studies course content to a fifth Grade class at an elementary school. It allows students to experience the historical storyline of Tamsui, located in the north of Taiwan, by playing the role of Dr. Mackay. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of the proposed system when applied to the reviewing activity of Humanities courses. The results of the post-test scores showed that the proposed system is not superior to the traditional teaching method which uses PowerPoint-based slides with the teacher’s oral instruction, but it still enhances their overall learning performance after the reviewing activity. Moreover, the results of the questionnaire survey showed that the students who reviewed by using the proposed system showed a higher learning motivation than those reviewing with the traditional teaching method. It is therefore concluded that our role-playing digital gaming system can be used to assist the teachers’ teaching activities, because it allows the students to complete their reviewing activity by themselves, and it effectively enhances their learning performances and motivation. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Digital game-based learning elementary education humanities course role-playing game technology-enhanced learning

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Detecting Cyber Bullying in the Social Media Using Deep Learning Algorithms 15th

Detecting Cyber Bullying in the Social Media Using Deep Lear...

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15th International Conference on Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition, SoCPaR 2023 and 14th World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing, NaBIC 2023

作者： Mridul, Aunik Hasan Ahsan, Nowreen Sultana, Zakia Asif, Asifuzzaman Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Data Science Clarkson University New York United States Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional University Punjab India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031810824

Cyberbullying is a pressing issue in the digital age, especially in non-English-speaking communities. This study focuses on using deep learning techniques to detect cyberbullying in the Bangla language. The research employs a Bangla dataset that includes both cyberbullying and non-cyberbullying text, which undergoes preprocessing, tokenization, and sequence transformation for input into a LSTM recurrent neural network. The LSTM model incorporates word embedding and dropout techniques to enhance its performance. Evaluation metrics like accuracy and AUC-ROC score are employed to assess the model's effectiveness. The study investigates many methods, such as vernacular-specific preparation and data augmenting, that are specifically designed for the identification of cyberbullying in the Bangla language. The findings demonstrate deep learning's capacity to identify cyberbullying in Bangla, which makes a significant contribution to resolving this problem in non-English settings. The research reveals impressive accuracy rates, with LSTM achieving 99.99% accuracy, and a different approach, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), yielding 99.022%. Ensemble models, including Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and Random Forest, are also employed and optimized using hyperparameter tuning. Notably, LSTM stands out as the most reliable classifier for cyberbullying detection, as confirmed by the experimental findings and recent research. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Random forests

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Cognitive Detection of Anomalies in Autonomous In-Vehicle Network Communication

Cognitive Detection of Anomalies in Autonomous In-Vehicle Ne...

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2024 International Conference on Advancements in Power, Communication and Intelligent Systems, APCI 2024

作者： Firasta, Suzen Srivastava, Yash Rahul Rao, Vidya Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Department of Data Science and Computer Applications Manipal India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363289

The research addresses the critical issue of detecting anomalies in autonomous in-vehicle network communication, focusing on the vulnerability of infotainment systems to denial-of-service attacks. The aim is to explore and compare traditional Machine Learning (ML) and advanced Deep Learning (DL) models for the detection of DoS attacks within Controller Area Network (CAN) communications. By evaluating the performance of various ML and DL algorithms, including Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, RandomForest, Feed Forward Neural Networks, and LSTM architectures, the study aims to enhance intrusion detection capabilities in vehicular communication systems. The significance of the research lies in identifying the advantages of DL methods in capturing complex patterns and temporal dependencies within the CAN network, thus contributing to fortifying the security of automotive networks against evolving threats. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed models in detecting and mitigating DoS attacks, with DL methods showing promise in automatic learning and adaptability to intricate network structures. This study provides valuable insights for future research endeavors aimed at enhancing the cybersecurity of autonomous vehicles. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Application of improved virtual sample and sparse representation in face recognition

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第4期8卷 1391-1402页

作者： Yongjun Zhang Zewei Wang Xuexue Zhang Zhongwei Cui Bob Zhang Jinrong Cui Lamin LJanneh College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina Big Data Science and Intelligent Engineering Research Institute Guizhou Education UniversityGuiyangChina School of Mathematics and Big Data Guizhou Education UniversityGuiyangChina Department of Computer and Information Science University of MacaoAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacaoChina School of Mathematics and Information South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina

Sparse representation plays an important role in the research of face *** a deformable sample classification task,face recognition is often used to test the performance of classification *** face recognition,differences in expression,angle,posture,and lighting conditions have become key factors that affect recognition ***,there may be significant differences between different image samples of the same face,which makes image classification very ***,how to build a robust virtual image representation becomes a vital *** solve the above problems,this paper proposes a novel image classification ***,to better retain the global features and contour information of the original sample,the algorithm uses an improved non‐linear image representation method to highlight the low‐intensity and high‐intensity pixels of the original training sample,thus generating a virtual ***,by the principle of sparse representation,the linear expression coefficients of the original sample and the virtual sample can be calculated,*** obtaining these two types of coefficients,calculate the distances between the original sample and the test sample and the distance between the virtual sample and the test *** two distances are converted into distance ***,a simple and effective weight fusion scheme is adopted to fuse the classification scores of the original image and the virtual *** fused score will determine the final classification *** experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other typical sparse representation classification methods.

关键词： representation sample image

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Provably Secure Efficient Key-Exchange Protocol for Intelligent Supply Line Surveillance in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 21784-21792页

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Alenazi, Mohammed J.F. Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu12599 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250353 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan 250353 China

Intelligent supply line surveillance is critical for modern smart grids. Smart sensors and gateway nodes are strategically deployed along supply lines to achieve intelligent surveillance. They collect data continuously and transmit it to the control centre in real-time. It enables real-time monitoring, fault detection, and efficient energy management across distribution networks. This advanced surveillance system ensures continuous monitoring of supply lines, detecting anomalies, and optimizing operations to maintain the stability and reliability of the smart grid. However, the reliance of all participating nodes on public communication channels to transmit supply line surveillance data exposes these systems to critical cyber attacks. These cyber attacks include impersonation, physical tampering, ephemeral secret leakage, and desynchronization attacks. To address these issues, existing key-exchange protocols often fail to ensure robust security while imposing high computation and communication overheads, limiting their practicality for resource-constrained environments. Therefore, we propose a secure and efficient key exchange and tamper-resistant authentication protocol using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). The PUF mechanism provides robust resistance against physical tampering and cloning attacks, ensuring enhanced physical security for supply line devices. We validate the security robustness of the devised protocol using the Random or Real (ROR) model. Furthermore, informal security analysis demonstrates the protocol's robustness in rigorously resisting various attacks, including physical tampering, impersonation, ephemeral secret leakage and desynchronization. Moreover, we determine the performance evaluation that reveals the protocol's superior efficiency compared to competing protocols, achieving significant reductions of 28.64% in computation overhead and 9.96% in communication overhead. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Dementia Disorder Analysis Using Optimized Deep ResiNet Based on Cognitive Approach 1st

Dementia Disorder Analysis Using Optimized Deep ResiNet Base...

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1st International Conference on data Engineering and Machine Intelligence, ICDEMI 2023

作者： Duraipandian, Kavitha Ambigapathy, Murugan Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Tamil Nadu Chennai600089 India Department of Data Science and Business Systems SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu Chennai603203 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819776153

Early warning signs of dementia may include memory loss, difficulty with problem-solving, confusion, changes in mood and behavior, and impaired communication skills. People impacted by dementia often make a loss on things, money, etc. In the social environment, the disease is considered as one of the serious issues. In order to correctly identify dementia, automated methods of diagnosis have grown essential. Conventional non-imaging components are capable of accurately identifying dementia as well as readily integrating the practice of medicine, despite the fact that neuro-images are currently fully utilized in the most recent technologies. To develop a powerful dementia screening tool, researchers combined machine learning with an enormous amount of non-imaging variables. In order to dramatically lessen the obstacles to employing the diagnostic tool, this project makes use of the predictive capability of non-imaging data. The suggested system was completely equipped to detect and evaluate cognitive signs associated with dementia using speech data, keystroke evaluation, and so on. The optimized Deep Residual Network (ODRN) is used to identify brain fluctuations, the sound information is subsequently analyzed with frequency extractors, and the voice pitch is further examined. A deep neural network is used to evaluate keystrokes while contrasting them to Kaggle data on odd stroke rates. On the ensemble method developed here, the system at hand has a precision of 96.66% performance. The overall processing delay of 52 s is achieved. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Does the Choice of Preferential Voting Method Matter? An Empirical Study Using Ranked Choice Elections in the United States

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Representation 2024年第1期60卷 1-16页

作者： McCune, David McCune, Lori William Jewell College Mathematics and Data Science Liberty United States Department of Mathematics Computer Science and Physics Missouri Western State University Saint Joseph MO United States

In an election which uses preference ballots, there exist many different voting methods for choosing a winner of the election given the voters’ preference data. We analyse the extent to which the choice of voting method matters in American ranked-choice elections. To this end, we compiled a database of over 200 American elections which used preference ballots and, for each election, calculated the winner under the methods of plurality, instant runoff voting, plurality runoff, Condorcet, Bucklin voting, and two versions of Borda count. We find that the choice of voting method matters less frequently than what is suggested by much of the theoretical literature. © 2022 McDougall Trust, London.

关键词： empirical results Ranked choice voting voting theory

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Granularity is crucial when applying differential privacy to text: An investigation for neural machine translation

Granularity is crucial when applying differential privacy to...

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2024 Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics, EMNLP 2024

作者： Vu, Doan Nam Long Igamberdiev, Timour Habernal, Ivan Trustworthy Human Language Technologies Germany Department of Computer Science Technical University of Darmstadt Germany Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security of the University Alliance Ruhr Faculty of Computer Science Ruhr University Bochum Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

Applying differential privacy (DP) by means of the DP-SGD algorithm to protect individual data points during training is becoming increasingly popular in NLP. However, the choice of granularity at which DP is applied is often neglected. For example, neural machine translation (NMT) typically operates on the sentence-level granularity. From the perspective of DP, this setup assumes that each sentence belongs to a single person and any two sentences in the training dataset are independent. This assumption is however violated in many real-world NMT datasets, e.g., those including dialogues. For proper application of DP we thus must shift from sentences to entire documents. In this paper, we investigate NMT at both the sentence and document levels, analyzing the privacy/utility trade-off for both scenarios, and evaluating the risks of not using the appropriate privacy granularity in terms of leaking personally identifiable information (PII). Our findings indicate that the document-level NMT system is more resistant to membership inference attacks, emphasizing the significance of using the appropriate granularity when working with DP. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Enhanced Identification of Care Preference Documentation in Patients’ Discharge Summaries Using Pre-trained Large Language Models 1

Enhanced Identification of Care Preference Documentation in ...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Medicine, Health and Care, AIMHC 2024

作者： Arora, Saksham Khayal, Inas S. Department of Computer Science Dartmouth College HanoverNH United States Dartmouth Institute & Biomedical Data Science Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Dept. of Computer Science Dartmouth College HanoverNH United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371987

Improving patient-centered care necessitates accurate documentation of care preferences, a crucial aspect often underrepresented in administrative data. Most studies apply care documentation to specific patient populations, rather than the more appropriately broad population of ‘seriously ill’ patients. This study addresses this gap, first by matching decedent patients to non-decedent counterparts by using propensity score matching, accounting for important variables like age, gender, primary diagnoses, and patient co-morbidities, and then by leveraging transformer-based machine learning models, exhibiting an improvement over traditional keyword-based search methods. We trained and fine-tuned Bio_ClinicalBERT and ClinicalLongformer models on a large dataset of patient discharge summaries, enhancing their signal-to-noise ratio by focusing on key textual aspects, thereby capturing contextually nuanced mentions of care preference documentation. These models demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity compared to industry-standard keyword-search methods, proving adept at interpreting complex clinical concepts. This study highlights the potential of transformer-based models specifically trained for clinical domain tasks. Our findings not only contribute to enhancing end-of-life communication and aligning treatment with patients’ care objectives but also pave the way for future research in this promising domain, with potential implications for improving patient care quality. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Large datasets

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Secure RFID-Assisted Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Cloud Computing Environment

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2024年第9期25卷 12528-12537页

作者： Saleem, Muhammad Asad Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Tariq, Tayyaba Alenazi, Mohammed J. F. Das, Ashok Kumar University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Institute for Cyber Security School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Chengdu610065 China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen518000 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500032 India

Vehicular network technology has made substantial advancements in recent years in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) has emerged as a novel paradigm with a substantial increase in data exchange within Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). VCC integrates cloud computing, vehicular networking, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. It enables Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle-to-Device (V2D) communication. VCC optimizes vehicle, cloud infrastructure, and IoT resources while addressing significant communication security and vehicle-user privacy challenges. To address these issues, we developed an RFID-based authentication protocol for VCC based on a Henon map using a hash function. In addition, we also incorporated a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) to resist physical tampering attacks. We validate the protocol's security formally and informally. The formal security analysis is conducted through a widely used RoR model. We use the Scyther simulation tool to verify the proposed protocol's security against various attacks. Moreover, we compare the performance of our protocol with similar existing protocols across important performance parameters such as communication and computation overheads and security attributes. The proposed protocol yields substantial improvements, demonstrating a 40.74% reduction in computation overhead and a 13.03% decrease in communication overhead as compared to related protocols, delivering both enhanced performance and resource efficiency. The analysis demonstrates its capacity to support secure communication in the VCC environment and satisfy desirable security attributes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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