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FA-FENet: A Feature Attention Front-End Network Based on a Lightweight CNN Architecture for Recognizing Abnormal Underwater Illegal Fishing Behavior

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 87753-87776页

作者： Huang, Xiang-Rui Chen, Liang-Bi National Penghu University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Penghu880011 Taiwan National Penghu University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Penghu880011 Taiwan

In the past decade, studies on illegal fishing have neglected to consider illegal underwater fishing. Traditionally, supervisor-based methods have been used to manually interpret underwater behavior;however, existing artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) methods are not applicable to illegal underwater fishing. Therefore, in this study, we used a computer vision AI method to perform the challenging task of illegal underwater fishing image recognition. Illegal underwater fishing images have unclear features and high feature similarity. In this study, we define normal underwater travel as wearing diving clothing. Abnormal underwater behavior includes underwater personnel with illegal fishing equipment. Herein, we propose a feature attention front-end network (FA-FENet), a novel end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that differs from previous methods in that it allows flexible integration with various backbone networks. The front end of the backbone network can be directly replaced to improve the learning efficiency and performance of the proposed network. The convolutional layers in our proposed FA-FENet include dilated convolutions, group convolutions, padded convolutions, pooling layers, and activation functions. We also comprehensively review the performance of the proposed FA-FENet. A series of ablation studies demonstrate that the proposed FA-FENet can be applied in shallow backbone networks. In addition, FA-FENet has potential in emerging networks with good performance in illegal underwater fishing identification tasks. Finally, we conducted experiments with an underwater fishing behavior dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms recently reported methods with attention mechanisms. Specifically, FA-FENet-RegNet achieves an accuracy of 88.81%, FA-FENet-ResNet18 reaches 78.32%, and FA-FENet-ShuffleNetV2 attains 80.41%. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Silver Lining in the Fake News Cloud: Can Large Language Models Help Detect Misinformation?

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第1期6卷 14-24页

作者： Kumar, Raghvendra Goddu, Bhargav Saha, Sriparna Jatowt, Adam Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Patna801106 India University of Innsbruck Department of Computer Science Innsbruck6020 Austria

In the times of advanced generative artificial intelligence, distinguishing truth from fallacy and deception has become a critical societal challenge. This research attempts to analyze the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for detecting misinformation. Our study employs a versatile approach, covering multiple LLMs with few- and zero-shot prompting. These models are rigorously evaluated across various fake news and rumor detection datasets. Introducing a novel dimension, we additionally incorporate sentiment and emotion annotations to understand the emotional influence on misinformation detection using LLMs. Moreover, to extend our inquiry, we employ ChatGPT to intentionally distort authentic news as well as human-written fake news, utilizing zero-shot and iterative prompts. This deliberate corruption allows for a detailed examination of various parameters such as abstractness, concreteness, and named entity density, providing insights into differentiating between unaltered news, human-written fake news, and its LLM-corrupted counterpart. Our findings aspire to furnish a refined framework for discerning authentic news, human-generated misinformation, and LLM-induced distortions. This multifaceted approach, utilizing various prompt techniques, contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the subtle variations shaping misinformation sources. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative methods

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SMART LAVATORY SOLUTION: INTEGRATING IOT AND DEEP LEARNING MODELS FOR ENHANCED HYGIENE

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Scalable Computing 2025年第3期26卷 1057-1070页

作者： Patel, Jigna Shah, Aeshwi Rushali, Chaudhari Patel, Jitali Ukani, Vijay Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Technology Nirma University Gujarat Ahmedabad India

In the current era of smart technology, integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) with Artificial Intelligence has revolutionized several fields, including public health and sanitation. The smart lavatory solution proposed in this paper improves hygiene standards using deep learning models and IoT system. The proposed system collect real-time data from deployed sensors to monitor and assess hygiene conditions regularly. Proposed model consists of four consequent phases as hardware implementation, data preprocessing, application and user interface modules. Rasberry Pi based sensor integration at hardware layer, normalization based techniques at data preprocessing layer, LSTM and GRU based deep learning model at application development layer and mobile notification to the cleaning staff at user interface layer ensure efficiently cleaning and monitoring of lavatory systems. Prior to assessing the proposed model’s testing accuracy experiments on the activation functions, optimizer, learning rate, and number of epochs were selected to choose the best to prevent overfitting or underfitting problems. With an accuracy of 98.61%, the proposed system performs better than the conventional approaches. © 2025 SCPE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Hopping-mean: an augmentation method for motor activity data towards real-time depression diagnosis using machine learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第18期84卷 18781-18799页

作者： Misgar, Muzafar Mehraj Bhatia, M.P.S. Department of Computer Science & Engineering Netaji Subhas University of Technology New Delhi India

The advances from the last few decades in the fields of ML (Machine Learning), DL (Deep Learning), and semantic computing are now changing the shape of the healthcare system. But, unlike physical health problems, diagnosis of mental health problems lacks a direct quantitative test. A huge variety of data generated by wearable IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) devices (e.g. wrist actigraph) provides an efficient objective way to diagnose such mental health problems in the early stages. In this paper, we propose a novel overall methodology comprised of preprocessing, data augmentation, and classification of depressive episodes from motor activity data. A time-efficient Augmentation Algorithm is proposed based on windowing over the same timestamps to resolve the problem of data loss in the Depresjon database and the UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) based feature extraction method is used on motor activity database containing variable-length activity records for 23 control patients and 32 condition groups. The classification of depression from 24 h of motor activity data with augmentation performs much better than raw data. The preprocessing approach followed by Random forest provides cut over cut over the current state of the art and provides the highest accuracy of 74.29%, specificity of 74.80%, and sensitivity of 73.56 on non-augmented data and gives the highest accuracy of 98.65%, specificity of 97.36% and sensitivity of 99.89% on augmented data. This shows the effectiveness of using the custom augmentation approach proposed in this paper. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Medical problems

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ResdenseNet: a lightweight dense ResNet enhanced with depthwise separable convolutions and its applications for early plant disease classification

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第8期37卷 6305-6326页

作者： Nagpal, Jyoti Goel, Lavika Department of Computer Science & Engineering The NorthCap University Gurugram122017 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Rajasthan Jaipur302017 India

In recent years, artificial intelligence has undergone robust development, leading to the emergence of numerous autonomous AI applications. However, a crucial challenge lies in optimizing computational efficiency and reducing training time while maintaining high accuracy with limited hardware resources. This paper introduces ResdenseNet, a model built upon the MobileNet, DenseNet, and ResNet architectures. ResdenseNet combines dense blocks and residual blocks from the DenseNet and ResNet architectures. In these dense blocks, the standard convolutional units are replaced by depthwise separable convolutional units, a significant part of the MobileNet architecture. The experimental outcomes are contrasted with established models and their iterations, including ResNet-50, ResNet-101, MobileNet-V1, MobileNet-V2, DenseNet-121, and DenseNet-169. The proposed model is tested on benchmark and proposed datasets, showcasing its efficiency in reducing computations and accelerating the training process. Emphasizing hyperparameter importance, ResdenseNet, optimized with a growth rate of 64, 6 layers, and ReLU activation, achieves an accuracy of (98.73%) and a F1-score of (98.20%) on the wheat and barley dataset. The results indicate that ResdenseNet significantly decreases the number of parameters to 0.72M and efficiently shortens training time to 5983.54 s. Particularly noteworthy is ResdenseNet’s superiority over other models in terms of having the fewest parameters, the shortest training time, and the highest accuracy, especially when dealing with wheat, barley, and maize datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Plant diseases

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Underwater object detection based on enhanced YOLOv4 architecture

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第18期83卷 53759-53783页

作者： Liu, Ching-Hua Lin, Chang Hong Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan

Object detection and image restoration pose significant challenges in deep learning and computer vision. These tasks are widely employed in various applications, and there is an increasing demand for specialized environments where images are prone to blur or noise, which can adversely affect subsequent results. In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in object detection performance. While some previously proposed methods prioritize high accuracy at the cost of longer inference times, others prioritize speed. Therefore, it is crucial to design an efficient network architecture that maintains both inference speed and high accuracy. This research proposes a network architecture for underwater object detection with an attention mechanism. The proposed approach differentiates itself from other methods by employing a deblurring network as a preprocessing step to restore and enhance the image quality of the underwater dataset. Additionally, in the feature extraction stage of the detection network, channel and spatial feature information are individually enhanced. These adaptive attention features are then integrated into a multi-scale feature fusion. Finally, the cross-stage local method is combined to improve the learning ability of the convolutional neural network while reducing the size of the model. Based on the experimental results, our proposed model architecture achieves leading accuracy and strikes a favorable balance in terms of model size compared to previously proposed methods. Based on our structure, the metrics of AP and AP50 reach 66.8 and 87.6, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Impact of oxymoron features and deep learning techniques in the detection of sarcastic contents

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2024年第4期46卷 9197-9207页

作者： Seethappan, K. Premalatha, K. Department of Computer Science and Engineering University College of Engineering Tamilnadu Ramanathapuram India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Sathyamangalam India

Even though various features have been investigated in the detection of figurative language, oxymoron features have not been considered in the classification of sarcastic content. The main objective of this work is to present a system that can automatically classify sarcastic phrases in multi-domain data. This multi-domain dataset consisting of 67850 sarcastic and non-sarcastic data is collected from various websites to identify sarcastic or non-sarcastic utterances. Multiple approaches are examined in this work to improve sarcasm identification: 1. A Combination of fasttext embedding, syntactic, semantic, lexical n-gram, and oxymoron features 2. TF-IDF feature weighting scheme 3. Three machine learning algorithms (SVM, Multinomial Naïve Bayes, and Random Forest), three deep learning algorithms (CNN, LSTM, MLP), and one ensemble model (CNN + LSTM) The CNN + LSTM model achieves a Precision of 91.32%, Recall of 92.85%, F-Score of 92.08%, accuracy of 92.01%, and Kappa of 0.84 by combining the fasttext embedding, bigram, syntactic, semantic, and oxymoron features with TF-IDF method. These experimental results show CNN + LSTM with a combination of all features outperforms the other algorithms in classifying the sarcasm in both datasets. The sarcasm classification performance of our dataset and another sarcasm news dataset was compared while applying the above model. © 2024 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Syntactics

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Clustered Reinforcement Learning

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Frontiers of computer science 2025年第4期19卷 43-57页

作者： Xiao MA Shen-Yi ZHAO Zhao-Heng YIN Wu-Jun LI National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and TechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-1770USA

Exploration strategy design is a challenging problem in reinforcement learning(RL),especially when the environment contains a large state space or sparse *** exploration,the agent tries to discover unexplored(novel)areas or high reward(quality)*** existing methods perform exploration by only utilizing the novelty of *** novelty and quality in the neighboring area of the current state have not been well utilized to simultaneously guide the agent’s *** address this problem,this paper proposes a novel RL framework,called clustered reinforcement learning(CRL),for efficient exploration in *** adopts clustering to divide the collected states into several clusters,based on which a bonus reward reflecting both novelty and quality in the neighboring area(cluster)of the current state is given to the *** leverages these bonus rewards to guide the agent to perform efficient ***,CRL can be combined with existing exploration strategies to improve their performance,as the bonus rewards employed by these existing exploration strategies solely capture the novelty of *** on four continuous control tasks and six hard-exploration Atari-2600 games show that our method can outperform other state-of-the-art methods to achieve the best performance.

关键词： deep reinforcement learning exploration count-based method clustering K-means

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Impact of transfer learning compared to convolutional neural networks on fruit detection

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2024年第4期46卷 7791-7803页

作者： Salem, Dina Ahmed Hassan, Nesma Abdelaziz Hamdy, Razan Mohamed Computer and Software Engineering Department Misr University for Science and Technology Giza Egypt

Smart farming, also known as precision agriculture or digital farming, is an innovative approach to agriculture that utilizes advanced technologies and data-driven techniques to optimize various aspects of farming operations. One smart farming activity, fruit classification, has broad applications and impacts across agriculture, food production, health, research, and environmental conservation. Accurate and reliable fruit classification benefits various stakeholders, from farmers and food producers to consumers and conservationists. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis to assess the performance of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model in conjunction with four transfer learning models: VGG16, ResNet50, MobileNet-V2, and EfficientNet-B0. Models are trained once on a benchmark dataset called Fruits360 and another time on a reduced version of it to study the effect of data size and image processing on fruit classification performance. The original dataset reported accuracy scores of 95%, 93%, 99.8%, 65%, and 92.6% for these models, respectively. While accuracy increased when trained on the reduced dataset for three of the employed models. This study provides valuable insights into the performance of various deep learning models and dataset versions, offering guidance on model selection and data preprocessing strategies for image classification tasks. © 2024-IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fruits

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VoteDroid: a new ensemble voting classifier for malware detection based on fine-tuned deep learning models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 10923-10944页

作者： Bakır, Halit Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Turkey

In this work, VoteDroid a novel fine-tuned deep learning models-based ensemble voting classifier has been proposed for detecting malicious behavior in Android applications. To this end, we proposed adopting the random search optimization algorithm for deciding the structure of the models used as voter classifiers in the ensemble classifier. We specified the potential components that can be used in each model and left the random search algorithm taking a decision about the structure of the model including the number of each component that should be used and its location in the structure. This optimization method has been used to build three different deep learning models namely CNN-ANN, pure CNN, and pure ANN. After selecting the best structure for each DL model, the selected three models have been trained and tested using the constructed image dataset. Afterward, we suggested hybridizing the fine-tuned three deep-learning models to form one ensemble voting classifier with two different working modes namely MMR (Malware Minority Rule) and LMR (Label Majority Rule). To our knowledge, this is the first time that an ensemble classifier has been fine-tuned and hybridized in this way for malware detection. The results showed that the proposed models were promising, where the classification accuracy exceeded 97% in all experiments. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Android malware

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