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IRS-enabled NOMA communication systems:A network architecture primer with future trends and challenges

Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第5期10卷 1503-1528页

作者： Haleema Sadia Ahmad Kamal Hassan Ziaul Haq Abbas Ghulam Abbas Muhammad Waqas Zhu Han Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications and Networking(TeleCoN)Research Center Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology(GIKI)Topi 23640Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIKITopi 23640Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Information TechnologyUniversity of Bahrain32028Bahrain School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerth WA6027Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77004USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 446-701South Korea

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)has already proven to be an effective multiple access scheme for5th Generation(5G)wireless *** provides improved performance in terms of system throughput,spectral efficiency,fairness,and energy efficiency(EE).However,in conventional NOMA networks,performance degradation still exists because of the stochastic behavior of wireless *** combat this challenge,the concept of Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)has risen to prominence as a low-cost intelligent solution for Beyond 5G(B5G)*** this paper,a modeling primer based on the integration of these two cutting-edge technologies,i.e.,IRS and NOMA,for B5G wireless networks is *** in-depth comparative analysis of IRS-assisted Power Domain(PD)-NOMA networks is provided through 3-fold ***,a primer is presented on the system architecture of IRS-enabled multiple-configuration PD-NOMA systems,and parallels are drawn with conventional network configurations,i.e.,conventional NOMA,Orthogonal Multiple Access(OMA),and IRS-assisted OMA *** by this,a comparative analysis of these network configurations is showcased in terms of significant performance metrics,namely,individual users'achievable rate,sum rate,ergodic rate,EE,and outage ***,for multi-antenna IRS-enabled NOMA networks,we exploit the active Beamforming(BF)technique by employing a greedy algorithm using a state-of-the-art branch-reduceand-bound(BRB)*** optimality of the BRB algorithm is presented by comparing it with benchmark BF techniques,i.e.,minimum-mean-square-error,zero-forcing-BF,and ***,we present an outlook on future envisioned NOMA networks,aided by IRSs,i.e.,with a variety of potential applications for 6G wireless *** work presents a generic performance assessment toolkit for wireless networks,focusing on IRS-assisted NOMA *** comparative analysis provides a solid foundation for the dev

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surface Non-orthogonal multiple access 6G Beamforming Sum rate Energy efficiency

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An AI-Enabled Framework for Transparency and Interpretability in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 5057-5078页

作者： Isha Kiran Shahzad Ali Sajawal ur Rehman Khan Musaed Alhussein Sheraz Aslam Khursheed Aurangzeb Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore39161Pakistan Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie Alma Mater Studiorum—Universita di BolognaBologna40126Italy Department of Information Sciences University of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityKarachi CampusKarachi74900Pakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineeringand InformaticsCyprus University of TechnologyLimassol3036Cyprus Department of Computer Science CTL EurocollegeLimassol3077Cyprus

Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a leading global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and the complexity of early diagnosis,driven by risk factors such as hypertension,high cholesterol,and irregular pulse *** diagnostic methods often struggle with the nuanced interplay of these risk factors,making early detection *** this research,we propose a novel artificial intelligence-enabled(AI-enabled)framework for CVD risk prediction that integrates machine learning(ML)with eXplainable AI(XAI)to provide both high-accuracy predictions and transparent,interpretable *** to existing studies that typically focus on either optimizing ML performance or using XAI separately for local or global explanations,our approach uniquely combines both local and global interpretability using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations(LIME)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).This dual integration enhances the interpretability of the model and facilitates clinicians to comprehensively understand not just what the model predicts but also why those predictions are made by identifying the contribution of different risk factors,which is crucial for transparent and informed decision-making in *** framework uses ML techniques such as K-nearest neighbors(KNN),gradient boosting,random forest,and decision tree,trained on a cardiovascular ***,the integration of LIME and SHAP provides patient-specific insights alongside global trends,ensuring that clinicians receive comprehensive and actionable *** experimental results achieve 98%accuracy with the Random Forest model,with precision,recall,and F1-scores of 97%,98%,and 98%,*** innovative combination of SHAP and LIME sets a new benchmark in CVD prediction by integrating advanced ML accuracy with robust interpretability,fills a critical gap in existing *** framework paves the way for more explainable and transparent decision-making in he

关键词： Artificial Intelligence cardiovascular disease(CVD) explainability eXplainable AI(XAI) interpretability LIME machine learning(ML) SHAP

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Energy Efficient Unequal Fault Tolerance Clustering Approach

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1971-1983页

作者： Sowjanya Ramisetty Divya Anand Kavita Sahil Verma NZ Jhanjhi Mehedi Masud Mohammed Baz Department of Computer Science and Engineering KG Reddy College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadIndia School of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tailor’s UniversityMalaysia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21994Saudi Arabia

For achieving Energy-Efficiency in wireless sensor networks(WSNs),different schemes have been proposed which focuses only on reducing the energy consumption.A shortest path determines for the Base Station(BS),but fault tolerance and energy balancing gives equal importance for improving the network *** saving energy in WSNs,clustering is considered as one of the effective methods for Wireless Sensor *** of the excessive overload,more energy consumed by cluster heads(CHs)in a cluster based WSN to receive and aggregate the information from member sensor nodes and it leads to *** increasing the WSNs’lifetime,the CHs selection has played a key role in energy consumption for sensor *** Energy Efficient Unequal Fault Tolerant Clustering Approach(EEUFTC)is proposed for reducing the energy utilization through the intelligent methods like Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).In this approach,an optimal Master Cluster Head(MCH)-Master data Aggregator(MDA),selection method is proposed which uses the fitness values and they evaluate based on the PSO for two optimal nodes in each cluster to act as Master Data Aggregator(MDA),and Master Cluster *** data from the cluster members collected by the chosen MCH exclusively and the MDA is used for collected data reception from MCH transmits to the ***,the MCH overhead *** the heavy communication of data,overhead controls using the scheduling of Energy-Efficient Time Division Multiple Access(EE-TDMA).To describe the proposed method superiority based on various performance metrics,simulation and results are compared to the existing methods.

关键词： Energy-efficiency unequal fault tolerant clustering approach particle swarm optimization master data aggregator energy efficient time division multiple access optimal nodes

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An Efficient Scalp Inspection and Diagnosis System Using Multiple Deep Learning-Based Modules un système efficace d'inspection et de diagnostic du cuir chevelure utilisant plusieurs modules basés sur l'apprentissage profond

IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and computer engineering 2024年第1期47卷 22-35页

作者： Chen, Liang-Bi Chang, Wan-Jung Chiu, Yi-Chan Huang, Xiang-Rui National Penghu University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Penghu880011 Taiwan National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Kaohsiung807618 Taiwan Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Tainan710 Taiwan

The conventional approach to scalp inspection in the hairdressing industry relies on manually interpreting scalp symptom images. Hairdressers provide treatments based on visual assessment, leading to potential inaccuracies and misjudgments. To address these shortcomings, this article proposes a novel multimodal deep learning-based scalp inspection and diagnosis system. The proposed system employs various artificial intelligence (AI) object recognition modules, such as single-shot multibox detector (SSD)-MobileNetV2, SSD-InceptionV2, Faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN)-InceptionV2, and Faster R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous (2). These modules form a diverse scalp symptom recognition module integrated into an AI recognition server. This study included nine scalp symptoms, encompassing four primary conditions (dandruff, hair loss, gray hair, and oily hair), as well as five special conditions (folliculitis, chemical residue, mold, fungi, fungus, and psoriasis). The efficiency of the proposed system is evaluated through experiments, and adjustments are made to the neural network architecture to achieve optimal performance across diverse symptoms. The experimental results showed that Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous (2) excels in recognizing chemical residue and oily hair symptoms (accuracies of 89.33% and 87.75%, respectively);Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous (4) outperforms in recognizing dandruff, folliculitis, fungal, and psoriasis symptoms (accuracies ranging from 88.77% to 99.72%);and Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous (4) is the best-performing method overall. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Inspection

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Flu-Net: two-stream deep heterogeneous network to detect flu like symptoms from videos using grey wolf optimization algorithm

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第6期14卷 7733-7745页

作者： Gupta, Himanshu Imran, Javed Sharma, Chandani Department of Computer Science and Engineering Quantum University Roorkee India Computer Science and Engineering Department Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala India

The outbreak of COVID-19 (also known as Coronavirus) has put the entire world at risk. The disease first appears in Wuhan, China, and later spread to other countries, taking a form of a pandemic. In this paper, we try to build an artificial intelligence (AI) powered framework called Flu-Net to identify flu-like symptoms (which is also an important symptom of Covid-19) in people, and limit the spread of infection. Our approach is based on the application of human action recognition in surveillance systems, where videos captured by closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras are processed through state-of-the-art deep learning techniques to recognize different activities like coughing, sneezing, etc. The proposed framework has three major steps. First, to suppress irrelevant background details in an input video, a frame difference operation is performed to extract foreground motion information. Second, a two-stream heterogeneous network based on 2D and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) is trained using the RGB frame differences. And third, the features extracted from both the streams are combined using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) based feature selection technique. The experiments conducted on BII Sneeze-Cough (BIISC) video dataset show that our framework can 70% accuracy, outperforming the baseline results by more than 8%. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： COVID-19

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IoT enabled plant leaf disease segmentation and multi-classification using mayfly bald eagle optimization-enabled machine learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第21期83卷 59747-59781页

作者： Mishra, Monalisa Choudhury, Prasenjit Pati, Bibudhendu Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Durgapur India Department of Computer Science Rama Devi Women’s University Bhubaneswar India

Agricultural production is critical to the economy. This is one of the reasons why disease detection in plants is so important in agricultural settings, as plant disease is rather common. Farmers are not engaged in increasing their agricultural productivity daily since there are no technologies in the previous system to detect diseases in various crops in an agricultural environment. With the exponential population growth, food scarcity is a huge concern globally. In addition to this, the productivity of agricultural products has been highly impacted by the rapid increase in phytopathological adversities. The main challenges in leaf segmentation and plant disease identification are prior knowledge is required for segmentation, the implementation still lacks the accuracy of results, and more tweaking is required. To reduce the devastating impacts of illnesses on the economy, early detection of illnesses in plants is therefore essential. This paper describes an approach for segmenting and detecting plant leaf diseases based on images acquired via the Internet of Things (IoT) network. Here, a plant leaf area is segmented with a UNet, whose trainable parameters are optimized using the Mayfly Bald Eagle Optimization (MBEO) algorithm. Further, plant type classification is carried out by the Deep batch normalized AlexNet (DbneAlexNet), optimized by the Sine Cosine Algorithm-based Rider Neural Network (SCA-based RideNN). Finally, the DbneAlexNet, with weights adapted by the MBEO algorithm, is used to identify plant disease. The Plant Village dataset is used to evaluate the proposed DbneAlexNet-MBEO for plant-type classification and disease detection. The efficiency of the UNet-MBEO for segmentation is examined based on the Dice coefficient and Intersectin over Union (IOU) and has achieved superior values of 0.927 and 0.907. Moreover, the DbneAlexNet-MBEO is examined considering accuracy, Test Negative Rate (TNR), and Test Positive Rate (TPR) and offered superior values of 0

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Recent progress in photothermal-catalysis:The pivotal impact factors and various applications from energy to environment

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第4期103卷 888-910页

作者： Yongqian Cui Xinxin Liang Jingyi Wang Nitish Kumar Jinhua Sun Chuanyi Wang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021ShaanxiChina Jiangxi Key Lab of Flexible Electronics Flexible Electronics Innovation InstituteJiangxi Science and Technology Normal UniversityNanchang 330013JiangxiChina Department of Industrial and Materials Science Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GöteborgSweden

Photothermal catalysis is a synergetic process where photocatalysis and thermal catalysis work together to promote catalytic reactions,which compensates for the critical shortcomings of photocatalysis and thermal catalysis,achieving an effect of 1+1>*** reviews have summarized the mechanism of photothermal catalysis and its specific application in certain fields,but few have systematically analyzed the essential factors affecting the activity of photothermal catalysis,or provided a comprehensive summary of its application *** this review,the superiority of photothermal catalysis over individual photocatalysis and thermal catalysis will be comprehensively discussed with the aim to emphasize the importance of developing photothermal *** elucidating the basic mechanism of photothermal catalysis,an ample discussion on the factors influencing the catalytic activity of photothermal materials is provided from the following three perspectives:morphology,localized surface plasmon resonance,and defective structure of photothermal ***,this review summarizes the broad applications of photothermal catalysis in environmental management and energy ***,this review discusses the challenges encountered in photothermal catalysis technology and proposes directions for future *** provides new perspectives and a profound understanding of photothermal materials in photothermal environmental governance and energy conversion.

关键词： Photocatalysis Thermal-catalysis Photothermal catalysis Photothermal effect

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Vision-based Robotic Arm Control for Screwdriver Bit Placement Tasks

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Sensors and Materials 2024年第3期36卷 1003-1018页

作者： Lin, Cheng-Jian Lin, Pei-Jung Shih, Chi-Huang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Feng Chia University Taichung407 Taiwan

Robotic arms are widely used in the automation industry to package and deliver classified objects. When the products are small objects with very similar shapes, such as screwdriver bits with slightly different threads, pointed tips, and thicknesses, object selection and assembly often lead to misjudgment. We have developed a practical robotic arm control system based on vision detection techniques for screwdriver bits' placement. In addition to effectiveness, easy deployment and high flexibility in the field are also taken into account. The vision-based system consists of four processing stages in the following order: world coordinate conversion from image pixel coordinates, object detection, edge detection, and object orientation. In the first stage, a manual two-point marking method is proposed to easily configure the coordinate conversion for robot operating system (ROS)-based manipulators. For the following stages, we focus on the fine integration of state-of-the-art methods for the technical feasibility of the screwdriver bit placement. Such integration includes the selection between object detection methods and the data flow control among system stages. The experimental results show that (1) in detecting screwdriver bits, You Only Look Once (YOLO) v4 outperforms YOLOv7 and Single Shot MultiBox Detector at an accuracy rate of 99.51%;(2) in the edge detection, the object detection output can better illustrate the object contour than a whole image, achieving a mean absolute error of 0.86% in estimating the object angle;and (3) a successful real-time replacement rate of 96% is achieved for 12 screwdriver bits randomly scattered on a conveyor belt. © 2024 M Y U Scientific Publishing Division. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robotic arms

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On building automation system security

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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第3期4卷 103-122页

作者： Christopher Morales-Gonzalez Matthew Harper Michael Cash Lan Luo Zhen Ling Qun Z.Sun Xinwen Fu Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts LowellLowell 01854USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlando 32816USA School of Computer Science and Technology Southeast UniversityMa’anshan 243032China School of Computer Science and Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyNanjing 211189China

Building Automation Systems(BASs)are seeing increased usage in modern society due to the plethora of benefits they provide such as automation for climate control,HVAC systems,entry systems,and lighting *** BASs in use are outdated and suffer from numerous vulnerabilities that stem from the design of the underlying BAS *** this paper,we provide a comprehensive,up-to-date survey on BASs and attacks against seven BAS protocols including BACnet,EnOcean,KNX,LonWorks,Modbus,ZigBee,and *** studies of secure BAS protocols are also presented,covering BACnet Secure Connect,KNX Data Secure,KNX/IP Secure,ModBus/TCP Security,EnOcean High Security and Z-Wave *** and ZigBee do not have security *** point out how these security protocols improve the security of the BAS and what issues remain.A case study is provided which describes a real-world BAS and showcases its vulnerabilities as well as recommendations for improving the security of *** seek to raise awareness to those in academia and industry as well as highlight open problems within BAS security.

关键词： Building automation system BAS protocols Security Attack

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Descriptor-augmented machine learning for enzyme-chemical interaction predictions

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 259-268页

作者： Yilei Han Haoye Zhang Zheni Zeng Zhiyuan Liu Diannan Lu Zheng Liu Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Descriptors play a pivotal role in enzyme design for the greener synthesis of biochemicals,as they could characterize enzymes and chemicals from the physicochemical and evolutionary *** study examined the effects of various descriptors on the performance of Random Forest model used for enzyme-chemical relationships *** curated activity data of seven specific enzyme families from the literature and developed the pipeline for evaluation the machine learning model performance using 10-fold *** influence of protein and chemical descriptors was assessed in three scenarios,which were predicting the activity of unknown relations between known enzymes and known chemicals(new relationship evaluation),predicting the activity of novel enzymes on known chemicals(new enzyme evaluation),and predicting the activity of new chemicals on known enzymes(new chemical evaluation).The results showed that protein descriptors significantly enhanced the classification performance of model on new enzyme evaluation in three out of the seven datasets with the greatest number of enzymes,whereas chemical descriptors appear no effect.A variety of sequence-based and structure-based protein descriptors were constructed,among which the esm-2 descriptor achieved the best *** enzyme families as labels showed that descriptors could cluster proteins well,which could explain the contributions of descriptors to the machine learning *** a counterpart,in the new chemical evaluation,chemical descriptors made significant improvement in four out of the seven datasets,while protein descriptors appear no *** attempted to evaluate the generalization ability of the model by correlating the statistics of the datasets with the performance of the *** results showed that datasets with higher sequence similarity were more likely to get better results in the new enzyme evaluation and datasets with more enzymes were more likely beneficial from the protein

关键词： Enzyme-substrate interaction Enzyme design Machine learning Descriptor

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