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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liang, Jiaming Goergen Institute for Data Science Department of Computer Science University of Rochester RochesterNY14620 United States

This paper proposes a stochastic proximal point method to solve a stochastic convex composite optimization problem. High probability results in stochastic optimization typically hinge on restrictive assumptions on the stochastic gradient noise, for example, sub-Gaussian distributions. Assuming only weak conditions such as bounded variance of the stochastic gradient, this paper establishes a low sample complexity to obtain a high probability guarantee on the convergence of the proposed method. Additionally, a notable aspect of this work is the development of a subroutine to solve the proximal subproblem, which also serves as a novel technique for variance reduction. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Empowering Oral Healthcare: CNN-Assisted Diagnosis for Improved Patient Outcomes 2

Empowering Oral Healthcare: CNN-Assisted Diagnosis for Impro...

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2nd International Conference on data science and Information System, ICDSIS 2024

作者： Garrepalli, Vaishnavi Gupta, Vishwanath Abhishek, S. Anjali, T. Amrita School Of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Department Of Computer Science And Engineering Amritapuri India Verizon Data Services India Pvt Ltd Hyderabad India Rolls-Royce Inc Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381665

In today's world, health is very important, and among the many aspects of well-being, oral wellness is one of the crucial components. Diagnostic investigation in everyday clinical procedures primarily consists of reviewing periapical radiography, which visualizes dental anatomy such as teeth, bone, and soft tissues within the oral cavity. Nonetheless, subjective errors may arise during human interpretation of dental radiographs which also take a lot of time. Most of these dental X-rays have an important role in diagnosing various conditions like Implant, Fillings, Cavity, and Impacted teeth under accurate assessment of classification of dental radiographs. These imaging techniques can help dentists detect anomalies within the mouth through this diagnosis process. To improve the accuracy of diagnosis and reduce the costs of clinical operations, this study presents a novel approach that automates the detection of problematic teeth and other dental diseases using these x-ray images using CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) architecture VGG19 for making the right diagnosis choices. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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Large Language Models on Fine-grained Emotion Detection dataset with data Augmentation and Transfer Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Kaipeng Jing, Zhi Su, Yongye Han, Yikun School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University United States Department of Computer Science Purdue University United States Department of Statistics University of Michigan United States

This paper delves into enhancing the classification performance on the GoEmotions dataset, a large, manually annotated dataset for emotion detection in text. The primary goal of this paper is to address the challenges of detecting subtle emotions in text, a complex issue in Natural Language Processing (NLP) with significant practical applications. The findings offer valuable insights into addressing the challenges of emotion detection in text and suggest directions for future research, including the potential for a survey paper that synthesizes methods and performances across various datasets in this domain. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Large datasets

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Privacy-Preserving and Lightweight V2I and V2V Authentication Protocol Using Blockchain Technology

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第5期39卷 783-803页

作者： Muhammad Imran Ghafoor Awad Bin Naeem Biswaranjan Senapati Md.Sakiul Islam Sudman Satyabrata Pradhan Debabrata Das Friban Almeida Hesham A.Sakr Department of Engineering Pakistan Television CorporationLahore54501Pakistan Department of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and EconomicsMultan60000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Data Science Parker Hannifin CorpChicagoIL 60503USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of TexasArlingtonTX 76019USA General Motors WarrenMI 48092USA Department of Computer Science and Data Science ECOLABSAuroraIL 60503USA Lecturer at Communications and Electronics Department Nile Higher Institute for Engineering and TechnologyMansoura35111Egypt

The confidentiality of pseudonymous authentication and secure data transmission is essential for the protection of information and mitigating risks posed by compromised *** Internet of Vehicles has meaningful applications,enabling connected and autonomous vehicles to interact with infrastructure,sensors,computing nodes,humans,and fellow *** hoc networks play an essential role in enhancing driving efficiency and safety by reducing traffic congestion while adhering to cryptographic security *** paper introduces a privacy-preserving Vehicle-to-Infrastructure authentication,utilizing encryption and the Moore *** proposed approach enables a vehicle to deduce the planned itinerary of Roadside Units(RSUs)before embarking on a ***,the Certification Authority remains unaware of the specific route design,ensuring *** method involves transforming all Roadside Units(RSUs)in a region into a vector,allowing for instant authentication of a vehicle’s route using RSU ***-world performance evaluations affirm the effectiveness of the proposed model.

关键词： Vehicle-to-vehicle vehicle-to-infrastructure internet of things block chain technology

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Privacy-preserving Diploma Management System based on Blockchain

Privacy-preserving Diploma Management System based on Blockc...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)

作者： Wei-Tsung Su Yan-Lun Chen Po-Wei Tseng Yi-Xue Zhuang Department of Data Science Soochow University Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Aletheia University New Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350386844

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386851

In this paper, we proposed the privacy-preserving diploma management system (P 2 DMS) based on blockchain. Since the learning curve and cost are too high to operate a blockchain network, most schools outsource blockchain-based DMS. However, the challenges of outsourcing blockchain-based DMS include a lack of data privacy and man-in-the-middle attacks. P 2 DMS utilizes data encryption and digital signature algorithms to ensure data privacy and to prevent man-in-the- middle attacks while outsourcing blockchain-based DMS.

关键词： data privacy Costs Blockchains Outsourcing Encryption Digital signatures Consumer electronics

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Systematic review of methods to discern antagonistic ties in social networks in community settings

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Social sciences and Humanities Open 2024年 10卷

作者： Rodriguez de la Rosa, Ana Lucia Raygoza Cortez, Karina Lu, Alice Valentin, Bianka Ghasemian, Amir Christakis, Nicholas Yale Institute for Network Science Yale University Department of Sociology Department of Statistics and Data Science Department of Medicine Yale Institute for Network Science Yale University

Importance: Human social networks are naturally signed, including both positive and negative ties. However, the instruments for appraising negative ties are less established than those focusing on positive, friendly connections. An improved consensus on useable instruments could support the comparability, reliability, and validity of measures used to map social networks involving negative ties. Objective: This methodological systematic review summarizes and classifies “name generators” (NGs) used to identify negative ties, focusing on applications involving the ascertainment of face-to-face relationships in community settings, especially concerning health or wellbeing. Method: Following the PRISMA guideline, we searched seven databases with no restrictions. Two blinded reviewers participated in screening, appraisal, and evaluation, and two different reviewers resolved conflicts. Quality assessment was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We summarized study characteristics and the NGs by structure, properties, and methods. Findings: We screened 31,350 titles and abstracts. Between 1986 and 2021, 18 studies were identified. Ten publications investigated negative ties regarding well-being outcomes, and eight analyzed the association of negative relationships with physical/mental health. Most studies were rated at least “Good” quality (n = 17), and the majority used a single NG for negative ties (n = 11). We reviewed 33 negative NGs, of which the majority (n = 22) focused on the ego's experience of an alter (e.g., dislike), eight on describing an alter's trait (e.g., an “annoying person”), and three on a dyadic interaction as the tie (e.g., fighting). Most NGs were used to evaluate already nominated positive ties (n = 10). Conclusions: We observe little convergence in negative tie NG questions in community settings. Our results indicate eclectic instruments in the literature, making it difficult to evaluate what a negative tie means across diverse studies. Based o

关键词： Community social networks Name generators Negative ties Signed social networks Social network surveys

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Incentivizing Crowdsensing for DT-Enabled Metaverse 20th

Incentivizing Crowdsensing for DT-Enabled Metaverse

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20th IFIP WG 10.3 International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, NPC 2024

作者： Ye, Dongdong Huang, Xumin Wu, Yuan Kang, Jiawen Zhong, Weifeng Niyato, Dusit School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau Taipa China Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau Taipa China Collge of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9789819628292

Digital Twin (DT) has been proposed as a key enabling technology to produce a digital clone of the physical world and facilitate the convergence of the physical and virtual worlds for building a real-world Metaverse. For physical-virtual synchronization, crowdsensing is applied to employ Internet of Things (IoT) devices to sense physical objects and collect status information for timely updating the associated DTs. However, an incentive mechanism is necessitated to stimulate the devices to perform sensing tasks while meeting task requirements such as Age of Information (AoI) requirements. Thus, we adopt a contract theoretic approach to design an incentive mechanism for the devices that are classified into several types and the type parameters are unknown to others. The contract consists of a set of contract items with each contract item representing a device type, which specifies the required data updating frequency and monetary reward. We formulate an optimal contract design problem subject to feasible constraints including the average AoI requirement for each device type. Furthermore, we solve the problem by transforming it into a convex optimization problem that can be directly tackled by the existing methods. Finally, we provide numerical results to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our scheme. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2025.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Repeat After Me: Transformers are Better than State Space Models at Copying Transformers are Better than State Space Models at Copying 41

Repeat After Me: Transformers are Better than State Space Mo...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Jelassi, Samy Brandfonbrener, David Kakade, Sham M. Malach, Eran Harvard University Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications United States Harvard University Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence United States Harvard University Department of Computer Science and Statistics United States

Transformers are the dominant architecture for sequence modeling, but there is growing interest in models that use a fixed-size latent state that does not depend on the sequence length, which we refer to as "generalized state space models" (GSSMs). In this paper we show that while GSSMs are promising in terms of inference-time efficiency, they are limited compared to transformer models on tasks that require copying from the input context. We start with a theoretical analysis of the simple task of string copying and prove that a two layer transformer can copy strings of exponential length while GSSMs are fundamentally limited by their fixed-size latent state. Empirically, we find that transformers outperform GSSMs in terms of efficiency and generalization on synthetic tasks that require copying the context. Finally, we evaluate pretrained large language models and find that transformer models dramatically outperform state space models at copying and retrieving information from context. Taken together, these results suggest a fundamental gap between transformers and GSSMs on tasks of practical interest. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Distribution transformers

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If CLIP Could Talk: Understanding Vision-Language Model Representations Through Their Preferred Concept Descriptions

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Esfandiarpoor, Reza Menghini, Cristina Bach, Stephen H. Department of Computer Science Brown University United States Data Science Institute Brown University United States

Recent works often assume that Vision-Language Model (VLM) representations are based on visual attributes like shape. However, it is unclear to what extent VLMs prioritize this information to represent concepts. We propose Extract and Explore (EX2), a novel approach to characterize textual features that are important for VLMs. EX2 uses reinforcement learning to align a large language model with VLM preferences and generates descriptions that incorporate features that are important for the VLM. Then, we inspect the descriptions to identify features that contribute to VLM representations. Using EX2, we find that spurious descriptions have a major role in VLM representations despite providing no helpful information, e.g., Click to enlarge photo of CONCEPT. More importantly, among informative descriptions, VLMs rely significantly on non-visual attributes like habitat (e.g., North America) to represent visual concepts. Also, our analysis reveals that different VLMs prioritize different attributes in their representations. Overall, we show that VLMs do not simply match images to scene descriptions and that non-visual or even spurious descriptions significantly influence their representations. Code: https://***/BatsResearch/ex2 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual languages

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The Role of Blockchain Technology in Supply chain Management for data Security 3

The Role of Blockchain Technology in Supply chain Management...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Distributed Systems Security, ICBDS 2024

作者： Birari, Dipika R. Rathod, Vijay U. Dandavate, Aarti Shelke, Nilesh Kumar, Ranjit Kulkarni, Masira M. S Army Institute of Technology Department of Information Technology Pune India G H Raisoni College of Engineering and Management Department of Artificial Intelligent and Machine Learning Wagholi Pune India Dhole Patil College of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Pune India Symbiosis International Deemed University Symbiosis Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nagpur Campus Pune India Ajeenkya D Y Patil University Department of Computer Engineering Pune India G H Raisoni College of Engineering and Management Department of Cyber Security and Data Science Wagholi Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354348

In a traditional supply chain system, the process of producing raw materials so that a product may be delivered to a customer is a manual operation with insufficient data and transaction security. The entire process is time consuming and requires a lot of effort. The undivided process is generally ineffective and unreliable for consumers. The data security, authenticity, the inclusion of will significantly improve the time management and transaction procedures of conventional supply chain management systems. data is shielded from illegal access via the ground-breaking, decentralized technology known as blockchain. After smart contracts are put into place, the complete supply chain management (SCM) will be satisfied with the customer. When the mediator is contracted, which is possible in various ways, the plan becomes more reliable. This article places particular emphasis on lowering third party involvement in the supply chain system and enhancing data security. Conventional supply chain management techniques have several serious shortcomings. Some of them include a lack of traceability, difficulties maintaining product safety and quality, a failure to track and manage inventories in stores and warehouses, escalating supply chain costs, and so on. The reduction of third-party involvement in the supply chain system and the improvement of data security are the main goals of this article. This enhances process accessibility, effectiveness, and timeliness overall. They will feel safer throughout the payment procedure, which is the main benefit. Yet in this investigation, a smart contract and a peer-to-peer encrypted system were both used. There are a few additional features as well. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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