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12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024

作者： Garimella, Manjulata Pak, Denizhan Wood, Justin N. Wood, Samantha M.W. Department of Informatics School of Informatics Computing & Engineering Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences Cognitive Science Program Program in Neuroscience

Newborn brains rapidly learn to solve challenging object perception tasks, including segmenting objects from backgrounds and recognizing objects across new viewing situations. Conversely, modern machine learning (ML) algorithms are "data hungry," requiring more training data than brains to reach similar performance levels. How do we close this learning gap between brains and machines? Here, we introduce a new benchmark-a Newborn Embodied Turing Test (NETT) for object segmentation-in which newborn animals and machines are raised in the same environments and tested with the same tasks, permitting direct comparison of their learning. First, newborn chicks were raised in controlled environments containing a single object rotating on a single background, then their recognition performance was tested across new backgrounds and viewpoints. Second, we performed "digital twin" experiments in which artificial agents were reared and tested in virtual environments that mimicked the rearing and testing conditions of the chicks. We inserted a variety of ML "brains" into the artificial agents and measured whether those algorithms learned common object recognition behavior as chicks. All newborn chicks solved this one-shot object segmentation task, successfully learning background-invariant object representations that generalized across new backgrounds and viewpoints. In contrast, none of the artificial agents solved the task, instead learning background-dependent representations that failed to generalize across new backgrounds and viewpoints. This digital twin design exposes core limitations in current ML algorithms in developing brain-like object perception. Our NETT is publicly available for comparing ML algorithms with newborn chicks. We argue that NETT benchmarks can help researchers build embodied AI systems that learn as efficiently and robustly as newborn brains. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Animals

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Teaching Abstraction to Novices: Pattern-Based and ADT-Based Problem-Solving Processes

Teaching Abstraction to Novices: Pattern-Based and ADT-Based...

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IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference 2008

作者： Haberman, Bruria Muller, Orna Computer Science Department Holon Institute of Technology Israel CS Academia and Industry Program Israel Science Education Department Computer Science Group Tel-Aviv University Israel Software Engineering Department Ort Braude College of Engineering Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781424419692

is taught to computer-science students as part of a comprehensive curriculum. The students encounter the concept of abstraction in various contexts while learning the different modules, each of which emphasizes some specific aspects of the concept. In this paper we present two instructional approaches, both related to utilizing abstraction in problem-solving processes: (1) pattern-oriented instruction (POI), and (2) abstract data type (ADT)-oriented instruction. We present these methods with respect to their employment in teaching problem solving to novices, and elaborate on abstraction processes.

关键词： Abstraction algorithmic patterns abstract data types problem solving

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Planning animation cinematography and shot structure to communicate theme and mood 02

Planning animation cinematography and shot structure to comm...

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2nd International Symposium on Smart Graphics, SMARTGRAPH '02

作者： Kennedy, Kevin Mercer, Robert E. Cognitive Engineering Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)1581135556

Standard techniques, such as soundtrack recording, storyboarding and key-framing, are used to create animation adaptations of narratives. Many aspects of the narrative, such as moods, themes, character motivations and plot, must he captured in the audio-visual medium. Our work focusses on achieving the communication of moods and themes solely through the application of well-known cinematography techniques. We present a planning system that transforms a description of animator intentions and character actions into a series of camera shots which portray these intentions. The planner accomplishes this portrayal by utilizing lighting, framing, camera motion, colour choice and shot pacing. The final output is an animation that is intended to produce a viewer impression to support the animator's description of the mood and theme of the narrative. Copyright 2002 ACM.

关键词： Animation

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Physical parameter optimization in swarms of ultra-low complexity agents

Physical parameter optimization in swarms of ultra-low compl...

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7th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS 2008

作者： Connaughton, Ryan Schermerhorn, Paul Scheutz, Matthias Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 United States Cognitive Science Program Indiana University Bloomington IN 47406 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605604701

Physical agents (such as wheeled vehicles, UAVs, hovercraft, etc.) with simple control systems are often sensitive to changes in their physical design and control parameters. As such, it is crucial to evaluate the agent's control systems together with the agent's physical implementation. This can consequently lead to an explosion in the parameter space to be considered. In this paper we investigate the use of swarms of ultra-low complexity agents, and address the issue of finding workable physical agent parameters. We describe a technique for reducing the dimensionality of the search space by performing evaluation tasks that can be used to predict near-optimal parameter values for agents in related multi-agent tasks. We validate our approach on an example task, and demonstrate that this technique can greatly reduce the computational resources required to design a multi-agent system. Copyright © 2008, International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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APPS 2021: Third International Workshop on Adaptive and Personalized Privacy and Security 21

APPS 2021: Third International Workshop on Adaptive and Pers...

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29th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, UMAP 2021

作者： Constantinides, Argyris Belk, Marios Fidas, Christos Bowles, Juliana Pitsillides, Andreas Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus and Cognitive Ux Ltd Cyprus Cognitive Ux GmbH and Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus Cyprus University of Patras Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Greece University of St. Andrews School of Computer Science United Kingdom University of Cyprus Department of Computer Science Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9781450383677

The Third International Workshop on Adaptive and Personalized Privacy and Security (APPS 2021) aims to bring together researchers and practitioners working on diverse topics related to understanding and improving the usability of privacy and security software and systems, by applying user modeling, adaptation and personalization principles. Our special focus in 2021 is on challenges and opportunities related to the Covid-19 outbreak, more specifically on ensuring security and privacy of sensitive data and secure user interactions in online systems. The third edition of the workshop includes interdisciplinary contributions from Belgium, Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Portugal, the Netherlands, and United Kingdom, that introduce new and disruptive ideas, suggest novel solutions, and present research results about various aspects (theory, applications, tools) for bringing user modeling, adaptation and personalization principles into privacy and systems security. This summary gives a brief overview of APPS 2021, held online in conjunction with the 29th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (ACM UMAP 2021). © 2021 Owner/Author.

关键词： Sensitive data

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Feature-oriented Digital Twins for Life Cycle Phases Using the Example of Reliable Museum Analytics 8th

Feature-oriented Digital Twins for Life Cycle Phases Using t...

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8th International Symposium on Reliability engineering and Risk Management, ISRERM 2022

作者： Luther, W. Auer, E. Sacher, D. Baloian, N. Department of Computer Science and Applied Cognitive Science University of Duisburg-Essen Germany Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Wismar University of Applied Sciences Germany Department of Computer Science University of Chile Santiago Chile

ISBN: (纸本)9789811851841

In this paper, we consider partial, feature-oriented digital twins of several virtual museums and formulate an approach to assessing them from the viewpoint of their reliability. Although the formulation specifically concerns the chosen application, it can be extended to any kind of feature-oriented digital twin. The features of a virtual museum that define its scope and focus fit into three broad categories: content, communication and collaboration. Moreover, any virtual museum needs to be risk-informed, that is, seek to support the communication and perception of different types of risks from a variety of threat categories. At the same time, appropriate algorithms should identify and analyze different types of risks for museums’ buildings, visitors, exhibitions, and pieces of art with the help of sensor data, operating rules and standards, in this way supporting stakeholders’ decision making. Using comprehensible quality criteria and their metrics, formal assessment can be carried out with the help of formulated requirements, ground truth data and related standards from the involved professional associations. Additionally, empirical assessment based on user surveys can be conducted during the museum’s lifetime. Aside from various realizations or interactive learning systems, the use cases we base our analysis on are a joint project with the Museo de Arte Contemporâneo (MAC, Santiago de Chile);a digital representation of largely destroyed works by German-Jewish sculptor Leopold Fleischhacker, a joint project initiated by the Salomon Ludwig Steinheim-Institute in Essen, presented onsite at the Düsseldorf Memorial to the Victims of Persecution;and the virtual Khachkar Museum dedicated to endangered Armenian cross stones in cooperation with the American University of Armenia. © 2022 ISRERM Organizers. Published by Research Publishing, Singapore.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Multi-focus attention network for efficient deep reinforcement learning 31

Multi-focus attention network for efficient deep reinforceme...

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31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2017

作者： Choi, Jinyoung Lee, Beom-Jin Zhang, Byoung-Tak Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science Seoul National University Korea Republic of School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781577357865

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown incredible performance in learning various tasks to the human level. However, unlike human perception, current DRL models connect the entire low-level sensory input to the state-action values rather than exploiting the relationship between and among entities that constitute the sensory input. Because of this difference, DRL needs vast amount of experience samples to learn. In this paper, we propose a Multi-focus Atten-tion Network (MANet) which mimics human ability to spatially abstract the low-level sensory input into multiple entities and attend to them simultaneously. The proposed method first divides the low-level input into several segments which we refer to as partial states. After this segmentation, parallel attention layers attend to the partial states relevant to solving the task. Our model estimates state-action values using these attended partial states. In our experiments, MANet attains highest scores with significantly less experience samples. Additionally, the model shows higher performance compared to the Deep Q-network and the single attention model as benchmarks. Furthermore, we extend our model to attentive communication model for performing multi-agent cooperative tasks, in multi-agent cooperative task experiments, our model shows 20% faster learning than existing state-of-the-art model. © 2017, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Emergent dimer-model topological order and quasi-particle excitations in liquid crystals: combinatorial vortex lattices

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Cuiling Wu, Jin-Sheng Kos, Žiga Dunkel, Jörn Nisoli, Cristiano Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as ‘Combinatorial Vortex Lattices’ (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasi-particle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CLVs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery — an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser surgery

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Moisture-driven phase transition for improved perovskite solar cells with reduced trap-state density

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Nano Research 2017年第4期10卷 1413-1422页

作者： Swaminathan Venkatesan Fang Hao Junyoung Kim Yaoguang Rong Zhuan Zhu Yanliang Liang Jiming Bao Yan Yao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA

We report a mechanistic understanding of a moisture-driven intermediate-phase transition that improves the quality of perovskite thin films based on a lead-acetate precursor, improving the power-conversion effidency. We clarify the composition of the intermediate phase and attribute the transition of this phase to the hygroscopic nature of the organic product, i.e., methylammonium acetate. Thermal annealing aids in the coarsening of the grains. These decoupled processes result in better crystal formation with a lower spatial and energetic distribution of traps. Thermal annealing of the films without exposure to air results in a faster intermediate-phase transition and grain coarsening, which occur simultaneously, leading to disorder in the films and a higher deep trap-state density. Our results indicate the need for a humid environment for the growth of high-quality perovskite films and provide insight into intermediate-phase dissociation and conversion kinetics. Thus, they are useful for the large-scale production of effident solution-processed perovskite solar cells.

关键词： perovskite solar cells phase transition moisture treatment film growth

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A novel fuzzy multimodal information fusion technology for human biometric traits identification

A novel fuzzy multimodal information fusion technology for h...

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10th IEEE International Conference on cognitive Informatics and cognitive Computing, ICCI*CC 2011

作者： Monwar, Md. Maruf Gavrilova, Marina Wang, Yingxu Computer Science University of Calgary Canada Department of Computer Science University of Calgary Canada Department of Cognitive Computing and Software Engineering University of Calgary Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781457716966

In recent years, biometric based security systems achieved more attention due to continuous terrorism threats around the world. However, a security system comprised of a single form of biometric information cannot fulfill users' expectations and may suffer from noisy sensor data, intra and inter class variations and continuous spoof attacks. To overcome some of these problems, multimodal biometric systems with multiple physiological, behavioral, and soft biometric information are becoming more popular due to increased recognition accuracy. In order to take full advantage of the multimodal approaches, one of the main issues is to implement the fusion mechanism for different biometric information. In this research, we utilize the physiological attributes (face, ear and iris) along with soft biometric information (gender, ethnicity and eye color). A fuzzy fusion mechanism for robust and reliable multimodal biometric based security systems is developed. The proposed fuzzy fusion scheme adopts rank, match score and soft biometrics information as the input and produces final identification decision via a fuzzy rule-based inference system. The experimental results show that the fuzzy fusion method can provide us faster, higher and more reliable recognition performance than conventional unimodal methods. The system can be effectively used at any security critical applications. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Information fusion

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