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An Overview of LoRa Localization Technologies

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 1645-1680页

作者： Huajiang Ruan Panjun Sun Yuanyuan Dong Hamid Tahaei Zhaoxi Fang Institute of Artificial Intelligence Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringShaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China

Traditional Global Positioning System(GPS)technology,with its high power consumption and limited perfor-mance in obstructed environments,is unsuitable for many Internet of Things(IoT)*** paper explores LoRa as an alternative localization technology,leveraging its low power consumption,robust indoor penetration,and extensive coverage area,which render it highly suitable for diverse IoT *** comprehensively review several LoRa-based localization techniques,including time of arrival(ToA),time difference of arrival(TDoA),round trip time(RTT),received signal strength indicator(RSSI),and fingerprinting *** this review,we evaluate the strengths and limitations of each technique and investigate hybrid models to potentially improve positioning *** studies in smart cities,agriculture,and logistics exemplify the versatility of LoRa for indoor and outdoor *** findings demonstrate that LoRa technology not only overcomes the limitations of GPS regarding power consumption and coverage but also enhances the scalability and efficiency of IoT deployments in complex environments.

关键词： LoRa localization IoT TDoA RSSI application hybrid models

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GPS: graph contrastive learning via multi-scale augmented views from adversarial pooling

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 145-158页

作者： Wei JU Yiyang GU Zhengyang MAO Ziyue QIAO Yifang QIN Xiao LUO Hui XIONG Ming ZHANG School of Computer Science National Key Laboratory for Multimedia Information ProcessingPeking University Artificial Intelligence Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science University of California

Self-supervised graph representation learning has recently shown considerable promise in a range of fields, including bioinformatics and social networks. A large number of graph contrastive learning approaches have shown promising performance for representation learning on graphs, which train models by maximizing agreement between original graphs and their augmented views(i.e., positive views). Unfortunately, these methods usually involve pre-defined augmentation strategies based on the knowledge of human experts. Moreover, these strategies may fail to generate challenging positive views to provide sufficient supervision signals. In this paper, we present a novel approach named graph pooling contrast(GPS) to address these *** by the fact that graph pooling can adaptively coarsen the graph with the removal of redundancy, we rethink graph pooling and leverage it to automatically generate multi-scale positive views with varying emphasis on providing challenging positives and preserving semantics, i.e., strongly-augmented view and weakly-augmented view. Then, we incorporate both views into a joint contrastive learning framework with similarity learning and consistency learning, where our pooling module is adversarially trained with respect to the encoder for adversarial robustness. Experiments on twelve datasets on both graph classification and transfer learning tasks verify the superiority of the proposed method over its counterparts.

关键词： graph representation learning graph neural networks graph contrastive learning graph augmentations graph pooling

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Advancing Alzheimer’s detection: integrative approaches in MRI analysis with traditional and deep learning models

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第14期37卷 8527-8546页

作者： Vanaja, T. Shanmugavadivel, Kogilavani Subramanian, Malliga Kanimozhiselvi, C.S. Department of Artificial Intelligence Kongu Engineering College Tamil Nadu Erode India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kongu Engineering College Tamil Nadu Erode India

Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory impairment, and behavioral changes. The critical need for early detection to enable timely intervention and personalized care is emphasized by the current lack of effective treatments. This study aims to develop precise diagnostic models for AD by employing machine learning and a customized deep-convolutional neural network (cDCNN) with three convolution layers, utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. Methods involve analyzing two distinct datasets—Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Kaggle—to explore diverse cohorts and imaging features associated with AD pathology. To address class imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) is applied across both datasets. A range of traditional machine learning methods, including support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, decision trees, and XGBoost classifier, are evaluated alongside the cDCNN model, which leverages key MRI biomarkers of AD for both datasets. Results show the cDCNN model achieved a specific accuracy of 87% on the ADNI dataset, despite challenges in converting ADNI’s Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files to JPEG, impacting image clarity. Conclusions suggest that this research provides critical diagnostic tools for clinicians, offering insights into AD pathology and contributing to the alleviation of AD’s societal impact. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Task offloading delay minimization in vehicular edge computing based on vehicle trajectory prediction

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 537-546页

作者： Feng Zeng Zheng Zhang Jinsong Wu School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China School of Artificial Intelligence Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541000China The Department of Computer Science Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile

In task offloading,the movement of vehicles causes the switching of connected RSUs and servers,which may lead to task offloading failure or high service *** this paper,we analyze the impact of vehicle movements on task offloading and reveal that data preparation time for task execution can be minimized via forward-looking ***,a Bi-LSTM-based model is proposed to predict the trajectories of *** service area is divided into several equal-sized *** the actual position of the vehicle and the predicted position by the model belong to the same grid,the prediction is considered correct,thereby reducing the difficulty of vehicle trajectory ***,we propose a scheduling strategy for delay optimization based on the vehicle trajectory *** the inevitable prediction error,we take some edge servers around the predicted area as candidate execution servers and the data required for task execution are backed up to these candidate servers,thereby reducing the impact of prediction deviations on task offloading and converting the modest increase of resource overheads into delay reduction in task *** results show that,compared with other classical schemes,the proposed strategy has lower average task offloading delays.

关键词： Vehicular edge computing Task offloading Vehicle trajectory prediction Delay minimization Bi-LSTM model

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Efficient Multimodal Selection for Retrieval in Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2025年第6期35卷 5195-5207页

作者： Luo, Linyin Lai, Hanjiang Pan, Yan Yin, Jian Sun Yat-Sen University School of Computer Science and Engineering China School of Artificial Intelligence China

Retrieval plays an important role in knowledge-based visual question answering (KB-VQA), which relies on external knowledge to answer questions related to an image. However, not all information in the external knowledge is beneficial in retrieval, e.g., the knowledge that is only semantically similar to the query but is not useful for question answering. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval, in this paper, we propose efficient multimodal selection to filter out irrelevant information and increase the retriever performance for KB-VQA. First, to exclude most irrelevant knowledge from the large external knowledge, multimodal selection uses a query-aware sample selection method, which uses the pretrained answer generator's prediction to obtain better positive and negative training samples to help retrievers distinguish knowledge that is semantically relevant to the multimodal query. Then, question-aware visual feature selection is proposed to select the distinguishable visual information related to the question: where cross-attention to questions and images is proposed to obtain question-aware visual features. These visual features are used to perform fine-grained multimodal retrieval within the small set to obtain the final top-related knowledge. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art retrieval performance on the OK-VQA and FVQA datasets, indicating the effectiveness of our selection strategy for retrieval. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Question answering

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Secure container Orchestration: A framework for detecting and mitigating Orchestrator - level vulnerabilities

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第17期84卷 1-21页

作者： Mahavaishnavi, V. Saminathan, R. Prithviraj, R. Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Panimalar Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai600123 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Annamalai University Chidambaram India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Annamalai University Chidambaram India

This paper presents Secure Orchestration, a novel framework meticulously planned to uphold rigorous security measures over the profound security concerns that lie within the container orchestration platforms, especially in Kubernetes. The widespread adoption of containerized environments has raised concerns about the vulnerabilities at the level of the orchestrator. Secure Orchestration delivers a comprehensive approach by leveraging cutting-edge methods to detect and prevent the exposure of vulnerabilities from orchestrator misconfigurations, privilege escalation exploits that can thwart the orchestration security layer, and unauthorized access attempts targeting the orchestration system itself. In addition, it is further strengthened by deploying an Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS), which is responsible for actively monitoring the orchestration infrastructure. The IDPS utilizes sophisticated algorithms and mechanisms for detecting anomalies to continuously assess the orchestration environment for indications of intrusion, vulnerabilities, and anomalous activities. By using this proactive approach, the framework is able to rapidly identify potential threats and respond through countermeasures in a timely manner, thus greatly reducing the risks associated with orchestrator level vulnerabilities. Conducting a set of real-world experiments that closely simulate a variety of threat scenarios is imperative for empirically validating the efficiency of this framework. The obtained empirical results yield insightful revelations on the efficacy of the framework in accurately identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities, thereby ensuring the privacy and integrity of container orchestration systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Containers

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CoverGAN: cover photo generation from text story using layout guided GAN

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Soft Computing 2025年第1期29卷 405-423页

作者： Cheema, Adeel Naeem, M. Asif Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad Pakistan

Generating cover photos from story text is a non trivial challenge to solve. Existing approaches focus on generating only images from given text prompt. To the best of our knowledge, non of these approaches focus on generating cover photos from a text story. The paper addresses this issue by introducing multi-object image generation with text title from a text story. We split the problem into three steps:- understanding semantics of text story, predicting layout of objects, and generating a cover photo. At start, a semantic relation was encoded between text story objects using a Scene graph, then features from graph neural network were concatenated with single object features from scene graph to create an object layout. All of these features were then passed on to the image generating part. Image generation was further divided into two phases. In the first phase, the image is generated using a scene graph image generation model. While in the second phase, the results of first phase were further enhanced using image translation model conditioned on the object layout. In final phase we generated title of the given story based on generated image. In our experiments, we used custom dataset of text stories with three animal categories along with the COCO dataset. For the image generating part, we evaluated our approach with state of the art models known as scene_gen and sg2im. Our method generated high-resolution informative cover photo with story title by positioning the objects at right locations as specified in the text story. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Image enhancement with intensity transformation on embedding space

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CAAI Transactions on intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 101-115页

作者： Hanul Kim Yeji Jeon Yeong Jun Koh Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea

In recent times,an image enhancement approach,which learns the global transformation function using deep neural networks,has gained ***,many existing methods based on this approach have a limitation:their transformation functions are too simple to imitate complex colour transformations between low-quality images and manually retouched high-quality *** order to address this limitation,a simple yet effective approach for image enhancement is *** proposed algorithm based on the channel-wise intensity transformation is ***,this transformation is applied to the learnt embedding space instead of specific colour spaces and then return enhanced features to *** this end,the authors define the continuous intensity transformation(CIT)to describe the mapping between input and output intensities on the embedding ***,the enhancement network is developed,which produces multi-scale feature maps from input images,derives the set of transformation functions,and performs the CIT to obtain enhanced *** experiments on the MIT-Adobe 5K dataset demonstrate that the authors’approach improves the performance of conventional intensity transforms on colour space ***,the authors achieved a 3.8%improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio,a 1.8%improvement in structual similarity index measure,and a 27.5%improvement in learned perceptual image patch ***,the authors’algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives on three image enhancement datasets:MIT-Adobe 5K,Low-Light,and Google HDRþ.

关键词： computer vision deep learning image enhancement image processing

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Formal Verification of Data Modifications in Cloud Block Storage Based on Separation Logic

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 112-127页

作者： Bowen ZHANG Zhao JIN Hanpin WANG Yongzhi CAO Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (MOE) School of Computer Science Peking University School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou University School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering Guangzhou University

Cloud storage is now widely used, but its reliability has always been a major concern. Cloud block storage(CBS) is a famous type of cloud storage. It has the closest architecture to the underlying storage and can provide interfaces for other types. Data modifications in CBS have potential risks such as null reference or data *** verification of these operations can improve the reliability of CBS to some extent. Although separation logic is a mainstream approach to verifying program correctness, the complex architecture of CBS creates some challenges for verifications. This paper develops a proof system based on separation logic for verifying the CBS data modifications. The proof system can represent the CBS architecture, describe the properties of the CBS system state, and specify the behavior of CBS data modifications. Using the interactive verification approach from Coq, the proof system is implemented as a verification tool. With this tool, the paper builds machine-checked proofs for the functional correctness of CBS data modifications. This work can thus analyze the reliability of cloud storage from a formal perspective.

关键词： Formal verification Separation logic Cloud block storage Verification tool Coq

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An optimized ensemble model based on meta-heuristic algorithms for effective detection and classification of breast tumors

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4881-4894页

作者： Saber, Abeer Elbedwehy, Samar Awad, Wael A. Hassan, Esraa Information Technology Department Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Damietta University Damietta34517 Egypt Department of Data Science Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33511 Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Damietta University Damietta34517 Egypt Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33511 Egypt

One of the most common cancers among women worldwide is breast cancer (BC), and early diagnosis can save lives. Early detection of BC increases the likelihood of a successful outcome by enabling treatment to start sooner. Even in areas without access to a specialist physician, machine learning (ML) aids in early BC detection. The medical imaging community is becoming more interested in using ML, and deep learning (DL) to increase the accuracy of cancer screening. Many disease-related data are sparse. However, for DL models to perform well, a large amount of data is required. Because of this, the DL models that are currently in use on medical images are not as effective as they could be. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models have recently gained popularity in the medical industry, and they perform admirably in terms of high performance and robustness at image classification. The proposed method classifies data using ensemble pre-trained models such as the dense convolutional network (DenseNet)-121 and EfficientNet-B5 feature extractor networks, as well as the support vector machine for classification. Using a modified meta-heuristic optimizer, the selected pre-trained CNN hyperparameters were optimized to improve the performance. The experimental results for the presented model on the INbreast dataset show that the EfficientNet-B5 model is effective for BC classification, with overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.1%, 1.0, respectively. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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