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An evaluation framework for energy aware buildings using statistical model checking

science China(Information sciences) 2012年第12期55卷 2694-2707页

作者： DAVID Alexandre LARSEN Kim G. MIKUIONIS Marius SKOU Arne Center for Embedded Software Systems Department of Computer ScienceAalborg University

Cyber-physical systems are to be found in numerous applications throughout *** principal barrier to develop trustworthy cyber-physical systems is the lack of expressive modelling and specification formalisms supported by efficient tools and *** overcome this barrier,we extend in this paper the modelling formalism of the tool UPPAAL-SMC to stochastic hybrid automata,thus providing the expressive power required for modelling complex cyber-physical *** application of Statistical Model Checking provides a highly scalable technique for analyzing performance properties of this formalisms.A particular kind of cyber-physical systems are Smart Grids which together with Intelligent,Energy Aware Buildings will play a major role in achieving an energy efficient society of the *** this paper we present a framework in UPPAAL-SMC for energy aware buildings allowing to evaluate the performance of proposed control strategies in terms of their induced comfort and energy profiles under varying environmental settings(***,user behavior etc.).To demonstrate the intended use and usefulness of our framework,we present an application to the Hybrid systems Verification Benchmark.

关键词： timed automata stochastic hybrid systems model checking statistical model checking performance evaluation energy consumption cyber physical systems smart grid energy aware buildings

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The Controllability, Observability, and Stability Analysis of a Class of Composite systems with Fractional Degree Generalized Frequency Variables

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第3期6卷 859-864页

作者： Cuihong Wang Yafei Zhao YangQuan Chen IEEE the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Shanxi Normal University the Mechatronics Embedded Systems and Automation(MESA) Lab

This paper is concerned with fundamental properties of a class of composite systems with fractional degree generalized frequency variables, including controllability, observability and stability. Firstly, some necessary and sufficient conditions are given to guarantee controllability and observability of such composite systems. Then we prove that the stability problem of such composite systems can be reduced to judging whether a fractional degree polynomial is stable. Finally, the stability analysis result is applied in the supervisory control of fractional-order multi-agent systems, and an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

关键词： Composite system controllability fractionalorder system observability stability

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Non-invasive brain stimulation-based sleep stage classification using transcranial infrared based electrocardiogram

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Neuroscience Informatics 2025年第2期5卷 100197-100197页

作者： Ramesh, Janjhyam Venkata Naga Quraishi, Aadam Aoudni, Yassine Mudhafar, Mustafa Nimma, Divya Bansal, Monika Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Guntur Andhra Pradesh 522302 India M.D. Research Intervention Treatment Institute Houston TX United States Computer & Embedded Systems Laboratory National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS) University of Sfax BP 1173 Sfax 3038 Tunisia Department of Medical Physics Faculty of Medical Applied Sciences University of Kerbala Karbala 56001 Iraq Department of Anesthesia Techniques and Intensive Care Al-Taff university college Kerbala 56001 Iraq Data Analyst in UMMC United States Department of Computer Science SSD Women's Institute of Technology Bathinda India

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial infrared (tNIR) stimulation, offer promising advancements in sleep monitoring and regulation. To enhance sleep stage classification without relying on traditional polysomnography (PSG) systems, we propose a novel approach integrating single-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, heart rate variability (HRV) features, and tNIR stimulation. The maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) is applied for multi-resolution analysis of ECG signals, followed by peak information extraction. Based on the first-order deviation of peak positions, multi-dimensional HRV features are extracted. To identify HRV features strongly associated with different sleep stages, we introduce a feature selection method combining the ReliefF algorithm and Gini index. The selected features are then processed using the INFO-ABC Logit Boost method to establish correlations between HRV dynamics and sleep stages. Experimental results on publicly available datasets demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an overall accuracy of 83.67%, a precision of 82.59%, a Kappa coefficient of 77.94%, and an F1-score of 82.97%. Compared with conventional sleep staging methods, our approach enhances sleep quality assessment and facilitates real-time, non-invasive monitoring in home and mobile healthcare settings, leveraging the potential of tNIR-based NIBS for sleep modulation. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： ECG Healthcare HRV Non-invasive brain stimulation tNIR

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Implementation and Analysis of Probabilistic Methods for Gate-Level Circuit Reliability Estimation

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2007年第S1期12卷 32-38页

作者：王真江建慧杨光 Key Laboratory of Embedded Systems and Service Computing Ministry of Education of Shanghai Department of Computer Science and Technology Tongji University

The development of VLSI technology results in the dramatically improvement of the performance of integrated circuits. However, it brings more challenges to the aspect of reliability. Integrated circuits become more susceptible to soft errors. Therefore, it is imperative to study the reliability of circuits under the soft error. This paper implements three probabilistic methods (two pass, error propagation probability, and probabilistic transfer matrix) for estimating gate-level circuit reliability on PC. The functions and performance of these methods are compared by experiments using ISCAS85 and 74-series circuits.

关键词： soft error soft error rate signal reliability failure probability reliability estimation

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A Chance Constrained Optimal Reserve Scheduling Approach for Economic Dispatch Considering Wind Penetration

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2017年第2期4卷 186-194页

作者： Yufei Tang Chao Luo Jun Yang Haibo He IEEE Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Institute for Sensing and Embedded Network Systems EngineeringFlorida Atlantic University School of Electrical Engineering Wuhan University Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Rhode Island

The volatile wind power generation brings a full spectrum of problems to power system operation and management, ranging from transient system frequency fluctuation to steady state supply and demand balancing issue. In this paper, a novel wind integrated power system day-ahead economic dispatch model, with the consideration of generation and reserve cost is modelled and investigated. The proposed problem is first formulated as a chance constrained stochastic nonlinear programming U+0028 CCSNLP U+0029, and then transformed into a deterministic nonlinear programming U+0028 NLP U+0029. To tackle this NLP problem, a three-stage framework consists of particle swarm optimization U+0028 PSO U+0029, sequential quadratic programming U+0028 SQP U+0029 and Monte Carlo simulation U+0028 MCS U+0029 is proposed. The PSO is employed to heuristically search the line power flow limits, which are used by the SQP as constraints to solve the NLP problem. Then the solution from SQP is verified on benchmark system by using MCS. Finally, the verified results are feedback to the PSO as fitness value to update the particles. Simulation study on IEEE 30-bus system with wind power penetration is carried out, and the results demonstrate that the proposed dispatch model could be effectively solved by the proposed three-stage approach. © 2017 Chinese Association of Automation.

关键词： Constrained optimization Economics Electric load flow Electric power generation Intelligent systems Monte Carlo methods Nonlinear programming Optimization Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Problem solving Quadratic programming Scheduling Stochastic systems Wind power

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Schizophrenia and causality in the context of refined clocks

Schizophrenia and causality in the context of refined clocks

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2011 14th Forum on Specification and Design Lanugage, FDL 2011

作者： Gemünde, Mike Brandt, Jens Schneider, Klaus Embedded Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9782953050448

Temporal refinement of synchronous programs is a desirable transformation in many design flows, in particular, to combine modules that work at different levels of abstraction. In synchronous languages, this refinement can be represented in the programs by means of sub-clocks. While this introduction leads to convenient temporal refinement techniques, it significantly complicates the classic causality and reincarnation problems that have to be handled in compilers for imperative synchronous languages. In this paper, we first generalize previous solutions to schizophrenia problems of determining and replicating affected code parts to multiple clocks. Second, our compilation algorithm extracts data dependencies between different clock domains and inserts explicit appropriate synchronization in the intermediate format. Finally, we illustrate the feasibility of our approach with the help of a running example and show the usage by a hardware translation. © 2011 ECSI.

关键词： Clocks

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Solving games using incremental induction

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10th International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods, IFM 2013

作者： Morgenstern, Andreas Gesell, Manuel Schneider, Klaus Embedded Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642386121

Recently, IC3 has been presented as a new algorithm for formal verification. Based on incremental induction, it is often much faster compared to otherwise used fixpoint-based model checking algorithms. In this paper, we use the idea of incremental induction for solving two-player concurrent games. While formal verification requires to prove that a given system satisfies a given specification, game solving aims at automatically synthesizing a system to satisfy the specification. This involves both universal (player 1) and existential quantification (player 2) over the formulas that represent state transitions. Hence, algorithms for solving games are usually implemented with BDD packages that offer both kinds of quantification. In this paper, we show how to compute a solution of games by using incremental induction. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Formal verification

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Data-flow analysis of extended finite state machines

Data-flow analysis of extended finite state machines

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International Conference on Application of Concurrency To System Design

作者： Bai, Yu Brandt, Jens Schneider, Klaus Embedded Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543871

In this paper, we present a static data-flow analysis for synchronous programs, which is used to improve the run-time efficiency of the generated code. Our optimization techniques are based on extended finite state machines (EFSMs) which are obtained by a translation from synchronous guarded actions. In order to avoid a potential state space explosion of that translation, the subsequent analysis does not necessarily consider monolithic EFSMs, but is able to cope with a set of concurrent EFSMs, where invariants of the individual parts are collected and shared. Experiments show the potential of the optimizations: optimized programs generally have a smaller size and a better run-time performance. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Data flow analysis

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Static data-flow analysis of synchronous programs

Static data-flow analysis of synchronous programs

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2009 7th IEEE-ACM International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design, MEMOCODE '09

作者： Brandt, Jens Schneider, Klaus Embedded Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424448067

Synchronous programming languages are well-suited for the design of safety-critical real-time embedded systems. However, the compilers and synthesis procedures are challenged by the synchronous programming paradigm and have to solve additional problems like causality and schizophrenia problems. Algorithms to solve these basic compilation problems have already become mature, but code optimization still lacks behind. Often, code optimization is left to the back-end tools like compilers for sequential software or hardware synthesis tools. In this paper, we develop a static analysis procedure to introduce code optimization techniques to synchronous languages. We develop specialized code optimization procedures that can be applied to all kinds of synchronous languages. Similar to the code optimization techniques used for the compilation of sequential software, our procedures are also based on a static data-flow analysis that is adapted to the synchronous programing model. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Static analysis

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Translating synchronous systems to data-flow process networks

Translating synchronous systems to data-flow process network...

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2011 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, PDCAT 2011

作者： Baudisch, Daniel Brandt, Jens Schneider, Klaus Department of Computer Science Embedded Systems Group University of Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545646

The synchronous model of computation (MoC) has been successfully used for the design of embedded systems having a local control like hardware circuits and single-threaded software, while its application to distributed parallel embedded systems is still a challenge. In contrast, other MoCs such as data-flow process networks (DPNs) directly match with these architectures. In this paper, we therefore present a translation of synchronous systems to data-flow process networks, thereby bridging the gap between synchronous and asynchronous MoCs. We use the resulting DPNs to generate CAL code for the OpenDF package, which offers important features for embedded system design. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Application programs

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