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Review of Steganography and Cryptography: Tools for Covert Communications

International Journal of Network Security 2025年第2期27卷 431-438页

作者： Fatima, Kanza Wu, Nan-I Chan, Chi-Shiang Hwang, Min-Shiang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University Taichung41354 Taiwan Department of Information Management Lunghwa University of Science and Technology Taiwan Department of Artificial intelligence Asia University Taiwan

In today’s rapidly evolving digital media landscape, safeguarding content privacy and preventing unauthorized access to copyrighted material are major challenges. Cryptography plays a crucial role in modern digital media security, providing the essential tools to protect the confidentiality, reliability, and genuineness of digital media information. This paper examines cryptographic and steganographic techniques employed for securing digital media content. It provides an overview of key cryptographic principles, including symmetric and asymmetric encryption. It also provides different branches of steganography. This paper also discusses different evaluation matrices for cover object quality. Overall, this research offers a comprehensive exploration of steganography, highlighting its importance as a flexible communication method in the digital age and its future scope. © (2025), (International Journal of Network Security). All rights reserved.

关键词： Information hiding

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Blockchain-Enabled Edge Computing Techniques for Advanced Video Surveillance in Autonomous Vehicles

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 1239-1255页

作者： Mohammad Tabrez Quasim Khair Ul Nisa Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computing and Information TechnologyUniversity of BishaBishaP.O.Box 551Saudi Arabia

The blockchain-based audiovisual transmission systems were built to create a distributed and flexible smart transport system(STS).This system lets customers,video creators,and service providers directly connect with each ***-based STS devices need a lot of computer power to change different video feed quality and forms into different versions and structures that meet the needs of different *** the other hand,existing blockchains can’t support live streaming because they take too long to process and don’t have enough computer *** amounts of video data being sent and analyzed put too much stress on networks for vehicles.A video surveillance method is suggested in this paper to improve the performance of the blockchain system’s data and lower the latency across the multiple access edge computing(MEC)*** integration of MEC and blockchain for video surveillance in autonomous vehicles(IMEC-BVS)framework has been *** deal with this problem,the joint optimization problem is shown using the actor-critical asynchronous advantage(ACAA)method and deep reinforcement training as a Markov Choice Progression(MCP).Simulation results show that the suggested method quickly converges and improves the performance of MEC and blockchain when used together for video surveillance in self-driving cars compared to other methods.

关键词： Blockchain multiple access edge computing video surveillance autonomous vehicles

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Exploration of Diffusion-Based Test Case Generation of Autonomous Driving Systems

Exploration of Diffusion-Based Test Case Generation of Auton...

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2025 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication, ICEIC 2025

作者： Lee, Joonwoo Uk-Jin Lee, Scott Hanyang University Major in Bio-Artificial Intelligence Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence Ansan Korea Republic of Hanyang University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ansan Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510756

Autonomous driving systems demand extensive testing to guarantee safety and reliability. However, real-world testing is often costly and limited in variety. This paper investigates the use of diffusion models to generate synthetic driving images as a means of augmenting test datasets for autonomous driving systems. Leveraging their capability to produce diverse and highly realistic images, diffusion models can simulate various driving conditions, including rare or challenging scenarios that are difficult to replicate. By incorporating these synthetic images into the testing pipeline, self-driving systems can be assessed across a wider range of conditions, enhancing their robustness and safety. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Autonomous Driving Diffusion Test Generation

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DGeC: Dynamically and Globally Enhanced Convolution

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on artificial intelligence 2025年第4期6卷 921-933页

作者： Zhang, Zihang Liu, Yuling Zhou, Zhili Yang, Gaobo Liao, Xin Wu, Q. M. Jonathan Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha410082 China Guangzhou University Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Guangzhou510006 China University of Windsor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WindsorON250101 Canada

We explore the reasons for the poorer feature extraction ability of vanilla convolution and discover that there mainly exist three key factors that restrict its representation capability, i.e., regular sampling, static aggregation, and limited receptive field. With the cost of extra parameters and computations, existing approaches merely alleviate part of the limitations. It drives us to seek a more lightweight operator to further improve the extracted image features. Through a closer examination of the convolution process, we discover that it is composed of two distinct interactions: spatial-wise interaction and channel-wise interaction. Based on this discovery, we decouple the convolutional blocks into these two interactions which not only reduces the parameters and computations but also enables a richer ensemble of interactions. Then, we propose the dynamically and globally enhanced convolution (DGeC), which includes several components as follows: a dynamic area perceptor block (DAP) that dynamically samples spatial cues, an adaptive global context block (AGC) that introduces the location-aware global image information, and a channel attention perceptor block (CAP) that merges different channel-wise features. The experiments on ImageNet for image classification and on COCO-2017 for object detection validate the effectiveness of DGeC. As a result, our proposed method consistently improves the performance with fewer parameters and computations. In particular, DGeC achieves a 3.1% improvement in top-1 accuracy on ImageNet dataset compared to ResNet50. Moreover, with Faster RCNN and RetinaNet, our DGeC-ResNet50 also consistently outperforms ResNet and ResNeXt. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Revolutionizing cardiovascular health: integrating deep learning techniques for predictive analysis of personal key indicators in heart disease

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第1期37卷 1-24页

作者： Talaat, Fatma M. Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering New Mansoura University Gamasa35712 Egypt

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a global burden, highlighting the need for innovative approaches for early detection and intervention. This study investigates the potential of deep learning, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to improve the prediction of heart disease risk using key personal health markers. Our approach revolutionizes traditional healthcare predictive modeling by integrating CNNs, which excel at uncovering subtle patterns and hidden interactions among various health indicators such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and lifestyle factors. To achieve this, we leverage advanced neural network architectures. The model utilizes embedding layers to transform categorical data into numerical representations, convolutional layers to extract spatial features, and dense layers to model complex interactions and predict CVD risk. Regularization techniques like dropout and batch normalization, along with hyperparameter optimization, enhance model generalizability and performance. Rigorous validation against conventional methods demonstrates the model’s superiority, with a significantly higher R2 value of 0.994. This achievement underscores the model’s potential as a valuable tool for clinicians in CVD prevention and management. The study also emphasizes the need for interpretability in deep learning models and addresses ethical considerations to ensure responsible implementation in clinical practice. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Blood pressure

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Personalized federated few-shot node classification

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 204-218页

作者： Yunfeng ZHAO Xintong HE Guoxian YU Jun WANG Yongqing ZHENG Carlotta DOMENICONI School of Software Shandong University Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research Shandong University Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Department of Computer Science George Mason University

Personalized federated learning(PFL) aims to train customized models for individual clients in a decentralized setting, with the account of non-independent and identically distributed data across clients. However, most PFL methods adopt uniform classification layers for diverse clients and give rise to error-prone predictions, due to the task heterogeneity notably prominent in decentralized graph data scenarios. Although some PFL solutions setup client-specific classification layers for each client and optimize them only locally, they are corrupted with limited local training data. We propose an innovative solution called federated parameter decoupling and node augmentation(Fed PANo) to address these problems and to achieve personalized federated few-shot node classification, which is a prevalent and challenging but unexplored topic. Specifically, Fed PANo first separates the local model into the GNN and classifier to handle unique client-specific task variations. The GNN is trained through federated learning to capture shared knowledge of graph nodes across clients, while the classifier is custom-designed and trained individually for each client. Additionally, a generic classifier shared among clients is adopted to encourage the GNN's grasp of shared information. Then Fed PANo further proposes the node generator along with its local and collaborative training strategies to deal with the node scarcity of clients. Extensive experimental results on benchmark datasets confirm that Fed PANo outperforms eight competitive baselines across different settings.

关键词： personalized federated learning few-shot learning node classification task heterogeneity parameter decoupling node augmentation

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Enhancing single-lead electrocardiogram arrhythmia detection with empirical mode decomposition

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-23页

作者： Issa, Mohamed F. Yousry, Ahmed Tuboly, Gergely Wang, Zeyu Zoltan, Juhasz Selim, Mazen M. AbuEl-Atta, Ahmed H. Department of Scientific Computing Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Benha13511 Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Benha13511 Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems University of Pannonia Veszprem8200 Hungary Department of Mechatronics Delta University for Science and Technology Gamasa35712 Egypt

Cardiac arrhythmias pose a significant challenge to health care, requiring accurate and reliable detection methods to enable early diagnosis and treatment. However, traditional ECG beat classification methods often lack robustness and fail to generalize effectively to diverse clinical scenarios, particularly when using single-lead-I recordings, which are less studied compared to lead II. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel method that combines deep learning and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for arrhythmia detection using single-lead-I ECG recordings obtained with electrodes on each hand. The hybrid model comprises 149 layers of one-dimensional convolution, max pooling, and residual blocks. By leveraging EMD, it classifies ECG beats into normal beats, premature ventricular contractions, and atrial premature beats with high sensitivity (99.86%, 99.72%, and 99.84%, respectively) using the first four intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The proposed method is applicable in clinical and out-of-hospital monitoring scenarios, and an accompanying web application provides real-time analysis and diagnostic results. This approach addresses a critical gap in lead-I ECG analysis, enhancing diagnostic precision and expanding the scope of ECG applications in health care. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Empirical mode decomposition

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Real-Time Driver Alertness Assessment Using Neural Networks

Real-Time Driver Alertness Assessment Using Neural Networks

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Yoga, M. Ramyasri, M.M. Lokitha, R. Jane Karunya, J. Jeeva, N. Kokila, M.M. Kongu Engineering College Department of Artificial Intelligence Tamilnadu India Nandha Engineering College Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Tamilnadu India

ISBN: (数字)9798331509828

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

Drivers have profited significantly from developments in computer technology with the introduction of intelligent car systems. However, driver weariness is a key contributing cause to many car accidents. This research suggests an intelligent system for detecting driver tiredness based on vision, employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) to capture latent facial traits rather than relying on hand-engineered features like blink rate, eye closure, and yawning. The driver is classified as either sleepy or not by a softmax layer, which enables the system to alert the driver and avoid collisions. The proposed approach relies on extracting features from driver photos using a CNN and assessing eye states and facial expressions to reliably identify tiredness. The algorithm's excellent accuracy in identifying sleepy states is demonstrated by the results, underscoring its potential to improve road safety and lower the number of accidents caused by fatigued drivers. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Groundwater Level Forecasting using Spatio-temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) and XGBoost 6

Groundwater Level Forecasting using Spatio-temporal Graph Co...

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6th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics, ICMCSI 2025

作者： Naga Satish, G. Jadala, Vijaya Chandra Sravani, Kolisetti Giridhara Allam, Sangeetha Shanmuga Sundari, M. Thada, Jyothirmai BVRIT HYDERABAD College of Engineering for Women Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence SR University Warangal506371 India Department of AIML Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering And Technology Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522667

This research analyzes groundwater levels across multiple districts using data from over 100 observation wells in each district. To capture seasonal variations and predict groundwater behavior, this research has developed three models: periodic, polynomial, and rainfall-based. The periodic and polynomial models describe groundwater level fluctuations based on historical well data, while the rainfall model assesses the influence of precipitation on water levels in the wells. In addition, this research explores advanced predictive techniques by incorporating Spatio-temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) and XGBoost. These methods enable a more nuanced understanding of spatio-temporal dependencies and improve predictive accuracy by leveraging both spatial relationships among wells and the temporal evolution of groundwater levels. The integration of traditional models with machine learning techniques aims to enhance groundwater management and inform decision-making. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Rain

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LesionAid: vision transformers-based skin lesion generation and classification – A practical review

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-22页

作者： K, Mallikharjuna Rao Krishna, Ghanta Sai Supriya, Kundrapu Sorgile, Meetiksha Data Science and Artificial Intelligence International Institute of Information Technology Naya Raipur India Computer Science and Engineering International Institute of Information Technology Naya Raipur India

Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of human cancer. It is recognized mainly visually, beginning with clinical screening and continuing with the dermoscopic examination, histological assessment, and specimen collection. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) perform highly segregated and potentially universal tasks against a classified fine-grained object. This study suggests a novel multi-class prediction framework that uses ViT and ViTGAN to categories skin lesions. To address the class disparity, GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) based on vision transformers are used. The framework comprises four main phases: ViTGANs, Image processing, and explainable AI. Phase 1 consists of generating synthetic images using ViTGAN to balance all the classes in the dataset. To enhance the amount of the data, the second phase involves using various morphological processes and data augmentation techniques. In phases three and four, a ViT model for edge computing systems that can recognize patterns and classify skin lesions from the user's skin that is visible in the picture is developed. In phase 3, after classifying the lesions into the desired class with ViT, we will use explainable AI (XAI) that leads to more explainable results (using activation maps, etc.) while ensuring high predictive accuracy. The results demonstrate that the model used for generating synthetic images has achieved an FID score of 13.32 and the ViT model has achieved 99.2% as its training accuracy and 97.4% as its validation accuracy. The whole framework is compared with the existing frameworks for skin lesion detection. And explainable AI (XAI) is used in the proposed framework in order to increase model transparency and boost trust among users by illustrating the main factors affecting predictions. This interpretability helps physicians in making more informed decisions by providing clear insights into the model's reasoning. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Bu

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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